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Clause relationships in linguistics
In linguistics, grammatical relations (also called grammatical functions, grammatical roles, or syntactic functions) are functional relationships between
Grammatical_relation
Property of items within the grammar of a language
are part of the language's grammatical structure. Grammatical relation Grammeme Syntax Joan Bybee "Irrealis" as a Grammatical Category. Anthropological
Grammatical_category
Linguistic system of noun classification
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not
Grammatical_gender
Topics referred to by the same term
Kathryn Williams Grammatical relation, a functional relationship between constituents in a clause. Relate (disambiguation) Relationism (disambiguation)
Relation
Words supplying mainly grammatical information, rather than content information
qualities Grammaticalization, process by which words representing objects and actions transform to become grammatical markers Grammatical relation Rudolf
Function_word
System responsible for combining morphemes into complex structures
language considers the set of possible grammatical relations in a language or in general and how they behave in relation to one another in the morphosyntactic
Syntax
Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential
Grammatical_case
Grammatical category for verbs
gapless passives. In possessive passives, the grammatical subject stands in a canonical possessive relation with the direct object and in gapless passives
Voice_(grammar)
Process of words becoming part of a language grammar
Grammaticalization (also known as grammatization or grammaticization) is a linguistic process in which words change from representing objects or actions
Grammaticalization
Grammatical category expressing how a verb extends over time
In linguistics, aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how a verbal action, event, or state, extends over time. For instance, perfective aspect
Grammatical_aspect
Grammatical category
In linguistics, a grammatical person distinguishes between deictic references to one or more participants in an event. Typically, the distinction is between
Grammatical_person
Structural rules of a language
earliest grammatical commentaries on the Hebrew Bible. Ibn Barun in the 12th century, compares the Hebrew language with Arabic in the Islamic grammatical tradition
Grammar
Topics referred to by the same term
purported paranormal effects Operation, a word which represents a grammatical relation (i.e., function) or instruction, rather than a term or name Operation
Operation
Use of grammar in a language to express number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature, in many languages, of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions
Grammatical_number
Linguistic theory giving noun phrases semantic roles
prominent thematic relation with which they are associated. Different theoretical approaches often closely tie different grammatical relations of subject
Thematic_relation
Grammatical number
(sometimes abbreviated as pl., pl, pl., or pl), is one of the values of the grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity
Plural
Expression of time reference in grammar
understood as a category that expresses (grammaticalizes) time reference; namely one which, using grammatical means, places a state or action at a time
Grammatical_tense
Grammatical feature of verbs
In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. In other words, it is the use of verbal inflections that
Grammatical_mood
Icelandic post-rock band
syllables containing non-lexical vocables and phonemes. There is no grammatical relation between or among syllables, nor are they accompanied by clearly defined
Sigur_Rós
Creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection
hundreds of possible conjugations for every verb. Verbs may inflect for grammatical categories such as person, number, gender, case, tense, aspect, mood
Grammatical_conjugation
This is a list of grammatical cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension. This list will mark the case, when it is
List_of_grammatical_cases
Grammatical concept
oblique arguments, thus including other arguments not covered by core grammatical roles, such as those governed by case morphology (as in languages such
Object_(grammar)
Semantic way in which a verb is structured in relation to time
Lexical aspect differs from grammatical aspect in that it is an inherent semantic property of a predicate, while grammatical aspect is a syntactic or morphological
Lexical_aspect
Subject and predicate in sentences
entire lifespan. Stage-level predicates can occur in a wide range of grammatical constructions and are probably the most versatile kind of predicate.
Predicate_(grammar)
Structured system of communication
this in a different manner. Languages can be classified in relation to their grammatical types. Languages that belong to different families nonetheless
Language
Terms describing information structure in linguistics
depends on the specific grammatical theory that is used to analyze the sentence. The topic of a sentence is distinct from the grammatical subject. The topic
Topic_and_comment
Grammatical category indicating truth or falsehood
that it is not true that Joe is currently located near the speaker. The grammatical category associated with affirmatives and negatives is called polarity
Affirmation_and_negation
Basic elements of language
which are used to mark noun phrases according to their grammatical function or thematic relation, which English marks using word order or prosody. It is
Word
List of interlinear glossing abbreviations
This article lists common abbreviations for grammatical terms that are used in linguistic interlinear glossing of oral languages in English. The list
List of glossing abbreviations
List_of_glossing_abbreviations
Concept in grammar
Korean, where they are used to mark nouns according to their grammatical case or thematic relation in a sentence or clause. Linguistic analyses describe them
Grammatical_particle
Grammatical number in addition to singular and plural
Dual (abbreviated du) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural. When a noun or pronoun appears in dual form
Dual_(grammatical_number)
Grammatical category which conveys surprise
linguistics, mirativity, initially proposed by Scott DeLancey, is a grammatical category in a language, independent of evidentiality, that encodes the
Mirativity
Process of word formation, by alteration to express grammatical categories
process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender
Inflection
Grammatical tense denoting a past event
historic, or (particularly in the Greek grammatical tradition) the aorist. When the term preterite is used in relation to specific languages, it may not correspond
Preterite
Philanthropy conception of meaning
of semantics and philosophy of language. Meanings can be categorised in relation to the types of things being represented. Some examples include: things
Meaning_(philosophy)
Cause or initiator of an event
In linguistics, a grammatical agent is the thematic relation of the cause or initiator to an event. The agent is a semantic concept distinct from the subject
Agent_(grammar)
Type of grammar based on constituent entities
(1999:421f.), van Valin (2001:86ff.). Allerton, D. 1979. Essentials of grammatical theory. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Borsley, R. 1991. Syntactic theory:
Phrase_structure_grammar
All Slavic languages distinguish between at least two kinds of grammatical aspect: the imperfective aspect and the perfective aspect. While usage varies
Grammatical aspect in the Slavic languages
Grammatical_aspect_in_the_Slavic_languages
Linguistic category of nouns
designations are often clearly conventional. Some authors use the term "grammatical gender" as a synonym of "noun class", but others consider these different
Noun_class
Grammatical unit
A tagmeme is the smallest functional element in the grammatical structure of a language. The term was introduced in the 1930s by the linguist Leonard
Tagmeme
Grammatical category for new or contrastive information
In linguistics, focus (abbreviated foc) is a grammatical category that conveys the part of the sentence that contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive
Focus_(linguistics)
Property regarding whether a lexical item denotes a transitive object
"Linguaggio nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". Michael, Ian (2010-06-10). English Grammatical Categories: And the Tradition to 1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521143264
Transitivity_(grammar)
Part of a sentence
in John – I can't stand him!, then 'John' is not considered to be the grammatical subject, but can be described as the topic of the sentence. While these
Subject_(grammar)
Language family indigenous to the South Caucasus
is likely that certain grammatical features have been influenced as well. The Kartvelian languages have traces of grammatical gender based on animacy
Kartvelian_languages
Semantic feature of noun phrases in linguistics
between grammatical definiteness and cognitive identifiability has the advantage of enabling us to distinguish between a discrete (grammatical) and a non-discrete
Definiteness
State of standing out as unusual
In linguistics, markedness can apply to, among others, phonological, grammatical, and semantic oppositions, defining them in terms of marked and unmarked
Markedness
Symbol representing a property or relation in logic
The term derives from the grammatical term "predicate", meaning a word or phrase that represents a property or relation. In the semantics of logic,
Predicate_(logic)
Linguistic terminology
lexical mechanism, but adjuncts are attached using general (non-lexical) grammatical knowledge that is represented as phrase structure rules or the equivalent
Argument_(linguistics)
Type of synthetic language
together morphemes (word parts)—each typically representing a single grammatical meaning—without significant modification to their forms (agglutinations)
Agglutinative_language
Inflection of words according to number, gender, and/or case
gender (e.g. masculine, feminine, or neuter), and a number of other grammatical categories. Inflectional change of verbs is called conjugation. Declension
Declension
have them as part of a grammatical gender system, a system of agreement where most or all nouns have a value for this grammatical category. A few languages
Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
Gender_neutrality_in_languages_with_gendered_third-person_pronouns
Grammatical case
nom), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject
Nominative_case
Feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages
to the next. Comparatives are often used with a conjunction or other grammatical means to indicate to what the comparison is being made, as with than
Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Degrees_of_comparison_of_adjectives_and_adverbs
others. A word sketch triple is a triple consisting of headword, grammatical relation, collocation (e.g. man, modifier, young). Considering an underlying
Word_sketch
Any characteristic used to classify a phoneme or word
such as "noun", "verb", "adjective", and so on. These word classes have grammatical features (also called categories or inflectional categories), which can
Feature_(linguistics)
Grammatical case denoting accompaniment
Hungarian. Grammatical case is a category of inflectional morphology. The comitative case is an expression of the comitative semantic relation through inflectional
Comitative_case
adjectives, but each is inflected to express the grammatical person of the possessor and the grammatical gender of the possessed. Pronoun use displays considerable
Personal pronouns in Portuguese
Personal_pronouns_in_Portuguese
Semantic role
the patient is declined for case or otherwise marked to indicate its grammatical role. In Japanese, for instance, the patient is typically affixed with
Patient_(grammar)
Linguistic notion of claims' support
An evidential (also verificational or validational) is the particular grammatical element (affix, clitic, or particle) that indicates evidentiality. Languages
Evidentiality
Morphological form of a noun
(modifying) noun which is marked. However, in Semitic languages with grammatical case, such as Classical Arabic, the modifying noun in a genitive construction
Construct_state
Phenomenon whereby language is used to discuss possible situations
mood. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description: Grammatical categories and the lexicon (Vol. 3, pp. 202-258). Cambridge: Cambridge
Modality_(semantics)
Prescriptive rules of grammar and usage
established an internal house style specifying preferred spellings and grammatical forms, such as serial commas, how to write acronyms, and various awkward
Linguistic_prescription
Syntactic theory
relational grammar (RG) is a syntactic theory which argues that primitive grammatical relations provide the ideal means to state syntactic rules in universal
Relational_grammar
Grammatical aspect of the Japanese Kagoshima dialects
to the end of nouns, verbs or adjectives and help indicate their grammatical relation within a phrase, clause or sentence. To illustrate, the following
Particles of the Kagoshima dialects
Particles_of_the_Kagoshima_dialects
Phrase that can be removed, preserving grammatical correctness
In contrast, if a given constituent can be omitted without affecting grammaticality or core meaning, that constituent is an adjunct. E.g.: a. Fred certainly
Adjunct_(grammar)
Grammatical number
collective number (abbreviated sgv and col) are terms used when the grammatical number for multiple items is the unmarked form of a noun, and the noun
Singulative_number
Type of marking in linguistics
phrase morphosyntax". Research gate. Sarvasy, Hannah S. (2017-01-01). Grammatical Relation-Marking Postpositions. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-34010-7. Abondolo, Daniel
Pertensive
Lack of requirement for morphological agreement with respect to gender in some languages
language is a natural or constructed language that has no distinctions of grammatical gender—that is, no categories requiring morphological agreement between
Gender neutrality in genderless languages
Gender_neutrality_in_genderless_languages
Punctuation to signal the end of a sentence (.)
called "logical quotation", full stops and commas are placed according to grammatical sense: This means that when they are part of the quoted material, they
Full_stop
Ancient Indian scholar(s)
actually, Patanjali (2nd century BCE), the forerunner among ancient grammatical commentators, "adopted an etymological and dialectical method of explaining
Patanjali
Type of grammatical construction
construction or genitival construction is a type of grammatical construction used to express a relation between two nouns such as the possession of one by
Genitive_construction
Whether a verb presents an action/event as having an endpoint
does not. Telicity or telic aspect is often included in discussions of grammatical aspect, indicating an event or event predicate is completed. Languages
Telicity
State of being limited or ended
in size, while in linguistics, a verb is finite if it is limited by grammatical features such as tense, person, and number, which definition allows it
Finiteness
Grammatical use indicating possession
possessivus; Ancient Greek: κτητικός, romanized: ktētikós) is a word or grammatical construction indicating a relationship of possession in a broad sense
Possessive
Sentence with two or more simultaneous agents and patients
A reciprocal construction (abbreviated recp) is a grammatical pattern in which each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with
Reciprocal_construction
Social status and privilege as a grammatical function in many languages
In linguistics, an honorific (abbreviated hon) is a grammatical or morphosyntactic form that encodes the relative social status of the participants of
Honorifics_(linguistics)
Study of words and their formation
are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes include roots that can exist as words by themselves
Morphology_(linguistics)
Sociological constructs related to sex
transsexualism in 1978. Grammatical gender is a property of some languages in which every noun is assigned a gender, often with no direct relation to its meaning
Gender
Grammatical case
In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated ins or instr) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with
Instrumental_case
Geographic areas of indigenous languages
postpositional phrases, in which the whole sequence has only one grammatical relation in the sentence) extensive use of particles that are phrasal subconstituents
Linguistic areas of the Americas
Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas
Class of modern grammatical theories
is a class of modern grammatical theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation of phrase structure)
Dependency_grammar
1982 book by Jeremy Campbell
Grammatical Man: Information, Entropy, Language, and Life is a 1982 book written by Jeremy Campbell, then Washington correspondent for the Evening Standard
Grammatical_Man
Grammatical category of tense
summer' etc.). Its does not encode a relation to a particular point of reference, unlike deictic tense, the grammatical expression of time reference (usually
Periodic_tense
Grammatical and/or semantic category of nouns
Animacy (antonym: inanimacy) is a grammatical and semantic feature, existing in some languages, expressing how sentient or alive the referent of a noun
Animacy
Noun whose quantity is treated as an undifferentiated unit
distinguished from count nouns. Given that different languages have different grammatical features, the actual test for which nouns are mass nouns may vary between
Mass_noun
Grammatical case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated gen) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus
Genitive_case
Morphological feature marking the gender of the addresee
gender of an addressee is marked overtly in an utterance using fully grammaticalized markers even if the addressee is not referred to in the utterance.
Allocutive_agreement
Extinct Eskimo–Aleut language
more grammatical cases. The table illustrates also why Sirenik language is treated as agglutinative (rather than fusional). There is no grammatical gender
Sirenik_language
Grammatical system of a language that covers the expression of tense, aspect, and mood
tense–modality–aspect (abbreviated as TMA) is an important group of grammatical categories, which are marked in different ways by different languages
Tense–aspect–mood
Japonic language
Early Middle Japanese. Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords. The basis of
Japanese_language
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
and the passive voice. Verbs had three grammatical persons: first, second and third. Verbs had three grammatical numbers: singular dual: referring to precisely
Proto-Indo-European_language
Aspect of linguistics representing subordinate relationships between things
possessed. That means basically that in such languages, saying my sister is grammatically correct but not my land. Instead, one would have to use a circumlocution
Possession_(linguistics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Passive may refer to: Passive voice, a grammatical voice common in many languages, see also Pseudopassive Passive language
Passive
American linguist (born 1945)
emerita at the University of New Mexico. Much of her work concerns grammaticalization, stochastics, modality, morphology, and phonology. Bybee is best known
Joan_Bybee
Word consisting of two words
278–281. Example provided by Elisa Mattiello's chapter "Blends" (of Extra-grammatical Morphology in English: Abbreviations, Blends, Reduplicatives, and Related
Portmanteau
Study of meaning in language
contrasts with syntax, which studies the rules that dictate how to create grammatically correct sentences, and pragmatics, which investigates how people use
Semantics
Linguistic encoding of personal knowledge
In linguistics, egophoricity refers to a grammatical category that marks one's personal involvement in an event. In languages with this category, an egophoric
Egophoricity
Primary tenets
language. In relation to English, for instance, Halliday has described systems such as mood, agency, theme, etc. Halliday describes grammatical systems as
Systemic_functional_grammar
Noun or noun phrase whose quantity is discrete and usually an integer
with quantificational determiners. The concept of a "mass noun" is a grammatical concept and is not based on the innate nature of the object to which
Count_noun
Pattern relating to the subject and object of verbs
the object of a transitive verb. In ergative–absolutive languages with grammatical case, the case for the single argument of an intransitive verb and the
Ergative–absolutive_alignment
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
Boy/Male
Indian
Of Husain, Nisba relation
Boy/Male
Hindu
Vimoktre detacher of all relationship
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bhandhavi | பாநà¯à®¤à®µà¯€
Who loves friends & family members, Friendship, Relationship
Bhandhavi | பாநà¯à®¤à®µà¯€
Girl/Female
Tamil
Who loves friends & family members, Friendship, Relationship
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Showing Matching of Relationship
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Brook, which preserves a trace of the Old English dative singular case, originally used after a preposition (e.g. ‘at the brook’).In 1650, Robert and Mary Mainwaring Brooke brought ten children and a number of servants with them from England to MD, where Robert became governor. Although the fourteen known contemporary Brooke immigrants in VA included Robert’s brothers Richard and Humphrey, the relationships of the others are unknown. Brooke family memorials remain in the Anglican church at Whitchurch, Hampshire, England.
Girl/Female
Indian
Who loves friends & family members, Friendship, Relationship
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Modern
Relationship
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sarvabandha | ஸரà¯à®µà®ªà®‚தா
Vimoktre detacher of all relationship
Sarvabandha | ஸரà¯à®µà®ªà®‚தா
Boy/Male
Tamil
Relation
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Hick + Middle English maugh, mough ‘relative’ (from Old Norse mágr or Old English magu). The exact nature of the relationship is not clear; the Middle English word meant ‘relative by marriage’, but was also used occasionally of a female blood relation.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Messenger.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a brazier, from an agent derivative of Middle High German messinc ‘brass’, German Messing, from Greek mossynoikos (khalkos) ‘Mossynoecan bronze’, named after the people of northeastern Asia Minor who first produced the alloy.German : habitational name from Mössingen in Baden-Württemberg (Messingen in the local dialect), which is recorded as Masginga in 789, probably from the personal name Masco + ingen, suffix of relationship.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jasevaraj | ஜஸேவாராஜ
Heart of relation
Jasevaraj | ஜஸேவாராஜ
Surname or Lastname
French
French : perhaps a variant of Parrain, relationship name from parrain ‘godfather’.English : possibly a variant of Parent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Of Husain, Nisba relation
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Friendship; Good Relation
Girl/Female
Indian
Who loves friends & family members, Friendship, Relationship
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Feather.North German, Dutch, and Danish : from the Frisian personal name Vetter, meaning ‘relative’. Relationship terms were commonly used as personal names in Friesland.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Relation, Way, Sake
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : probably from a derivative of Pille 1.Dutch : relationship name from Middle Dutch pil(le) ‘godchild’.English : possibly a variant of Pilling.
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
Boy/Male
Australian, Iranian, Parsi
A Character in Shahnameh
Girl/Female
Indian
Speaker of truth
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Tears; Tear Drop
Girl/Female
French
Singer. To sing. Song.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Lord Rama's Brother
Boy/Male
Muslim
Precious stone
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Point of Hill
Girl/Female
Hindu
Petal
Male
Arthurian
, ("horrid"); king Arthur's father.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Intelligent; Adorned with Intellect
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
GRAMMATICAL RELATION
a.
Alt. of Dramatical
a.
Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy and positive; meddlesome.
a.
Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical.
n.
Inflection of nouns, adjectives, etc., according to the grammatical cases.
a.
Lacking grammatical sequence.
v. t.
To render grammatical.
n.
A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
a.
Grammatical.
v. t.
To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure.
a.
Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.
n.
Criticism; grammatical learning.
a.
Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.
a.
Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature.
n.
The quality or state of being pragmatical.
n.
A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.
a.
Alt. of Pragmatical
adv.
In a pragmatical manner.
a.
According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.
n.
A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.
a.
Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical.