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Matrix of inner products of vectors
In linear algebra, the Gram matrix (or Gramian matrix, Gramian) of vectors v 1 , … , v n {\displaystyle v_{1},\dots ,v_{n}} in an inner product space is
Gram_matrix
Danish actuary and mathematician (1850–1916)
systems. The Gram matrix is also important in deep learning, where it is used to represent the distribution of features in style transfer. Gram was the first
Jørgen_Pedersen_Gram
Orthonormalization of a set of vectors
decomposition. The application of the Gram–Schmidt process to the column vectors of a full column rank matrix yields the QR decomposition (it is decomposed
Gram–Schmidt_process
Type of matrix
{\displaystyle ({a_{ij}}^{s})} is a Euclidean distance matrix for every 0<s<1. The Gram matrix of a sequence of points x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\displaystyle
Euclidean_distance_matrix
Property of a mathematical matrix
definite if and only if it is the Gram matrix of some linearly independent vectors. In general, the rank of the Gram matrix of vectors b 1 , … , b n {\displaystyle
Definite_matrix
Dimension of the column space of a matrix
the real numbers then the rank of A and the rank of its corresponding Gram matrix are equal. Thus, for real matrices rank ( A T A ) = rank ( A A T
Rank_(linear_algebra)
Mathematical problem
an n×n {1, −1} matrix is an integer multiple of 2n−1. Let R be an n by n {1, −1} matrix. The Gram matrix of R is defined to be the matrix G = RRT. From
Hadamard's maximal determinant problem
Hadamard's_maximal_determinant_problem
Method for estimating the unknown parameters in a linear regression model
.} The matrix X T X {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} ^{\operatorname {T} }\mathbf {X} } is known as the normal matrix or Gram matrix and the matrix X T y {\displaystyle
Ordinary_least_squares
Approximations used in machine learning
represented in a kernel matrix (or, Gram matrix). Many algorithms can solve machine learning problems using the kernel matrix. The main problem of kernel
Low-rank matrix approximations
Low-rank_matrix_approximations
Mathematical equivalence between matrices
congruence arises when considering the effect of change of basis on the Gram matrix attached to a bilinear form or quadratic form on a finite-dimensional
Matrix_congruence
Matrix of values of explanatory variables
regression analysis, a design matrix, also known as model matrix or regressor matrix and often denoted by X, is a matrix of values of explanatory variables
Design_matrix
Class of algorithms for pattern analysis
used in Gaussian processes, then the Gram matrix K {\displaystyle \mathbf {K} } can also be called a covariance matrix. Application areas of kernel methods
Kernel_method
Numerical optimization process
x_{S}=\prod _{i\in S}x_{i}} , C {\textstyle C} is a Gram matrix p, and A i {\textstyle A_{i}} is a Gram matrix of a i {\displaystyle a_{i}} . We adopt the convention
Sum-of-squares_optimization
Exterior algebraic map taking tensors from p forms to n-p forms
^{\!k}V} through linearity. The Gram matrix G of Gram determinants is a 2 n × 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{n}\times 2^{n}} matrix allowing the inner product on
Hodge_star_operator
Class of nonparametric methods
potentially infinite-dimensional RKHS can be implemented in practice as simple Gram matrix operations Dimensionality-independent rates of convergence for the empirical
Kernel embedding of distributions
Kernel_embedding_of_distributions
Field of mathematics
to the square roots of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the Gram matrix X ∗ X {\displaystyle X^{*}X} . And if A = LU is an LU factorization of
Numerical_linear_algebra
Matrix with a multiplicative inverse
algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it
Invertible_matrix
Type of group in mathematics
represented by a Gram matrix Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } , and Aut ( φ ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Aut} (\varphi )} becomes a matrix group defined by
Classical_group
Algorithm in computational number theory
the package LLLBases Magma as the functions LLL and LLLGram (taking a gram matrix) Maple as the function IntegerRelations[LLL] Mathematica as the function
Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász lattice basis reduction algorithm
Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász_lattice_basis_reduction_algorithm
inequality and begins by considering the m × m {\displaystyle m\times m} Gram matrix G {\displaystyle G} of the vectors { x i } {\displaystyle \{x_{i}\}}
Welch_bounds
Real square matrix whose columns and rows are orthogonal unit vectors
In linear algebra, an orthogonal matrix or orthonormal matrix Q, is a real-valued square matrix whose columns and rows are orthonormal vectors. One way
Orthogonal_matrix
Machine learning kernel function
uses the Nyström method to approximate the eigendecomposition of the Gram matrix K, using only a random sample of the training set. Gaussian function
Radial_basis_function_kernel
Array of numbers
the word "matrix" synonymously with the notion of truth table as used in mathematical logic. Mathematics portal List of named matrices Gram–Schmidt process –
Matrix_(mathematics)
Machine learning model for vision processing
each patch into a vector, and maps it to a smaller dimension with a single matrix multiplication. These vector embeddings are then processed by a transformer
Vision_transformer
Matrix equal to its conjugate-transpose
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a square matrix with complex-valued entries that is equal to its own conjugate transpose
Hermitian_matrix
Concept in probability theory
covariance matrix Wishart distribution Outer product— X X ⊤ {\displaystyle XX^{\top }} or X⊗X is the outer product of X with itself. Gram matrix Raghavan
Scatter_matrix
Application of geometry in number theory
discriminant Δ K {\displaystyle \Delta _{K}} is the determinant of the Gram matrix of an integral basis of O K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{K}} with respect
Geometry_of_numbers
} The objective function can be rewritten purely in the form of the Gram matrix: T ( Y ) = 1 2 N ∑ i , j | Y i − Y j | 2 = 1 2 N ∑ i , j ( Y i 2 + Y
Semidefinite_embedding
Periodic set of points
\mathbb {R} ^{m}} , its basis forms an m x n matrix whose volume can be computed using the Gram matrix: d ( Λ ) = det M t M {\displaystyle d(\Lambda
Lattice_(group)
Matrix decomposition
L being a lower triangular matrix. There are several methods for actually computing the QR decomposition, such as the Gram–Schmidt process, Householder
QR_decomposition
Inner product of a surface in 3D, induced by the dot product
formula. Metric tensor Second fundamental form Third fundamental form Tautological one-form Gram matrix First Fundamental Form — from Wolfram MathWorld
First_fundamental_form
Matrix representing a Euclidean rotation
rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix R = [
Rotation_matrix
Vector with non-negative entries that add up to one
where G {\displaystyle G} is the Gram matrix G i j = v i ⋅ v j {\displaystyle G_{ij}=v_{i}\cdot v_{j}} . This Gram matrix has determinant n {\displaystyle
Probability_vector
Integral lattice of determinant 1 or –1
positive. The determinant of a lattice is the determinant of the Gram matrix, a matrix with entries (ai, aj), where the elements ai form a basis for the
Unimodular_lattice
Topics referred to by the same term
biology Sum of squares and cross products matrix, another name for the normal matrix or Gram matrix in the matrix formulation of ordinary least squares Sethusamudram
SSCP
Statistical model
functions, take a multivariate Gaussian whose covariance matrix parameter is the Gram matrix of those N points with some desired kernel, and sample from
Gaussian_process
Signal processing computational method
centering, the Gram matrix is computed as: ( X ∗ ) T X ∗ = Q D Q T , {\displaystyle (X^{*})^{T}X^{*}=Q\,D\,Q^{T},} where D is a diagonal matrix with positive
Independent component analysis
Independent_component_analysis
Subfield of convex optimization
× n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix M {\displaystyle M} is said to be positive semidefinite if it is the Gram matrix of some vectors (i.e. if there
Semidefinite_programming
whether a form is SOS via an LMI. The matrix H + L ( α ) {\displaystyle H+L(\alpha )} is also known as a Gram matrix. Consider m = 2 {\displaystyle m=2}
Polynomial_SOS
Algebra describing 2D conformal symmetry
h}} has the same matrix as the Shapovalov form S L , L ′ ( c , h ) {\displaystyle S_{L,L'}(c,h)} , now interpreted as a Gram matrix. The representation
Virasoro_algebra
Models used to produce word embeddings
continuous skip-gram architecture, the model uses the current word to predict the surrounding window of context words. The skip-gram architecture weighs
Word2vec
Mathematical function generalizing the determinant and permanent
group. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the immanant of a Gram matrix to be 0 {\displaystyle 0} are given by Gamas's Theorem. The immanant
Immanant
American mathematician
polynomials. In joint work with M.D. Choi and T. Y. Lam, he developed the Gram matrix method for writing real polynomials as sums of squares; this method has
Bruce_Reznick
German computer scientist
which the kernel is defined need not be vectorial, as long as the kernel Gram matrix is positive definite. Both insights together led to the foundation of
Bernhard_Schölkopf
Theory in computational chemistry
from the true density matrix, may be rewritten as a Gram matrix, and an iterative algorithm is used to minimize the Gram matrix and solve the QP. From
Natural_resonance_theory
Chart of correlation statistics
{Y}}\end{bmatrix}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times N}} We then compute the Gram matrix Q = X ⊤ X {\displaystyle Q=X^{\top }X} . Finally, c h {\displaystyle
Correlogram
Process of finding a spatial transformation that aligns two point clouds
the algorithm can be accelerated regardless of the Gaussianity of a Gram matrix to define motion coherence, (3) the algorithm is more robust against
Point-set_registration
positive semi-definite of rank d and thus can be represented as the Gram matrix of the inner products of n vectors in euclidean d-space. As these vectors
Two-graph
Classification in abstract algebra
\end{cases}}} Here det q {\displaystyle \det q} is the determinant of a Gram matrix, viewed in F × / F × 2 {\displaystyle F^{\times }/F^{\times 2}} . In
Classification of Clifford algebras
Classification_of_Clifford_algebras
Open convex self-dual cones
the largest k such that Fk(a) ≠ 0 where Fk(a) is the determinant of a Gram matrix: F k ( a ) = det 0 ≤ m , n < k ( a m , a n ) . {\displaystyle \displaystyle
Symmetric_cone
American actor (born 1986)
drama The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020), and Morpheus / Agent Smith in The Matrix Resurrections (2021). For his portrayal of Cal Abar / Doctor Manhattan in
Yahya_Abdul-Mateen_II
Type of fair division of resources
particular hyper envy-free cake allocation exists. The algorithm uses the Gram matrix of the instance. Barbanel, Julius B. (1996-01-01). "Super Envy-Free Cake
Super_envy-freeness
{\displaystyle X^{\text{tr}}AX\equiv A\ {\bmod {\ }}p^{r}} where A is the Gram matrix of f, or in other words the order of the automorphism group of the form
Smith–Minkowski–Siegel mass formula
Smith–Minkowski–Siegel_mass_formula
First disc record label
left Berliner Gram-O-Phone and founded the Compo Company. Herbert's younger brother, Edgar, continued as chief executive of Berliner Gram-o-phone. In 1924
Berliner_Gramophone
Numerical methods for matrix eigenvalue calculation
finding the eigenvalues of a matrix. These eigenvalue algorithms may also find eigenvectors. Given an n × n square matrix A of real or complex numbers
Eigenvalue_algorithm
Ionization technique
spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy-absorbing matrix to create ions
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption/ionization
Mathematical process dealing with Lie groups
square real matrix can be written as a product of an orthogonal matrix and an upper triangular matrix (QR decomposition, a consequence of Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization)
Iwasawa_decomposition
{\displaystyle S_{M}^{G}=\left\{s_{1},\dots ,s_{m}\right\}} . Define the gram matrix K G = ( Φ m G ) T Φ m G . {\displaystyle K_{G}=\left(\Phi _{m}^{G}\right)^{T}\Phi
Proto-value_function
Catalase-positive bacterium
Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal
Bacillus_subtilis
Method of decomposing a set of matrices via low-rank approximation
have been centered. In PCA/SVD, we construct covariance matrix F {\displaystyle F} and Gram matrix G {\displaystyle G} F = X X T {\displaystyle F=XX^{\mathsf
Two-dimensional singular-value decomposition
Two-dimensional_singular-value_decomposition
Numerical method in quantum field theory
G i j = ⟨ i | j ⟩ {\displaystyle G_{ij}=\langle i|j\rangle } is the Gram matrix of the theory. In this formulation, the eigenstates of the truncated
Hamiltonian_truncation
Vector satisfying some of the criteria of an eigenvector
algebra, a generalized eigenvector of an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix A {\displaystyle A} is a vector which satisfies certain criteria which are
Generalized_eigenvector
Region between the inner and outer membrane
concentrated gel-like matrix in the space between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and the bacterial outer membrane called the periplasmic space in Gram-negative (more
Periplasm
Social media platform owned by Meta
third-party clients have been prohibited from using the text strings "insta" or "gram" in their name. It was reported that these changes were primarily intended
Type of discrete orthogonal polynomials
In mathematics, discrete Chebyshev polynomials, or Gram polynomials, are a type of discrete orthogonal polynomials used in approximation theory, introduced
Discrete Chebyshev polynomials
Discrete_Chebyshev_polynomials
Hard keratin protection of digit
plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it. The nail matrix is the active tissue (or germinal matrix) that generates
Nail_(anatomy)
Matrices named after Élie Cartan
In mathematics, the term Cartan matrix has three meanings. All of these are named after the French mathematician Élie Cartan. Amusingly, the Cartan matrices
Cartan_matrix
Algorithm for solving systems of linear equations
procedure the matrix will be in row echelon form and the corresponding system may be solved by back substitution. Fangcheng (mathematics) Gram–Schmidt process
Gaussian_elimination
Outermost layer of some cells
cell wall in bacteria, called gram-positive and gram-negative. The names originate from the reaction of cells to the Gram stain, a test long-employed for
Cell_wall
Mathematical operation on vectors in 3D space
of a determinant of a special 3 × 3 matrix. According to Sarrus's rule, this involves multiplications between matrix elements identified by crossed diagonals
Cross_product
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
O-acetyl groups on carbon-6 of some muramic acid residues. The matrix substances in the walls of gram-positive bacteria may be polysaccharides or teichoic acids
Bacterial_cell_structure
Conjecture on zeros of the zeta function
Reprinted in (Borwein et al. 2008). Hanga, Catalin (2020), Random matrix models for Gram's law (phd), University of York Hardy, G. H. (1914), "Sur les Zéros
Riemann_hypothesis
Polymer in bacterial cell walls
peptidoglycan layer is substantially thicker in gram-positive bacteria (20 to 80 nanometers) than in gram-negative bacteria (7 to 8 nanometers). Depending
Peptidoglycan
Polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope in many bacteria
cause of various diseases. The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria—is different from the second lipid membrane –
Bacterial_capsule
Calculation of relative masses of reactants and products in chemical reactions
represented in a more compact form called the stoichiometry matrix. The stoichiometry matrix is denoted by the symbol N. If a reaction network has n reactions
Stoichiometry
Triangular matrix Tridiagonal matrix Block matrix Sparse matrix Hessenberg matrix Hessian matrix Vandermonde matrix Stochastic matrix Toeplitz matrix Circulant
Outline_of_linear_algebra
American rapper and record producer (born 1971)
This was followed by Still Reportin'... in 2003. In 2005, he released Thug Matrix independently and also released an album as a member of the group Black
Tragedy_Khadafi
Tetracycline-class antibiotic
tetracycline antibiotics, doxycycline is indicated for susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections
Doxycycline
Quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
1 c 2 1 | . {\displaystyle K=\left|{\begin{matrix}a_{1}&a_{2}&1\\b_{1}&b_{2}&1\\c_{1}&c_{2}&1\end{matrix}}\right|.} To prove that the diagonals of a
Parallelogram
Chemical compound
Poly(ethylenimine) is also an effective permeabilizer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Both linear and branched polyethylenimine have been used
Polyethylenimine
Method of data analysis
precision round-off errors accumulated in each iteration and matrix deflation by subtraction. A Gram–Schmidt re-orthogonalization algorithm is applied to both
Principal_component_analysis
Statistical model of language
previously superseded the purely statistical models, such as the word n-gram language model. Noam Chomsky did pioneering work on language models in the
Language_model
Enzyme
Interstitial collagenase, also known as fibroblast collagenase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP1
Interstitial_collagenase
Rifle cartridge
were soon introduced: a 100-grain (6.5 gram) hollow-point bullet for varmint shooting, and a 150 grain (9.7 gram) bullet, offering a higher sectional density
.270_Winchester
Film of microorganisms on a surface
microorganisms in which cells that are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) adhere to each other and/or
Biofilm
Iterative method for approximating eigenvectors
} The columns of this matrix are not in general orthogonal, but we can extract an orthogonal basis, via a method such as Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization
Arnoldi_iteration
1996 cell phone model
designed for the business market and was one of the smallest and lightest (152 grams) phones on the market, but still had better battery life than its predecessor
Nokia_8110
Branch of mathematics
linear space with a basis. Arthur Cayley introduced matrix multiplication and the inverse matrix in 1856, making possible the general linear group. The
Linear_algebra
Eigenvalue algorithm
as the power method) is an eigenvalue algorithm: given a diagonalizable matrix A {\displaystyle A} , the algorithm will produce a number λ {\displaystyle
Power_iteration
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
linearly scaling fast weight controller (1992) learns to compute a weight matrix for further processing depending on the input. One of its two networks has
Transformer_(deep_learning)
71st 0 1 When Life Departs 1997 71st 0 1 American Beauty 1999 72nd 5 8 The Matrix 1999 72nd 4 4 The Cider House Rules 1999 72nd 2 7 Topsy-Turvy 1999 72nd
List of Academy Award–nominated films
List_of_Academy_Award–nominated_films
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
synthesized) per day. As one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, it contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and is
Hyaluronic_acid
Biological mechanism for routing proteins
targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Proteins targeted to the mitochondrial matrix first involves interactions between the matrix targeting sequence located
Protein_targeting
Pictorial representation of symmetry
symmetric matrix M which has 1s on its diagonal. (Thus each generator r i {\displaystyle r_{i}} has order 2.) This matrix M, the Coxeter matrix, completely
Coxeter–Dynkin_diagram
Multienzyme complex
stearothermophilus, which is a species of gram-positive bacteria. Despite similarities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with gram-positive bacteria, there is little
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_complex
Species of bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Continuous range of values, such as wavelengths in physics
neurodevelopmental disorders. In mathematics, the spectrum of a matrix is the multiset of the eigenvalues of the matrix. In functional analysis, the concept of the spectrum
Spectrum
Method in natural language processing
include neural networks, dimensionality reduction on the word co-occurrence matrix, probabilistic models, explainable knowledge base method, and explicit representation
Word_embedding
(ER), peroxisome, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear matrix and ribosomes. Bacteria also have subcellular localizations that can be
Subcellular_localization
Organisms that contribute to gum disease
interact with the host. As an instance, commensal microbiota, which are mostly Gram-positive facultative anaerobes like Streptococcus and Actinomyces species
Periodontal_pathogen
GRAM MATRIX
GRAM MATRIX
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for someone with gray hair or a gray beard, from Old English græg ‘gray’. In Scotland and Ireland it has been used as a translation of various Gaelic surnames derived from riabhach ‘brindled’, ‘gray’ (see Reavey). In North America this name has assimilated names with similar meaning from other European languages.English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Graye in Calvados, France, named from the Gallo-Roman personal name Gratus, meaning ‘welcome’, ‘pleasing’ + the locative suffix -acum.French and Swiss French : habitational name from Gray in Haute-Saône and Le Gray in Seine-Maritime, both in France, or from Gray-la-ville in Switzerland, or a regional name from the Swiss canton of Graubünden.A leading English family called Grey, holders of the earldom of Stamford, can be traced to Henry de Grey, who was granted lands at Thurrock, Essex, by Richard I (1189–99). They once held great power, and Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk (1517–54), married a granddaughter of Henry VII. Because of this he felt entitled to claim the throne for his daughter, Lady Jane Grey (1537–54), after the death of Henry VIII. For this, and for his part in Wyatt’s rebellion, both he and his daughter were beheaded.
Boy/Male
English Teutonic Biblical Sanskrit
Ram.
Girl/Female
Latin
Gray; gray-haired.
Girl/Female
German Latin
Gray; gray-haired.
Girl/Female
Latin German
Gray; gray-haired.
Female
Polish
Polish name of Lithuanian origin, GRAŻYNA means "beautiful."
Girl/Female
Latin
Gray; gray-haired.
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : nickname for a dour and forbidding person, from Middle Dutch grim, grem ‘stern’, ‘severe’.English : nickname with the same meaning as 1, from Old English grim ‘fierce’, ‘grim’.Respelling of German Grimm.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Ram named rock
Male
Hebrew
(×ַרָ×) Hebrew name ARAM means "exalted." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a grandson of Noah. It is also an ancient name for Syria. Compare with other forms of Aram.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Gray 1.German : dialect variant of Grau.
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Lord Ram
Boy/Male
Latin Anglo Saxon English Norse
Grain.
Male
Hebrew
(רָ×) Hebrew name RAM means "high." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a son of Hezron.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, Latin, Norse
Grand Home; Warring; Grain
Male
Greek
(ἈÏάμ) Greek form of Hebrew Ram, ARAM means "high." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of an ancestor of Jesus. Compare with other forms of Aram.
Boy/Male
Celtic American English Welsh
Gray.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from a byname for someone having gray hair or a beard, from Old English græg, GRAY means "grey."
Female
Portuguese
Portuguese name GRAÇA means "graceful."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German
Gray-haired
GRAM MATRIX
GRAM MATRIX
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Mind; Vassal; Heart; Saul
Boy/Male
Muslim
Devotee
Girl/Female
Tamil
Perfect, Blameless
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pathanjali | பதஂஜலி
Famous Yoga philosopher, The author of Yoga sutras
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
To Live Somewhere
Girl/Female
Tamil
Night, Flower
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Greenery
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Joy
Boy/Male
Indian
Comprehension
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon
GRAM MATRIX
GRAM MATRIX
GRAM MATRIX
GRAM MATRIX
GRAM MATRIX
superl.
White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove.
n.
Alt. of Gramme
n.
The East Indian name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.
superl.
Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.
a.
Having a gray color with a silvery luster; as, silver-gray hair.
a.
Of a dark gray, like slate.
n.
A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.
n.
The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a tup.
n.
An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.
v. t.
To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket; to cram a room with people.
n.
An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon.
a.
Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken.
n.
As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison.
n.
A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic.
a.
Angry.
a.
Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim.
superl.
Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames.
n.
Information hastily memorized; as, a cram from an examination.
v. t.
To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc.