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A gap junction modulator is a compound or agent that either facilitates or inhibits the transfer of small molecules between biological cells by regulating
Gap_junction_modulator
Cell-cell junction composed of innexins or connexins
Gap junctions are membrane channels between adjacent cells that allow the direct exchange of cytoplasmic substances, such as small molecules, substrates
Gap_junction
Gap junction modulation describes the functional manipulation of gap junctions, specialized channels that allow direct electrical and chemical communication
Gap_junction_modulation
Topics referred to by the same term
Luxembourg-based association Gap junction enhancer, subcategory of gap junction modulators in biology Gap junction ε, subcategory of gap junction proteins This disambiguation
GJE
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gap junction beta-6 protein (GJB6), also known as connexin 30 (Cx30) — is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJB6 gene. Connexin 30 (Cx30) is one
GJB6
Potential energy barrier in metal–semiconductor junctions
potential energy barrier for electrons formed at a metal–semiconductor junction. Schottky barriers have rectifying characteristics, suitable for use as
Schottky_barrier
are the gap junctions, which are made of connexins which serve important functions in distribution and connection between cells; the gap junctions enable
Hensen's_cell
High-voltage pulse generator
Multichannel-Surface-Spark-Gap-Type Marx Generator for Fast Discharge Lasers", IEEE Conference Record of the 1980 Fourteenth Pulse Power Modulator Symposium, pp. 201–208
Marx_generator
Alloy
and modulators) in C-band communications systems[citation needed]. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE reported a triple-junction solar
Indium gallium arsenide phosphide
Indium_gallium_arsenide_phosphide
Single-cell layer lining the intestines
of cell junction which can be identified at the ultrastructural level: Gap junctions Desmosomes Adherens junctions Tight junctions Gap junctions bring the
Intestinal_epithelium
Cell type
present at neuromuscular junctions. It is suggested that they might play a role in forming and maintaining synapses or modulating synaptic signaling. Griffin
Nonmyelinating_Schwann_cell
Protein hexamer that forms the pore of gap junctions between cells
an assembly of six proteins called connexins that form the pore for a gap junction between the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells. This channel allows for
Connexon
into 3D networks which are able to communicate intracellularly through gap junction-mediated calcium wave propagation. Experiments using two main FS cell
Folliculostellate_cell
Species of jellyfish
"Extract from the zooxanthellate jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata modulates gap junction intercellular communication in human cell cultures". Marine Drugs
Cotylorhiza_tuberculata
Protein found in humans
nucleotide exchange factor), GEF-H1, Tiam1 and GAPs to the epithelial junction during the formation of cell-cell junction. The regulation of these GTPases is crucial
Cingulin-like_protein_1
Protein family
the invertebrate innexins. While innexins are responsible for forming gap junctions in invertebrates, the pannexins have been shown to predominantly exist
Pannexin
Medical condition
Garcia-Dorado D, Inserte J, Ruiz-Meana M, et al. (November 1997). "Gap junction uncoupler heptanol prevents cell-to-cell progression of hypercontracture
Contraction_band_necrosis
Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
Taylor, Antoinette J. (2009). "A metamaterial solid-state terahertz phase modulator" (PDF). Nature Photonics. 3 (3): 148. Bibcode:2009NaPho...3..148C. CiteSeerX 10
Terahertz_radiation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gap junction alpha-5 protein (GJA5), also known as connexin 40 (Cx40) — is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJA5 gene. This gene is a member
GJA5
Type of field-effect transistor
is a field-effect transistor incorporating a junction between two materials with different band gaps (i.e. a heterojunction) as the channel instead
High-electron-mobility transistor
High-electron-mobility_transistor
Site where a motor neuron releases a neurotransmitter to affect a target cell
bundles rather than single smooth muscle cells that are connected by gap junctions which allow electrotonic spread of activity between cells. A multiplicity
Neuroeffector_junction
Overview of and topical guide to electronics
modelling Direct band gap Electronic band structure Energy level Exciton Field-effect transistors Metal–semiconductor junction MOSFETs N-type semiconductor
Outline_of_electronics
Two-terminal electronic component
diode formed from a direct band-gap semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide, charge carriers that cross the junction emit photons when they recombine
Diode
Electrical resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla
[clarification needed] Originally, Tesla coils used fixed spark gaps or rotary spark gaps to provide intermittent excitation of the resonant circuit; more
Tesla_coil
Group of neurons on the floor of the midbrain
have a large network of GABAergic neurons that are interconnected via gap junctions. This network allows for electrical conduction, which is considerably
Ventral_tegmental_area
Semiconductor light source
photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors
Light-emitting_diode
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
electronics. Electronics portal Alpha cutoff frequency Band gap Digital electronics Diffused junction transistor Moore's law Optical transistor Magneto-electric
Transistor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 2 3 General bacterial porin family Cytoplasm: Gap junction Connexin A GJA1 GJA3 GJA4 GJA5 GJA8 GJA9 GJA10 B GJB1 GJB2 GJB3 GJB4
TRPM3
Form of nervous system communication
other special cases. As models of brain function using only neuronal and gap junction connections fail to explain its complexity, ephaptic coupling is being
Ephaptic_coupling
Term in mesoscopic physics
small electronic device comprising at least one low-capacitance tunnel junction. Because of the CB, the conductance of a device may not be constant at
Coulomb_blockade
Early radio receiver component
wide band gap of 3 eV, so to make the detector more sensitive a forward bias voltage of around a volt was usually applied across the junction by a battery
Crystal_detector
Regulation of neurons by neurotransmitters
the reuptake of dopamine, leaving these neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap for longer. AMPT prevents the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor
Neuromodulation
heart failure. Additionally, the ability of intracrine Ang II to modulate gap junctions and ion channels highlights its potential role in electrical remodeling
Intracrine_signaling
Optical diode invented by Jun-Ichi Nishizawa
photodiodes and phototransistors (in which the base-collector junction is a PIN diode), use a PIN junction in their construction. The diode design has some design
PIN_diode
Cell signaling pathway
Zarich N, Oliva JL, Martínez N, et al. (Aug 2006). "Grb2 is a negative modulator of the intrinsic Ras-GEF activity of hSos1". Molecular Biology of the
MAPK/ERK_pathway
Activation of tension-generating sites in muscle
by gap junctions, they are able to contract as a functional syncytium. Single-unit smooth muscle cells contract myogenically, which can be modulated by
Muscle_contraction
Biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent
neurons that is formed at a narrow gap between the pre- and postsynaptic cells, known as a gap junction. At gap junctions, cells approach within about 3.5 nm
Chemical_synapse
Type of transistor
wide-band-gap material forms the isolation between gate and body. The MESFET (metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor) substitutes the p–n junction of the
Field-effect_transistor
Channel between two cells
between two cells through which molecules may travel and gap junctions and tight junctions may be present. Most notably, intercellular clefts are often
Intercellular_cleft
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
adapter proteins Patj or Muc-1. When it is active it helps promote tight junction stabilization. siRNA inhibition of PLKHG5 has been shown to inhibit the
PLEKHG5
Semiconductor chemical compound used in solar cells
optical window. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p–n junction solar PV cell. CdTe is used to make thin film solar cells, accounting for
Cadmium_telluride
Protein family
GTP. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) regulate small GTPases, with GAPs promoting the GDP-bound (inactive)
Rap1
Type of solid state switch
a vertical PNP bipolar junction transistor. This additional p+ region creates a cascade connection of a PNP bipolar junction transistor with the surface
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
for band gap engineering. Germanium layer also inhibits diffusion of boron during the annealing steps, allowing ultrashallow p-MOSFET junctions. Germanium
Doping_(semiconductor)
Branch of neuroscience
chemical. Electrical synapses are characterized by the formation of gap junctions that allow ions and other organic compound to instantaneously pass from
Cellular_neuroscience
Early radio wave detector
tin-plate toy manufacturer Matsudaya Toy Co. who beginning 1957 used a spark-gap transmitter and coherer-based receiver in a range of radio-controlled (RC)
Coherer
homology of IQGAP’s GAP domain to sar1 and the fact that IQGAP1 binds Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, IQGAP does not actually have GAP function. Instead, it
IQGAP1
Electric current produced in living cells
individual cells propagate across distances via electrical synapses known as gap junctions (conductors), which allow cells to share their resting potential with
Developmental_bioelectricity
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 2 3 General bacterial porin family Cytoplasm: Gap junction Connexin A GJA1 GJA3 GJA4 GJA5 GJA8 GJA9 GJA10 B GJB1 GJB2 GJB3 GJB4
TRPM5
Protein and coding gene in humans
Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 2 3 General bacterial porin family Cytoplasm: Gap junction Connexin A GJA1 GJA3 GJA4 GJA5 GJA8 GJA9 GJA10 B GJB1 GJB2 GJB3 GJB4
TRPC3
Concept in quantum mechanics
made up of alternating thin layers of semiconductors with different band-gaps should exhibit interesting and useful properties. Since then, much effort
Quantum_well
Semiconductor materials are nominally small band gap insulators. The defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be compromised by doping
List of semiconductor materials
List_of_semiconductor_materials
Medical condition
dissociate from each other. This in turn leads to the breakdown of gap-junctions. Gap junctions in endothelial cells in the BBB help prevent large or harmful
Pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
Pathophysiology_of_Parkinson's_disease
Study of silicon applications in optics
the optical domain using an electro-optic modulator or a directly modulated laser. An electro-optic modulator can vary the intensity and/or the phase of
Silicon_photonics
Type of superconducting quantum bit
barrier. For a junction with identical superconductors on either side of the barrier, the critical current is related to the superconducting gap Δ {\displaystyle
Phase_qubit
Overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system
specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapse Gap junction Synaptic
Outline of the human nervous system
Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
Chemical compound
both mice and humans. One study showed that cypermethrin inhibits “gap junctional intercellular communication”, which plays an important role in cell
Cypermethrin
Brain parts regulating brain blood flow
then retroactively propagate the vasodilatory signal upstream through gap junctions, causing smooth muscle cells to relax and increase blood flow to the
Neurovascular_unit
Nonlinear optical effect
graphene microwave photonics devices such as: microwave saturable absorber, modulator, polarizer, microwave signal processing, broad-band wireless access networks
Saturable_absorption
function by propagating graded potentials and serve to modulate some neuromuscular junctions. Spiking neurons are noted as traditional action potential
Non-spiking_neuron
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
dysfunction, as well as alterations in desmosome protein content and gap junction remodeling. Hearts also exhibited increases in β-catenin signaling. Further
Plakoglobin
Distortion of the perception of reality
and invariance. Thus, while trying to organize an image by "filling in the gaps" through assumptions, we become vulnerable to misinterpretation. An auditory
Illusion
Type of synapse
(June 2007). "Robust coding of flow-field parameters by axo-axonal gap junctions between fly visual interneurons". Proceedings of the National Academy
Axo-axonic_synapse
Pattern of chemical secretion in cells and tissues
beta cells that are connected by gap junctions, and the periodicity is more uniform (3–6 min). In addition to gap junctions, pulse coordination is managed
Pulsatile_secretion
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
quickly into a postsynaptic electrical signal. Many LICs are additionally modulated by allosteric ligands, by channel blockers, ions, or the membrane potential
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Physical phenomenon
by the work of Heinrich Hertz, starting in 1887, in which he used a spark-gap transmitter to generate radio waves that he showed correspond to electrical
Self-oscillation
Thin semiconductors
H.S. (2012). "MoS2 nanosheet phototransistors with thickness-modulated optical energy gap". Nano Letters. 12 (7): 3695–3700. Bibcode:2012NanoL..12.3695L
Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Transition_metal_dichalcogenide_monolayers
Cell division into two identical cells
Interphase is divided into three subphases: G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (second gap). During all three parts of interphase, the cell grows
Mitosis
2018 international rescue mission in Thailand
37-year-old former Thai Navy SEAL, made a dive from Chamber 3 to the T-junction close to Pattaya Beach to deliver three air tanks. During his return dive
Tham_Luang_cave_rescue
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
heterojunction. Such a junction could therefore form a component of a nanotube-based electronic circuit. The adjacent image shows a junction between two multiwalled
Carbon_nanotube
Multi-functional cells on the outer surface of microvascular endothelial cells
interlock, similar to the gears of a clock. At these interlocking sites, gap junctions can be formed, which allow the pericytes and neighboring cells to exchange
Pericyte
A trigatron is a type of triggerable spark gap switch designed for high current and high voltage (usually 10–100 kV and 20–100 kA, though devices in the
Trigatron
Semiconductor laser
directly with electrical current can create lasing conditions at the diode's junction. Driven by voltage, the doped p–n-transition allows for recombination of
Laser_diode
Serotonin receptor protein distributed mainly in the choroid plexus
subtypes 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C. Therefore, the 5-HT2C receptor is a significant modulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). The HPA axis is
5-HT2C_receptor
Pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions
Arbocco R, Frantseva MV, Perez Velazquez JL (2009). "Excitability and gap junction-mediated mechanisms in nucleus accumbens regulate self-stimulation reward
Brain_stimulation_reward
Line of stem cells for research
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) developed in 2018, treatment with a modulator of ER stress pathways called GSK2656157, an inhibitor of protein-kinase-R-like
Myelinoid
Peptides released by neurons as intercellular messengers
Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the gut, muscles, and heart. Neuropeptides
Neuropeptide
support measures – Electronics – Electro-optic effect – Electro-optic modulator – Electro-optics – Electrostatic discharge – Electrostatics – Emergency
Index_of_electronics_articles
Solid-state photodetector
mechanisms being exacerbated by trapping centres within the p-n junction's band gap structure the diode needs to have a "clean" process free of erroneous
Single-photon_avalanche_diode
Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane
1016/B978-0-323-10027-4.00004-X. ISBN 978-0-323-10027-4. Bennett, M.V.L. (2009). "Gap Junctions and Electrical Synapses". Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. pp. 529–548
Postsynaptic_potential
Chemical compound
is a modestly potent, reasonably effective, water-soluble blocker of gap junctions. Carbenoxolone has also been used in topical creams such as Carbosan
Carbenoxolone
American physicist and educator (1922–2018)
gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), and gallium phosphide (GaP) at room temperature and at 77 K. The first infrared LED patent, however
Rubin_Braunstein
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm
of electromagnetic waves, generating radio waves using a primitive spark gap radio transmitter. Hertz and the other early radio researchers were interested
Microwave
Type of second-generation solar cell
Layering thin-film cells to create a multi-junction solar cell can also be done. Each layer's band gap can be designed to best absorb a different range
Thin-film_solar_cell
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
terahertz photonics devices, such as a microwave-saturable absorber, modulator, polarizer, microwave signal processing, and broadband wireless access
Graphene
Protein found in humans
calcium-binding protein, calbindin-28kDa. Calretinin has an important role as a modulator of neuronal excitability including the induction of long-term potentiation
Calretinin
Central nervous system stimulant prodrug
Neurotherapeutics. 12 (1): 13–26. doi:10.1586/ern.11.175. PMID 22243042. The gap in ADHD therapy that LDX fills nicely deals with the need for consistent
Lisdexamfetamine
reported the first graphene-based optical modulator. Operating at 1.2 GHz without a temperature controller, this modulator has a broad bandwidth (from 1.3 to
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
Chemical compound
from experimental InGaN single-junction devices. In addition to controlling the optical properties, which results in band gap engineering, photovoltaic device
Indium_gallium_nitride
Recognition and understanding of another person's pain
area (EBA), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), ventral premotor cortex, and the posterior and inferior parietal
Pain_empathy
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
junction cells. By having multiple bandgaps in a single cell, it prevents the loss of photons above or below the band gap energy of a single junction
Perovskite_solar_cell
Family of transport proteins
Na+ in a voltage-dependent way, even if beta subunits or other known modulating proteins are not expressed. When accessory proteins assemble with α subunits
Voltage-gated_sodium_channel
Electronic component
uniform gap of thickness d {\displaystyle d} filled with a dielectric of permittivity ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } . It is assumed the gap d {\displaystyle
Capacitor
1966 single by the Beach Boys
harmonies, the lyrics, and even the title, which marks the broken place, the gap between the wish and the world." Among the other artists that have afforded
Wouldn't_It_Be_Nice
conclusion that he could develop a far more efficient system than the spark-gap transmitter and coherer receiver combination. To this end he worked on developing
History_of_radio
Semipermeable anatomical interface
cells to shrink, resulting in tight junctions stretching and paracellular gaps widening. Widened paracellular gaps can facilitate passage of larger molecules
Blood–spinal_cord_barrier
Accumulation of excess fluid in tissue
of up to 1.) If the gaps between the cells of the vessel wall open up then permeability to water is increased first, but as the gaps increase in size permeability
Edema
linking microtubules to tight junctions through CAMSAP3, and examined its significance in the regulation of GEFs and GAPs. She showed that kinase signaling
Sandra_Citi
an amplitude modulated light beam. In general, a photo-reflectometer consists of an intensity modulated "pump" light beam used to modulate the reflectivity
Photo-reflectance
Serotonin receptor protein distributed in the cerebrum and raphe nucleus
Minor Cannabinoid: Cannabicyclol (CBL) Is a Potent Positive Allosteric Modulator of Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor". J Nat Prod. 88 (1): 58–66. Bibcode:2025JNAtP
5-HT1A_receptor
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