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Drop in freezing temperature of a solvent due to the addition of solute
Freezing-point depression is a drop in the maximum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance
Freezing-point_depression
Temperature at which a solid turns liquid
referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to
Melting_point
Variety of osmometers
The freezing point depression osmometer is an osmometer that is used in determining a solution's osmotic concentration as its osmotically active aspects
Freezing point depression osmometer
Freezing_point_depression_osmometer
Chemical compound
against the cell wall. Calcium chloride's freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate
Calcium_chloride
Mass per amount of substance
M={{RT\rho } \over {p}}.} The freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent, and the freezing-point depression (ΔT) is directly proportional
Molar_mass
Physical phenomenon
the boiling point. Freezing-point depression is analogous to boiling point elevation, though the magnitude of freezing-point depression is higher for
Boiling-point_elevation
Properties of solutions that depend only on the number of solute particles
solvent freezing point become stable meaning that the freezing point decreases. Both the boiling point elevation and the freezing point depression are proportional
Colligative_properties
Freezing-point depression Boiling-point elevation List of cooling baths Eastman. E.D. and Rollefson, G.K. Physical Chemistry 1947 ed. McGraw-Hill p307
List of boiling and freezing information of solvents
List_of_boiling_and_freezing_information_of_solvents
Phenomenon in nanoscale materials
melting/freezing point depression due to very small particle size. For depression due to the mixture of another compound, see freezing-point depression. Melting-point
Melting-point_depression
Material property relating molality to freezing point depression
cryoscopic constant, Kf, relates the molality of a solution to its freezing point depression (which is a colligative property). It is the ratio of the latter
Cryoscopic_constant
Study of the effects of temperature on biology
Thermoregulation Extremophiles Biochemistry Enzyme kinetics Freezing point depression "Khan Academy". Khan Academy. Retrieved 2017-04-03. Boundless
Thermobiology
Device for measuring the osmotic strength of a solution, colloid, or compound
There are several different techniques employed in osmometry: Freezing point depression osmometers may also be used to determine the osmotic strength
Osmometer
Chemicals used to de-ice surfaces
the ice-melting process. Road salt lowers the freezing point of water through freezing-point depression and thus prevents ice formation, which in turn
Road_salt
Chemical and physical constant of materials
value from the cryoscopic constant (of freezing point depression). This property of elevation of boiling point is a colligative property. It means that
Ebullioscopic_constant
Lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid
liquid below its freezing point without it becoming solid. Freezing point depression is when a solution can be cooled below the freezing point of the corresponding
Supercooling
Liquid additive
additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments
Antifreeze
Mineral known as rock salt
than spreading dry salt because moisture is necessary for the freezing-point depression to work and wet salt sticks to the roads better. Otherwise the
Halite
Frozen dessert
Lactose, which is sugar present in milk, will cause freezing point depression. Thus, on freezing some water will remain unfrozen and will not give a hard
Ice_cream
Solutions of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases
results in significant freezing point depression as compared to the parent compounds. The extent of freezing point depression observed in DESs is well
Deep_eutectic_solvent
Liquid mixture used to maintain low temperatures
point of water is 0 °C. However, adding a salt such as sodium chloride will lower the temperature through the property of freezing-point depression.
Cooling_bath
Kitchen equipment for making ice cream
ice to melt and lowers the temperature in the process, due to freezing point depression. The temperature at which salt water freezes is lower than the
Ice_cream_maker
Storable hypergolic rocket fuel
2 °C. A mix of hydrazine and UDMH has a far lower freezing point due to freezing-point depression. In addition, UDMH is a more stable molecule; this
Aerozine_50
Model describing the departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas
can be applied also to dilute solutions of mixed electrolytes. Freezing point depression measurements has been used to this purpose. The treatment given
Debye–Hückel_theory
Blood test
analytical instrument called an osmometer. It works on the method of depression of freezing point.[citation needed] Osmolarity is affected by changes in water
Plasma_osmolality
Shallow salt lake in Antarctica
saltiest of the Antarctic lakes. This salinity causes significant freezing-point depression, allowing the pond to remain liquid even at temperatures as low
Don_Juan_Pond
Chemical compound
mixture, exhibiting freezing-point depression down as low as −56 °C under atmospheric pressure; pure water has a freezing point of 0 °C and pure hydrogen
Hydrogen_peroxide
Thin coating of glazed ice on a surface
chloride have been used for extremely cold temperatures since the freezing-point depression of their solutions is lower. At lower temperatures (below −18 °C
Black_ice
Energy to convert a liquid substance to a gas at a given pressure
Ge, Xinlei; Wang, Xidong (20 May 2009). "Estimation of Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, and Vaporization Enthalpies of Electrolyte Solutions"
Enthalpy_of_vaporization
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
However, the salt content of oceans lowers the freezing point by about 1.9 °C (due to freezing-point depression of a solvent containing a solute) and lowers
Properties_of_water
Chemical compound (PO(OH)3)
eutectic, exhibiting freezing-point depression as low as −85 °C. When the concentration of acid rises above 62.5% the freezing-point increases, reaching
Phosphoric_acid
Topics referred to by the same term
quick release vacuum flange Cryoscopic constant, Kf, related to freezing-point depression Karl Fischer titration Stability constants of complexes, abbreviated
KF
Mixture with a lower melting point than its constituents
}}}}\\\end{array}}\right]\end{array}}} Azeotrope, or constant boiling mixture Freezing-point depression Fusible alloy "eutectic". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster
Eutectic_system
Clear gel within the eyeball, between the lens and retina
7.4 to 7.52 No Osmolality 289.5 mOsm/kg Yes Osmotic pressure (Freezing-point depression) -0.554 to -0.518 °C No Density 1.0053 to 1.0089 g/cm3 No Intrinsic
Vitreous_body
Red-colored seep of saltwater flowing from Taylor Glacier in Antarctica
cold) Cryoconcentration of hypersaline brines Eutectic system Freezing-point depression Life on Mars Thiomicrorhabdus arctica "Explanation offered for
Blood_Falls
Job of removing snow
gritters who do some plowing but also salt the road. The salt, via freezing point depression, helps melt the snow and ice and also gives vehicles more traction
Snow_removal
Measure of solute effect
pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression. The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual
Van_'t_Hoff_factor
Molarity of osmotically active particles
which measures colligative properties, such as Freezing-point depression, Vapor pressure, or Boiling-point elevation. Osmolarity and tonicity are related
Osmotic_concentration
Difference between measured and calculated blood serum osmolality
mOsm/kg . Since laboratories measure serum solutes in terms of freezing point depression, the reported units are properly units of osmolality. When a measure
Osmol_gap
Chemical compound
room temperature), and because of this the freezing point depression can be quite high, with the eutectic point at −64 °C (−83 °F). It is sold under the
Magnesium_perchlorate
settling of particles within a solution or mixture. depression of freezing point See freezing-point depression. desiccant A hygroscopic substance used to induce
Glossary_of_chemistry_terms
Chemical compound
regular sugar, such as bulk, mouthfeel, browning capability, and freezing point depression. This makes it favorable for use as a sugar replacement in food
Allulose
Measure of electrostatic effect and how far it persists
und verwandte Erscheinungen" [The theory of electrolytes. I. Freezing point depression and related phenomenon] (PDF). Physikalische Zeitschrift. 24 (9)
Debye_length
Measure of the effective concentration of a species in a mixture
manipulation of colligative properties, specifically freezing point depression. Using freezing point depression techniques, it is possible to calculate the activity
Thermodynamic_activity
properties. On the other hand, some constants, such as Kf (the freezing point depression constant, or cryoscopic constant), depend on the identity of a
List of thermodynamic properties
List_of_thermodynamic_properties
Simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants
products in which it is used. Fructose has a greater effect on freezing point depression than disaccharides or oligosaccharides, which may protect the
Fructose
Oxide of silicon
minerals are melted with silica, the principle of freezing point depression lowers the melting point of the mixture and increases fluidity. The glass transition
Silicon_dioxide
Process by which a solid with a highly organized structure forms
cooling it to 0 °C (note that this is possible thanks to the freezing-point depression), the precipitation of a mass of sulfate occurs corresponding
Crystallization
Chemical compound
road deicer in the city of Ottawa from 1987 to 1988. The high freezing point depression e.g. in comparison to the still frequently used urea (which is
Sodium_formate
Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior
coefficient from the solvent activity, or vice versa. For example, freezing point depression measurements, or measurements of deviations from ideality for
Osmotic_coefficient
Method for refining substances based on differences in their solubility
structures to be released and separated. Since impurities cause freezing-point depression, less pure material tends to melt first, aiding in separation
Fractional crystallization (chemistry)
Fractional_crystallization_(chemistry)
German chemist (1869–1910)
Arrhenius at the Stockholm University. Abegg discovered the theory of freezing-point depression and anticipated Gilbert Newton Lewis's octet rule by revealing
Richard_Abegg
Pipe cleaning method
water supply industry". J.W.Meewisse and C.A.Infante Ferreira. "Freezing point depression of various ice slurries" Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ice_pigging
Rechargeable battery type often used in motor vehicles
water to replace any that has been lost in this way. Because of freezing-point depression, the electrolyte is more likely to freeze in a cold environment
Lead–acid_battery
Process of removing ice, snow, or frost from a surface
concentration. This temperature is below 0 °C, the freezing point of pure water (freezing point depression). Sometimes, there is an exothermic dissolution
Deicing
Topics referred to by the same term
Flame-photometric detector Flat-panel detector Flat-panel display Freezing-point depression Liga FPD (Costa Rican top-level football league) This disambiguation
FPD
Aqueous cation H3O+
in part because many different meanings of solvation exist. A freezing-point depression study determined that the mean hydration ion in cold water is
Hydronium
Species of moth
trees. Larvae have antifreeze proteins that give them a strong freezing point depression. This allows them to survive low temperatures in the winter. It
Campaea_perlata
American plant scientist (1884–1949)
application of innovative techniques such as the hydrogen electrode and freezing-point depression played a central role in measuring plant and soil reactions. His
Dennis_Robert_Hoagland
Measure of urine concentration
urine. Osmolality is measured by osmometer, which evaluates the freezing point depression of a solution and supplies results as milliosmoles per kilogram
Urine_osmolality
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
8—Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density, Refractive Index, Freezing Point Depression, and Viscosity. Lide 2003, 6.186. Water in Linstrom, Peter J.;
Water
Genetic process
functionality. The new gene is now capable of noncolligative freezing-point depression, and thus is neofunctionalized. This specialization allows Antarctic
Neofunctionalization
Chemical compound involving ionic bonding
including increasing the osmotic pressure, and causing freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation. Because the solutes are charged ions they
Salt_(chemistry)
Plants that grow at high elevation
also avoid the freezing of their exposed tissues by increasing the number of solutes in their tissues, known as freezing-point depression. Another, somewhat
Alpine_plant
8—Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density, Refractive Index, Freezing Point Depression, and Viscosity. ISBN 9780849304842. The International Association
Optical properties of water and ice
Optical_properties_of_water_and_ice
Toxicity from too much ethylene glycol
the osmolal gap. The person's serum osmolality is measured by freezing point depression and then compared with the predicted osmolality based on the person's
Ethylene_glycol_poisoning
Thermoanalytical technique
temperatures below those at which crystallization can occur. Freezing-point depression can be used as a purity analysis tool when analysed by differential
Differential scanning calorimetry
Differential_scanning_calorimetry
Chemical compound
Density, kg/L Concentration, mol/L refractive index (at 589 nm) Freezing point depression, °C relative to water Viscosity, 10−3 Pa·s 0.5 – 0.030 1.3334
Caesium_chloride
German pharmacist and chemist (1853–1923)
Beckmann used the methods of ebullioscopy (boiling-point elevation) and cryoscopy (freezing-point depression) to determine the molecular masses of several
Ernst_Otto_Beckmann
French physical chemist (1830–1901)
hypothesis of electrolytic dissociation in solutions. Raoult's freezing-point depression method became even more useful after it was improved by Ernst
François-Marie_Raoult
Temperature below which condensation occurs
dew point. When the temperature is below the freezing point of water, the dew point is called the frost point, as frost is formed via deposition rather than
Dew_point
Salts of manganese and the nitride ion
freezing point depression, with a eutectic point estimated near 1213 °C and 4 at% nitrogen. Further addition of nitrogen increases the melting point to
Manganese_nitrides
Chemical compound
water. Thorium nitrate dissolved in water lowers it freezing point. The maximum freezing point depression is −37 °C (−35 °F) with a concentration of 2.9 mol/kg
Thorium(IV)_nitrate
Genus of fishes
functionality. The new gene is now capable of noncolligative freezing-point depression, and thus is neofunctionalized. This specialization allows Antarctic
Lycodichthys
variable and can be determined based strictly on temperature—see freezing point depression. There are empirical formulas relating sea ice temperature to
Sea_ice_growth_processes
Vehicle used to clear snow and ice
the impeller from the hopper. Salt reduces the melting point of ice by freezing-point depression, causing it to melt at lower temperatures and run off
Winter_service_vehicle
Instrument for measuring a liquid's boiling point
(On the method for the determination of molecular weights by freezing point depression), Zeitschrift der Physikalische Chemie, 2 : 638-715; see especially
Ebullioscope
und verwandte Erscheinungen" [The theory of electrolytes. I. Freezing point depression and related phenomenon]. Physikalische Zeitschrift. 24 (9). Translated
Conductivity_(non-aqueous)
Scottish chemist
constants of acids and bases, and measured molecular weights by freezing point depression. While he is personally credited with no truly major discoveries
James_Walker_(chemist)
relative lowering in vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point and freezing point depression. The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration
List_of_Dutch_discoveries
pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression. The Van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual
Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z
cooking and laboratory ware (Duran), and glasses with reduced freezing-point depression for mercury thermometers. Subsequently, English and Gehlhoff et
Calculation of glass properties
Calculation_of_glass_properties
Type of weather warning
inches (7.6 cm) or more with significant accumulation of ice (sleet or freezing rain). In the Southern United States, where severe winter weather is much
Winter_storm_warning
Phenomenon in physics
liquids contained within porous media, this leads to a depression in the freezing point / melting point that is inversely proportional to the pore size, as
Gibbs–Thomson_equation
Instrument for measuring humidity
moist with distilled water on a sock or wick. At temperatures above the freezing point of water, evaporation of water from the wick lowers the temperature
Hygrometer
Simplest secondary alcohol
boiling point of 80.37 °C and is characterized by its slightly bitter taste. Isopropyl alcohol becomes viscous at lower temperatures, freezing at −89.5 °C
Isopropyl_alcohol
Severe weather statement indicating an observed violent tornado in the warned area
and eye-catching phrases needed to be included in the products. At one point we used the phrase 'Tornado Emergency' to paint the picture that a rare
Tornado_emergency
Economic disaster
The 1998–2002 Argentine great depression was an economic depression in Argentina, which began in the third quarter of 1998 and lasted until the second
1998–2002 Argentine great depression
1998–2002_Argentine_great_depression
Type of gait due to Parkinson's disease
negative effect of psychosocial factors, like anxiety or depression, that can worsen freezing of gait or tremor in Parkinson's patients. Based on that
Parkinsonian_gait
Storm warning phrase
Bay... Point Lookout... Coltons Point... Saint Clements Bay... Coles Point... Mouth Of The Potomac River... Saint George Island... White Point Beach.
Particularly dangerous situation
Particularly_dangerous_situation
Weather forecast including a warning of a gale-force winds
headlands of Ireland (e.g. Fair Head, Malin Head, Mizen Head, Carnsore Point) defining stretches of coast.[citation needed] In Canada, the Meteorological
Gale_warning
pores melt at a lower temperature than the bulk liquid : The melting point depression is inversely proportional to the pore size. The technique is closely
Thermoporometry and cryoporometry
Thermoporometry_and_cryoporometry
Mountain in Colorado, United States
rock that remains at or below freezing temperatures all year to depths of up to 200 feet (61 m), only warming above freezing in direct sunlight or due to
Pikes_Peak
Capacity loss in rechargeable batteries
when not in use (that is, storage) is achieved by refrigerating (without freezing) while charged to 30%–50% SoC. To prevent overdischarge, battery should
Memory_effect
1981 film by Alan Alda
rescue him, although the car falls through the ice and sinks into the freezing water. The friends reconcile and walk back to the lodge, with Kate jokingly
The_Four_Seasons_(1981_film)
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
price increases for food supplies such as meat, rice, and other staples, freezing Iranian assets abroad, suspending arms transactions, and imposing penalties
2026_Iran_war
Type of wind warning
the threshold was 32 to 38 miles per hour (or 28 to 33 knots). At some point, the lower limit was reduced to 23 miles per hour (20 knots). Today, however
Small_craft_advisory
City in North Carolina, United States
the southern market. An agricultural depression in the 1890s drove farm workers to developing towns like High Point looking for industrial jobs. Factories
High_Point,_North_Carolina
plains and depressions in the east and the south. The Khüiten Peak in extreme western Mongolia on the Chinese border is the highest point (4,374 m (14
Geography_of_Mongolia
Chemical compound
reagents stored at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) due to the depression of the freezing temperature. It is also used as a cryoprotectant where the glycerol
Glycerol
Boundary of advancing mass of warm air
surface location of a warm front is marked with a red line of semicircles pointing in the direction of travel. Air masses are large bodies of air with similar
Warm_front
FREEZING POINT-DEPRESSION
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