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Terminology used in computer graphics
In computer graphics, fixed-function is a term primarily used to describe 3D graphics APIs and GPUs designed prior to the advent of programmable shaders
Fixed-function (computer graphics)
Fixed-function_(computer_graphics)
American computer technology company
Caustic Graphics was a computer graphics and fabless semiconductor company that developed technologies to bring real-time ray-traced computer graphics to the
Caustic_Graphics
a glossary of terms relating to computer graphics. For more general computer hardware terms, see glossary of computer hardware terms. Contents 0–9 A B
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
Specialized electronic circuit that accelerates graphics
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed for digital image processing and to accelerate computer graphics, being present
Graphics_processing_unit
professional and social conduct. computer graphics Pictures and films created using computers. Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created
Glossary_of_computer_science
Sub-field of computer science
three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional computer graphics and image processing. Computer graphics studies manipulation
Computer graphics (computer science)
Computer_graphics_(computer_science)
Programmable machine that processes data
computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster. Numbering only a few in the 1930s, today computers are
Computer
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
IBM's first color graphics card for the IBM PC. It established a de facto computer display standard. The original IBM CGA graphics card was built around
Color_Graphics_Adapter
Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data
3D computer graphics, sometimes called 3D computer-generated imagery (3D-CGI), refers to computer graphics that use a three-dimensional (3D) representation
3D_computer_graphics
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support
Hash_function
Program library for computer graphics
A graphics library or graphics API is a program library designed to aid in rendering computer graphics to a monitor. This typically involves providing
Graphics_library
This is a list of 8-bit computer color palettes, and graphics, which were primarily manufactured from 1975 to 1985. Although some of them use RGB palettes
List of 8-bit computer hardware graphics
List_of_8-bit_computer_hardware_graphics
Development platform for rendering graphics
contribution for their rendering. RTX facilitates a new development in computer graphics of generating interactive images that react to lighting, shadows and
Nvidia_RTX
Computer-based generation of digital images
2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital
2D_computer_graphics
Use of a GPU for computations typically assigned to CPUs
processing unit (GPU), which typically handles computation only for computer graphics, to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is an IBM PC graphics adapter and de facto computer display standard from 1984 that superseded the CGA standard introduced
Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter
Theorem in differential topology
in computer graphics is to generate a non-zero vector in ℝ3 that is orthogonal to a given non-zero vector. There is no single continuous function that
Hairy_ball_theorem
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of n {\displaystyle
Cryptographic_hash_function
Expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device
A graphics card, also known as a video card or display card, is a computer expansion card that generates a feed of graphics output to a display device
Graphics_card
"computer-on-a-chip" was commercialized, the cost to manufacture a computer system dropped dramatically. The arithmetic, logic, and control functions that
History_of_personal_computers
Computer graphics effect
Bloom (sometimes referred to as light bloom or glow) is a computer graphics effect used in video games, demos, and high-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR)
Bloom_(shader_effect)
Cross-platform graphics API
API, graphics processing unit (GPU) vendors may provide additional functionality in the form of extensions. Extensions may introduce new functions and
OpenGL
Generating images by computer software
generating an image from a 3D model by means of computer software. In the context of computer graphics rendering, software rendering refers to a rendering
Software_rendering
a specific task from the CPU, often containing fixed-function hardware. A common example is a graphics processing unit. accumulator A register that holds
Glossary of computer hardware terms
Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms
2011 video game
easy transfer to the DS. Petit Computer comes with several simple sample applications, 5 sample games, and several graphics-editing applications, all written
Petit_Computer
Rendering method
In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital
Ray_tracing_(graphics)
Line of home computers
The TRS-80 Color Computer, later marketed as the Tandy Color Computer, is a series of home computers developed and sold by Tandy Corporation. Despite
TRS-80_Color_Computer
Series of integrated graphics processors
Intel Graphics Technology (GT) is a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) designed by Intel. The graphics processor is integrated into the processor
Intel_Graphics_Technology
Computer graphics 3D reference and test model
Utility Toolkit, even have functions dedicated to drawing teapots. The teapot model was created in 1975 by early computer graphics researcher Martin Newell
Utah_teapot
Standardized means of organizing and storing digital images
than pixel data to draw graphics. CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) is a file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text, and is defined
Image_file_format
Method for visualizing vector fields
Integral Convolution". Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. SIGGRAPH '95. Los Angeles, California
Line_integral_convolution
Spline function
reflecting their role as basis functions. B-splines are widely used in fields like computer-aided design (CAD) and computer graphics, where they shape curves
B-spline
Series of microarchitectures and instruction set architecture by AMD
when the compute units (CUs) are underutilized due to graphics commands limited by fixed function pipeline speed or bandwidth. This functionality is known
Graphics_Core_Next
Subdivision of space into cells
such as finite element calculations (engineering) or ray tracing (computer graphics) on triangles, but we do not know how to perform these operations
Mesh_generation
Graphics chip used in the Nintendo Wii
home video game console, integrating graphics, audio, and input/output functions into a single module. Its graphics processing unit (GPU) is an updated
Hollywood_(graphics_chip)
Commonly used display resolutions
These DVI connectors can be from the same graphics card, different graphics cards, or even different computers. Motion across the tile boundary(ies) can
Display_resolution_standards
Type of cryptographic algorithm
amounts of memory on a computer in order to reduce the effectiveness of parallel computing. In order to evaluate the function using less memory, a significant
Memory-hard_function
Free and open-source library for 3D graphics rendering
called Mesa3D and The Mesa 3D Graphics Library, is an open source implementation of OpenGL, OpenGL ES, Vulkan, and other graphics API specifications, as well
Mesa_(computer_graphics)
Descriptive vector graphics language
Bézier Regions, O. Shardt and J. C. Bowman, Computer-Aided Design, 44:5 (2012). Asymptote (vector graphics language) on SourceForge Asymptote official
Asymptote (vector graphics language)
Asymptote_(vector_graphics_language)
Specialized computer hardware
Hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware, known as a hardware accelerator, to perform specific functions faster than can be done by software
Hardware_acceleration
American computer hardware company
American computer hardware company headquartered in San Jose, California, founded in 1994, that specialized in the manufacturing of 3D graphics processing
3dfx
Group of rendering algorithms used in 3D computer graphics
indirect illumination, refers to a group of algorithms used in 3D computer graphics meant to add more realistic lighting to 3D scenes. Such algorithms
Global_illumination
hardware devices such as pointing devices, graphics hardware, and positioning of the pointer. In personal computers, all these elements are modeled through
Graphical_user_interface
Device for interpolation in computer graphics
In computer graphics, a digital differential analyzer (DDA) is hardware or software used for interpolation of variables over an interval between start
Digital differential analyzer (graphics algorithm)
Digital_differential_analyzer_(graphics_algorithm)
Computer intended for use by an individual person
personal computer market, personal computers and home computers lost any technical distinction. Business computers acquired color graphics capability
Personal_computer
Conversion of a vector-graphics image to a raster image
for display on a computer screen ("screen space") is often carried out by fixed function (non-programmable) hardware within the graphics pipeline. This
Rasterisation
Type of gradient noise in computer graphics
{\text{for }}0\leq x\leq 1} where the smoothstep function was used. Noise functions for use in computer graphics typically produce values in the range [–1.0
Perlin_noise
Miniature fan used in a computer for active cooling
automatic process. A computer's BIOS can control the speed of the built-in fan system for the computer. A user can even supplement this function with additional
Computer_fan
Series of integrated graphics processors by Intel
netbooks, low-priced laptops and desktop computers, as well as business computers which do not need high levels of graphics capability. In early 2007, about 90%
Intel_GMA
GPU by Nvidia
Direct3D 7-compatible path, using a subset of Direct3D 9 to target the fixed-function pipeline of these GPUs. Without broad application support at the time
GeForce_256
Curve used in computer graphics and related fields
BEH-zee-ay, French pronunciation: [bezje]) is a parametric curve used in computer graphics and related fields. A sequence of discrete "control points" defines
Bézier_curve
Type of mathematical function
basis function (RBF) is a real-valued function φ {\textstyle \varphi } whose value depends only on the distance between the input and some fixed point
Radial_basis_function
Computer output device
bracket. Rack mount computer monitors are available in two styles and are intended to be mounted into a 19-inch rack: Fixed A fixed rack mount monitor
Computer_monitor
Line algorithm with antialiasing
article "An Efficient Antialiasing Technique" in the July 1991 issue of Computer Graphics, as well as in the article "Fast Antialiasing" in the June 1992 issue
Xiaolin_Wu's_line_algorithm
IBM graphics card and computer display standard
The IBM 8514/A is a graphics card manufactured by IBM and introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of personal computers in 1987. It supports a display resolution
IBM_8514/A
Shading language
available. HLSL shaders can enable many special effects in both 2D and 3D computer graphics. The Cg/HLSL language originally only included support for vertex
High-Level_Shader_Language
Depicting depth with levels of darkness
depiction of depth perception in 3D models (within the field of 3D computer graphics) or illustrations (in visual art) by varying the level of darkness
Shading
Physical components of a computer
(CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a
Computer_hardware
Method of representing curves and surfaces in computer graphics
mathematical model using basis splines (B-splines) that is commonly used in computer graphics for representing curves and surfaces. It offers great flexibility
Non-uniform_rational_B-spline
Determining where a point is in relation to a coplanar polygon
geometrical data, such as computer graphics, computer vision, geographic information systems (GIS), motion planning, and computer-aided design (CAD). An
Point_in_polygon
Method for the construction of fractals
compositions of analytic functions L-system Fractal compression Zobrist, George Winston; Chaman Sabharwal (1992). Progress in Computer Graphics: Volume 1. Intellect
Iterated_function_system
3D model
In 3D computer graphics, a lathe tool, object or function can be used to create a 3D model. This is a model whose vertex geometry is produced by rotating
Lathe_(graphics)
Shading algorithm in computer graphics
Direct3D's fixed-function pipeline (before Direct3D 10 and OpenGL 3.1), and is carried out on each vertex as it passes down the graphics pipeline; pixel
Blinn–Phong_reflection_model
Relation of two images with software
processing, removing perspective distortion in computer vision, rendering textures in computer graphics, and computing planar shadows. Plane transfer homography
Homography_(computer_vision)
Fundamental trigonometric functions
is the only real fixed point of the sine function; in other words the only intersection of the sine function and the identity function is sin(0)=0. The
Sine_and_cosine
Function used in computer graphics
starting point varies uniformly with the interpolation parameter. In computer graphics, it was popularized by Ken Shoemake for animating three-dimensional
Spherical linear interpolation
Spherical_linear_interpolation
Generalization of the concept of parallel lines
the cutter trajectory at every point. In the area of 2D computer graphics known as vector graphics, the (approximate) computation of parallel curves is involved
Parallel_curve
Computer graphics chip
is an LSI ASIC dedicated to generating 2D computer graphics to be shown on a television screen or computer display. Under the direction of Jay Miner,
ANTIC
1981 home computer by Commodore
driver." The graphics capabilities of the VIC chip (6560/6561) are limited but flexible. At startup, the screen shows 176×184 pixels, with a fixed-color border
VIC-20
Computer programming paradigm
hardware from rigid, fixed-function pipelines into general-purpose stream engines: Fixed-Function Era (Pre-2001): Early graphics hardware offered no explicit
Stream_processing
Series of GPUs by Nvidia
programs in Microsoft Shader language 1.1. It is believed that the fixed-function T&L hardware from GeForce 2 was still included on the chip for use with
GeForce_3_series
Coordinate system used in projective geometry
Homogeneous coordinates have a range of applications, including computer graphics and 3D computer vision, where they allow affine transformations and, in general
Homogeneous_coordinates
Feature in Nvidia graphics cards
decoding to full fixed-function decoding hardware (Nvidia PureVideo), or (partially) decode via CUDA software running on the GPU, if fixed-function hardware is
NVDEC
Computer format for representing real numbers
evaluation of functions by table lookup, or any application where rational numbers need to be represented without rounding errors (which fixed-point does
Fixed-point_arithmetic
Method of defining surface detail on a computer-generated graphic or 3D model
Texture mapping is a term used in computer graphics to describe how 2D images are projected onto 3D models. The most common variant is the UV unwrap,
Texture_mapping
Shared boundary between elements of a computing system
point of interaction between a computer and humans; it includes any number of modalities of interaction (such as graphics, sound, position, movement, etc
Interface_(computing)
Two-dimensional vector image file format
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation
SVG
Device that connects computer front-end hardware to multiple computers
the connected devices to all the computers simultaneously. This means that it is now possible to use the extra function keys, wheels, buttons, and controls
KVM_switch
LCD controller. Other controllers are KS0108, SSD1815 (graphics capable) and ST7920 (graphics capable) The use of integrated circuit technology to drive
Display_driver
Central processing unit by Sony Computer Entertainment and Toshiba
decompression: 150 million pixels per second Graphics card Graphics processing unit Computer graphics List of computer graphics and descriptive geometry topics Cell
Emotion_Engine
Image processing technique
In computer graphics, color quantization or color image quantization is quantization applied to color spaces; it is a process that reduces the number
Color_quantization
Method in which data is created algorithmically as opposed to manually
human-generated content and algorithms coupled with computer-generated randomness and processing power. In computer graphics, it is commonly used to create textures
Procedural_generation
Computer art form using text characters
than graphics, or in some cases, where the transmission of pictures is not possible. This includes typewriters, teleprinters, non-graphic computer terminals
ASCII_art
Computer display mode based on characters
a character set; at the same time, contrasted to graphics mode or other kinds of computer graphics modes. Text mode applications communicate with the
Text_mode
grammar CFG—Control-flow graph CG—Computer graphics CGA—Color graphics array CGI—Common Gateway Interface CGI—Computer-generated imagery CGT—Computational
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Operating environment created by Digital Research
GEM (Graphics Environment Manager) is a discontinued operating environment released by Digital Research in 1985. GEM is known primarily as the native graphical
GEM_(desktop_environment)
One-dimensional approximation to a shape
in computer vision", Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 24 (5): 103–118, doi:10.1016/0895-7177(96)00117-3. ITK (C++) Skeletonize3D (Java) Graphics gems
Topological_skeleton
Type of data buffer in computer graphics
z-buffer, also known as a depth buffer, is a type of data buffer used in computer graphics to store the depth information of fragments. The values stored represent
Z-buffering
Graphics processing unit brand
Ultimate. Also supported are DisplayPort 2.0 and overclocking. AV1 fixed-function hardware encoder is included in Alchemist GPUs as part of the Intel
Intel_Arc
Representing a 3D-modeled object or dataset as a 2D projection
In scientific visualization and computer graphics, volume rendering is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled
Volume_rendering
Conversion of raster graphics into vector graphics
In computer graphics, image tracing, raster-to-vector conversion or raster vectorization is the conversion of raster graphics into vector graphics. An
Image_tracing
Instruction set architecture
a simple set of floating-point SIMD instructions dedicated to 3D computer graphics; MDMX (MaDMaX), a more extensive integer SIMD instruction set using
MIPS_architecture
JavaScript bindings for OpenGL in web browsers
WebGL (short for Web Graphics Library) is a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 2D and 3D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use
WebGL
IBM PC compatible home computer system
platform; 28 of 66 games that Computer Gaming World tested in 1989 supported the Tandy's own graphics mode. Tandy 1000 computers were some of the first IBM
Tandy_1000
Computer graphics method
Path tracing is a rendering algorithm in computer graphics that simulates how light interacts with objects and participating media to generate realistic
Path_tracing
Study of computation
cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication and preventing security vulnerabilities. Computer graphics and computational
Computer_science
Personal computer system
essentially a single-board computer with discrete logic driving a small built-in monochrome monitor with 40×25 character graphics, enclosed in a sheet metal
Commodore_PET
Platform-independent fixed-point math library
offers developers a similar interface to the standard math.h functions for use on Q16.16 fixed-point numbers. libfixmath has no external dependencies other
Libfixmath
GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia
Nvidia video encoder/decoder (NVENC/NVDEC) with 8K 10-bit 60FPS AV1 fixed function hardware encoding No NVLink support 128 CUDA cores are included in each
Ada Lovelace (microarchitecture)
Ada_Lovelace_(microarchitecture)
video chip known as a Graphics Processing Unit. Very early PCs used one of the much simpler (even compared to most home computer video hardware) video
List of home computers by video hardware
List_of_home_computers_by_video_hardware
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