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Economic measurement
The fiscal gap is a measure of a government's total indebtedness proposed by economists Laurence Kotlikoff and Alan Auerbach, who define it as the difference
Fiscal_gap
Difference between revenues and spending
to as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For
Government_budget_balance
Use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country's economy
Econometrics Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean Fiscal policy of the United States Fiscal dominance Fiscal gap Fiscal sustainability Fiscal union
Fiscal_policy
required adjustment is given with measures such as the Fiscal gap. In empirical works, weak and strong fiscal sustainability are distinguished. Differences are
Fiscal_sustainability
Form of devolution proposed for Scotland and Wales
not on its own deal with the fiscal gap.... Indeed, if anything, given current spending and revenue forecasts, the gap would likely grow rather than
Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland and Wales
Full_fiscal_autonomy_for_Scotland_and_Wales
Cash payment between governments
of the subnational "fiscal gap": essentially the difference between fiscal need and fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity and fiscal need are not equivalent
Equalization_payments
Subfield of public economics
imbalance and vertical fiscal gap (see Boadway 2002 Bird 2003). Many public policy experts prefer the notion of "vertical fiscal asymmetry" —coined and
Fiscal_federalism
Financial plan where revenues equal expenses
provide fiscal stimulus in lean times, while budget surpluses provide restraint in boom times. Keynesian economics does not advocate for fiscal stimulus
Balanced_budget
Monetary policy tool
and directly benefits exporters and export industries in the country. Fiscal effect By lowering yields on sovereign bonds, QE makes it cheaper for governments
Quantitative_easing
System or group governing an organized community
voter. The fiscal sustainability of a government measures the sustainability of fiscal policies, government budget balances and the fiscal gap in the long-term
Government
Failure to accurately perceive the amount of government expenditure
public choice theory, fiscal illusion is a failure to accurately perceive the amount of government expenditure. The theory of fiscal illusion was first developed
Fiscal_illusion
Method of measuring the fiscal burdens facing current and future generations
generational accounts for the United States. Their study demonstrated a major fiscal gap separating future government spending commitments and its means of paying
Generational_accounting
Macroeconomic condition
Fiscal drag happens when the government's net fiscal position (spending minus taxation) fails to cover the net savings desires of the private economy,
Fiscal_drag
Difference between actual and potential GDP
measure of output gap is largely used in macroeconomic policy (in particular in the context of EU fiscal rules compliance). The GDP gap is a highly criticized
Output_gap
Person or organization subject to pay a tax
time. Taxpayers' money help to pay for the items on the federal budget. The gap between revenue (money collected via taxes) and spending is known as the
Taxpayer
State-owned investment fund
nation's banking system; this type of fund is usually of major economic and fiscal importance. Other sovereign wealth funds are simply the state savings that
Sovereign_wealth_fund
Monetary policy tool
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Yield_curve_control
A fiscal adjustment is a reduction in the government primary budget deficit, and it can result from a reduction in government expenditures, an increase
Fiscal_adjustment
Securities held by governments
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Intragovernmental_holdings
Term used to describe people by their preferred approach to monetary policy
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Monetary_hawk_and_dove
Ratio of change in national income arising from a change in government spending
economy can be represented as an output gap—a difference between actual GDP and potential GDP—and a policy of fiscal stimulus may aim at introducing sufficient
Fiscal_multiplier
American academic and politician
accounting and fiscal gap accounting developed by Auerbach, Gokhale, and Kotlikoff is a means of assessing the sustainability of fiscal policy and how
Laurence_Kotlikoff
Spending in excess of revenue
deficit spending is desirable and necessary as part of countercyclical fiscal policy, but that there should not be a structural deficit (i.e., permanent
Deficit_spending
Agency in India
endowments and can widen over time. Several provisions to bridge the fiscal gap between the centre and the states were already enshrined in the Constitution
Finance_Commission
Measure of money supply
multiplier, the monetary base can be thought of as high powered because of the fiscal multiplier instead. Monetary policy is generally presumed to be the policy
Monetary_base
Gap between government spending in Wales and local tax revenue
Ed Gareth Poole notes that fiscal transfers between wealthier and poorer parts of a sovereign state are not unusual. The gap in Wales was covered by transfer
Welsh_fiscal_balance
Total amount of debt owed to lenders by a government/state
Debt clock Debt Sustainability Analysis Financial repression Fiscal dominance Fiscal gap Generational accounting Global debt Government budget balance
Government_debt
Type of government spending
implemented through an appropriations bill. This spending is an optional part of fiscal policy, in contrast to social programs for which funding is mandatory and
Discretionary_spending
Budget of the Russian federal government
the budget system of Russia. It is a major state financial plan for the fiscal year, which has the force of law after its approval by the Russian parliament
Federal_budget_of_Russia
Study of the role of government within the economy
governments to smooth tax burdens over time and gives governments an important fiscal policy tool. Deficits can also narrow the options of successor governments
Public_finance
expected to grow by 20% to 210.5 billion rupees. This will narrow the fiscal gap to 3.4% of GDP from 3.9% in 2024. Borrowing requirements will increase
Economy_of_Mauritius
secured by revenues because the Soviet Union had virtually no taxes or fiscal system in the modern sense, which had to be created from scratch. Due to
Economy_of_Russia
Government attempts to run a budget in equity or in surplus
is to reduce the public debt. It is not the same as a fiscal policy, which deals with the fiscal stimulus to the economy, the repartition of taxes and
Budgetary_policy
Commercial banks' holdings deposited in central banks
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Bank_reserves
Policy of interest rates or money supply
exchange rates and prices of financial assets. This is in contrast to fiscal policy, which relies on changes in taxation and government spending as methods
Monetary_policy
Debt secured without personal liability
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Nonrecourse_debt
Debt owed by the government sector in Canada
borrowing, due to government expenditures exceeding revenues. For 2021 (the fiscal year ending 31 March 2022), the market value of gross debt was $2,942 billion
Canadian_public_debt
Government body that manages currency and monetary policy
governors' discourse or the premises of macroeconomic policies (monetary and fiscal policy) of the state, are a focus of contention and criticism by some policymakers
Central_bank
Annual New Zealand vote run by Massey University
hole?" — Nicola Willis (asking Grant Robertson in parliament about a fiscal gap) "You can be a mother, or not, an ex-Mormon, or not, a nerd, a crier,
Quote_of_the_Year
Economic theory by Adolph Wagner
1023/A:1005032817804. Wagner, Richard E.; Weber, Warren E. (March 1977). "Wagner's Law, Fiscal Institutions, and the Growth of Government". National Tax Journal. 30 (1):
Wagner's_law
Total value of money available in an economy at a specific point in time
and June 20, 2005. The Monetary Authority indicated this was to narrow the gap between interest rates between Hong Kong and the US, and to avoid the HK
Money_supply
Assembly of Experts for "insufficient theological qualifications". Iran's fiscal year (FY) goes from 21 to 20 March of the following year. Iran has two types
Politics_of_Iran
Type of government regulation or law
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Investment_policy
Political philosophy
Edition, TOC. Rugaber, Christopher S.; Boak, Josh (27 January 2014). "Wealth gap: A guide to what it is, why it matters". AP News. Archived from the original
Redistribution of income and wealth
Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth
Government department responsible for financial policies
a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an
Ministry_of_finance
Economic philosophy and theory
Fiscalism is a term sometimes used to refer the economic theory that the government should rely on fiscal policy as the main instrument of macroeconomic
Fiscalism
American economist and public policy scholar
assessment of fiscal policy impacts, known as generational accounting. The economists also collaborated on a measurement technique for the fiscal gap between
Alan_J._Auerbach
Economic system
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Free_banking
How the state collects money
components of the government budget and important tools of the government's fiscal policy. The collection of revenue is the most basic task of a government
Government_revenue
Government's policy governing international trade
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Commercial_policy
Monetary authority which maintains a fixed exchange rate to a foreign currency
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Currency_board
into twelve Federal Reserve districts. The Federal Reserve Banks act as fiscal agents for the U.S. Treasury, and each has its own nine-member board of
Structure of the Federal Reserve System
Structure_of_the_Federal_Reserve_System
Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2008. "Fiscal gap dominates Anchorage debate". Kenai Peninsula Online. October 24, 2002
2002 Alaska gubernatorial election
2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election
Deadlock blocking the passage of a budget
over budget cuts and shuts down the government for a number of days. Fiscal gap Political economy Cabinet crisis Constitutional economics Constitutional
Budget_crisis
Government guarantee to provide liquidity to financial institutions
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Lender_of_last_resort
Government spending on certain programs that are required by law
spending, and interest on debt. Also known as entitlement spending, in US fiscal policy, mandatory spending is government spending on certain programs that
Mandatory_spending
Method to record government financial activities
accounting provides a less accurate measure of the government's borrowing and fiscal stimulus to the economy compared to a cash-accounting deficit/surplus; and
Accrual accounting in the public sector
Accrual_accounting_in_the_public_sector
politically risky austerity plan of budget cuts and tax increases to close the fiscal gap. The World Bank has helped Argentina on multiple occasions. It offered
Argentina_and_the_World_Bank
How a government collects money other than through compulsory levies
Adriana (7 June 2018). "Non-tax revenue in the European Union: A source of fiscal risk?". Policy Watch. 26: 198–223. Ossowski, Rolando; Gonzáles, Alberto
Non-tax_revenue
Government strategy promoting industrial development
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Industrial_policy
Component of a country's total national debt which is owed to lenders within that country
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Internal_debt
Constitutional provision
expenditures of the government, and the balance requirement may be for each fiscal year or over a multi-year period. Balanced-budget provisions have been added
Balanced_budget_amendment
Tax in the Roman Empire
Anastasius I throughout the Eastern Roman Empire in the year 498 as part of his fiscal and monetary reforms. In the Italian peninsula, then ruled by the Ostrogoths
Collatio_lustralis
Colombian presidencial administration from 2018 to 2022
impuestos para cubrir el hueco fiscal de la pandemia en Colombia" [Iván Duque proposes a tax increase to cover the fiscal gap of the pandemic in Colombia]
Presidency_of_Iván_Duque
Income collected by governments via tax
tax. Per capita income (PCI) is the most often used measure of relative fiscal capacity. But this measure fails to base tax capacity computation on other
Tax_revenue
The Federal Budget 2013–14 was the federal budget of Pakistan for the fiscal year beginning from 1 July 2013 and ending on 30 June 2014. The budget was
2013–14 Pakistan federal budget
2013–14_Pakistan_federal_budget
Principal national pension fund of Russia
Grishina, Elena; Trunin, Pavel; Shpenev, Alexey (November 2013). "Russia's Fiscal Gap". NBER Working Paper No. 19608. doi:10.3386/w19608. Official website (in
Pension Fund of the Russian Federation
Pension_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation
Combination of a country's monetary and fiscal policy
The policy mix is the combination of a country's monetary policy and fiscal policy. These two channels influence features such as economic growth and employment
Policy_mix
Attempts to use monetary or fiscal policy to stimulate the economy
In economics, stimulus refers to attempts to use monetary policy or fiscal policy (or stabilization policy in general) to stimulate the economy. Stimulus
Stimulus_(economics)
Central Bank of Hungary
policy, but central bank leaders criticized this plan, saying that the fiscal austerity requirements would slow growth. In December 2011 two of the three
Hungarian_National_Bank
2013 tax increase and spending decrease
The United States fiscal cliff refers to the combined effect of several previously-enacted laws that came into effect simultaneously in January 2013, increasing
United_States_fiscal_cliff
Instrument of monetary policy
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Negative interest on excess reserves
Negative_interest_on_excess_reserves
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Criticism of the Federal Reserve
Criticism_of_the_Federal_Reserve
Proposed unconventional monetary policy in international climate policy
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Carbon_quantitative_easing
Publication of treasury documents
Fiscal transparency refers to the publication of information on how governments raise, spend, and manage public resources. More specifically, it means
Fiscal_transparency
Laws relating to domestic agriculture and foreign-imported agricultural products
roads and telecommunication systems, land reform, power in rural areas, fiscal support for research and development, pricing policies, assistance for new
Agricultural_policy
leader may never provide comprehensive economic rationale for his particular fiscal policy actions. The cost of the benefits is merely shifted to a discriminated
Equity_of_condition
Other types of trade barriers
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade
Holding company
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Urban_wealth_fund
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Impact_fee
Geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period
Saving Microfoundations Nominal rigidity Shocks Demand Supply Policies Fiscal Austerity Government spending Welfare spending Stimulus Tax policy Monetary
Compound_annual_growth_rate
Movements to amend the financial system
political pressures The need for alternative monetary frameworks The role of fiscal-monetary coordination Monetary reform advocates often cite financial instability
Monetary_reform
American politician
K-12 students. Due to the sharp fall of oil prices and Alaska's ensuing fiscal gap in 2015, the budget and curbing state spending became top priorities for
Cathy_Giessel
even lower in 2014; the same happened with sales taxes over imports. The fiscal gap in those years was as high as 7,000 million of quetzals, which was covered
La_Línea_corruption_case
Government consumptions, investments, and transfer payments
money borrowed. Changes in government spending are a major component of fiscal policy used to stabilize the macroeconomic business cycle. Public expenditure
Government_spending
United States federal law
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (NDAA 2024) is a United States federal law which specifies the budget, expenditures, and policies
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024
National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024
Academic journal
Fiscal Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The journal was established
Fiscal_Studies
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Efficiency_dividend
Intergovernmental agreement
of too high risk for fiscal stress in the short-term, which call on implementation of immediate counter measures. If the fiscal gap indicators S1 and/or
Euro_Plus_Pact
Area of the Timor Sea between Australia and Timor Island
The Timor Gap is an area of the Timor Sea between Australia and Timor-Leste. The area has been the subject of disputes over maritime boundaries, as well
Timor_Gap
Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt internal Deficit / surplus Finance ministry Fiscal gap Fiscal transparency Fiscal union
Implied level of government service
Implied_level_of_government_service
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
about Americans' willingness to support an invasion of Kharg Island. Key gaps regarding the release of frozen Iranian assets, the reopening of the Hormuz
2026_Iran_war
1974, the United States Federal Government has had funding gaps on 27 occasions. Funding gaps did not lead to government shutdowns prior to 1980, when President
List of United States federal funding gaps
List_of_United_States_federal_funding_gaps
Study of an economy as a whole
increase their consumption and investment, helping close the output gap. The effects of fiscal policy can be limited by partial or full crowding out. When the
Macroeconomics
Economic transaction that advances the economic interests of both parties
agents of the citizen—government legislators and administrators—implement fiscal policy where tax assessment to the citizen is related, substantially, to
Rational_economic_exchange
Country in East Asia
March 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2022. Makinen & Woodward 1989: "It was the fiscal regime change on Taiwan, as in the European episodes, that finally brought
Taiwan
Distribution of income or wealth between different groups
polarization. The Fund's Fiscal Monitor report said that "progressive taxation and transfers are key components of efficient fiscal redistribution." In October
Economic_inequality
can be divided into two subsets: a) monetary policy instruments and b) fiscal policy instruments. Monetary policy is conducted by the central bank of
Macroeconomic policy instruments
Macroeconomic_policy_instruments
Growth model in economics
cycle Financial crisis Recession National accounts SNA GDP GNI NNI Output gap Unemployment Money and prices Exchange rate Inflation Cost-push Deflation
AK_model
Revenue service of the U.S. federal government
decline of more than 25 percent of its enforcement staff. During the 2023 fiscal year, the agency processed more than 271.4 million tax returns including
Internal_Revenue_Service
FISCAL GAP
FISCAL GAP
Boy/Male
French Hebrew Italian
Born on Easter.
Girl/Female
Indian
Old Arabic name
Male
Hindi/Indian
(विशाल) Hindi name VISHAL means "large."
Boy/Male
Latin
Blind.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Huge, Broad, Great
Girl/Female
Muslim
Example, Copy, Torch, Light, Lightened, Sparkling, Shining
Girl/Female
Indian
Example, Copy, Torch, Light, Lightened, Sparkling, Shining
Boy/Male
Scottish
Fair-haired stranger.
Girl/Female
Indian
Example, Copy, Torch, Light, Lightened, Sparkling, Shining
Male
African
butcher-bird.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Parables, governing.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fragrance
Boy/Male
Hindu
Great
Male
French
French name derived from Latin Paschalis, PASCAL means "Passover; Easter." This name was popular with early Christians, mainly given to sons born at Easter time.
Male
English
Scottish Anglicized form of Gaelic Fionnghall, FINGAL means "white valor."
Boy/Male
Arabic Muslim
Stubborn.
Male
Yiddish
(פִיש×ֶעל) Yiddish name FISHEL means "little fish."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Proper Name.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Example, Copy, Torch, Light, Lightened, Sparkling, Shining
Boy/Male
Indian
Decisive
FISCAL GAP
FISCAL GAP
Girl/Female
English French American
Courtly; courteous.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Meaningful
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
A Sakti of Ganesha
Boy/Male
Sikh
Happy
Girl/Female
Hindu
Third finger
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shailee means style
Boy/Male
Tamil
Radiant
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Queen of river Nile
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Telugu
Rarest of the Rare; Extremely Beautiful
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess Saraswati
FISCAL GAP
FISCAL GAP
FISCAL GAP
FISCAL GAP
FISCAL GAP
a.
Pertaining to that which is distal; as, the distal tuberosities of a bone.
n.
A treasurer.
n.
A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases; -- called also procurator fiscal.
n.
The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Mass, or to a missal or Mass book.
a.
Alt. of ical
a.
Of or pertaining to sight; used in sight; serving as the instrument of seeing; as, the visual nerve.
a.
See Fecal.
a.
Of or pertaining to a son or daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents; as, filial obedience.
n.
The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.
a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a disk; as, discal cells.
a.
Conclusive; decisive; as, a final judgment; the battle of Waterloo brought the contest to a final issue.
a.
Pertaining to the end or conclusion; last; terminating; ultimate; as, the final day of a school term.
a.
relating to, or containing, dregs, feces, or ordeure; faecal.
a.
Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.
a.
Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue.
a.
Gloomy to the eye or ear; sorrowful and depressing to the feelings; foreboding; cheerless; dull; dreary; as, a dismal outlook; dismal stories; a dismal place.
a.
Remote from the point of attachment or origin; as, the distal end of a bone or muscle