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Focus of attention on features in a map
Fields other than cartography, such as psychology, neurology, and computer science, have studied differentiation of figure from ground. Many studies have
Figure-ground_(cartography)
Process of designing maps
Cartographic design or map design is the process of crafting the appearance of a map, applying the principles of design and knowledge of how maps are used
Cartographic_design
Mapping practices and methods of analysis grounded in critical theory
Critical cartography is a set of cartography practices and methods of analysis grounded in critical theory. It is based specifically on the thesis that
Critical_cartography
Information provided by direct observation
by a cartographic process (illustrated). Geographic information systems such as GIS, GPS, and GNSS, have become so widespread that the term "ground truth"
Ground_truth
American geographer and cartographer
Geography and Anthropology at Georgia State University. His textbook, Cartography: Thematic Map Design, has been one of the seminal texts in the field
Borden_Dent
Symbolic depiction of spatial relationships
In cartography, a map is a representation or abstraction of geographic reality. Maps are used for a wide range of purposes, including navigation, scientific
Map
Text used to label maps
Typography, as an aspect of cartographic design, is the craft of designing and placing text on a map in support of the map symbols, together representing
Typography_(cartography)
Visual design technique to convey importance
perception. Bauhaus Cognitive psychology Pattern recognition Figure-ground contrast (cartography) "visual hierarchy". GIS Dictionary. ESRI. Archived from
Visual_hierarchy
Map that uses pictures to represent features
type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic
Pictorial_map
Map printing of Jerusalem spanning from ancient times
audience. All maps marking milestones in the cartography of Jerusalem are listed here following the cartographic histories of the city, from Titus Tobler
Cartography_of_Jerusalem
The history of French cartography can be traced to developments in the Middle Ages. This period was marked by improvements in measuring instruments and
Cartography_of_France
Meridian line in Paris, France
the Paris meridian. The French meridian arc was important for French cartography, since the triangulations of France began with the measurement of the
Paris_meridian
Graphic depiction of a geographic phenomenon
A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other
Map_symbol
Graphic techniques used in visual design
A visual variable, in cartographic design, graphic design, and data visualization, is an aspect of a graphical object that can visually differentiate it
Visual_variable
Arrangement of map elements on a page
Map layout, also called map composition or (cartographic) page layout, is the part of cartographic design that involves assembling various map elements
Map_layout
Ratio of distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground
the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. This simple concept is complicated by the curvature of the Earth's surface
Scale_(map)
American geographer and researcher
Practice of Cartography, by the Canadian Cartographic Association. 2.5D Animated mapping Figure-ground in map design History of cartography Spatial analysis
Alan_MacEachren
Theory of perception
the layout of surfaces in the 3-D world. Figure-ground organization structures the perceptual field into a figure (standing out at the front of the perceptual
Gestalt_psychology
Sighting of a UFO over Tehran, Iran
Security Service. Retrieved 10 May 2026. "Tehran, Iran | Geography and Cartography | Research Starters | EBSCOhost". EBSCO. Retrieved 22 September 2026
1976_Tehran_UFO_incident
Geodetic reference system
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation, including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines
World_Geodetic_System
Eratosthenes-Strabo Nile Map. Is It the Earliest Surviving Instance of Spherical Cartography? Did It Supply the 5000 Stades Arc for Eratosthenes' Experiment?". Archive
Earth's_circumference
Art movement
functions. It is a dynamic visual art that stems from a discordant figure-ground relationship that puts the two planes—foreground and background—in a
Op_art
Ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East
published a map platform detailing Israel's campaign in Gaza titled "A Cartography of Genocide", accompanied by a report that concludes that "Israel's military
Gaza_war
3D computer-generated imagery and measurements of terrain
terrain model (DTM) represents the bare ground surface without any objects like plants and buildings (see the figure on the right). DEM is often used as a
Digital_elevation_model
Tallest single drop waterfall in the world, Venezuela
river, Gauja. In the same year, this name was registered in the National Cartographic Institution of Venezuela. There is no convincing proof that the indigenous
Angel_Falls
Approximation of the figure of Earth as a sphere
Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth as a sphere. The earliest documented mention of the concept
Spherical_Earth
American writer and activist (born 1961)
Jenny Odell called it "an un-self-centered book that often reverses the figure-ground relationship, portraying the emergence of a writer and her voice from
Rebecca_Solnit
Motion of Earth's rotational axis relative to its crust
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy. Retrieved 7 September 2015. Chen, J.L.; Wilson, C.R.; Ries
Polar_motion
2000 film by Tarsem Singh
experimental virtual reality treatment for coma patients: a "Neurological Cartography and Synaptic Transfer System" device managed by doctors Henry West and
The_Cell_(film)
geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension,
Glossary of geography terms (A–M)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(A–M)
Collaborative map database
2018, the Swiss Society of Cartography awarded the OSM-based OpenMapTiles project its Prix Carto award for digital cartography. In 2019, the Free Software
OpenStreetMap
Iroquoian village in Ontario, Canada
"two human figures wearing European-style clothes flanking an Aboriginal figure". Another burial plot on Baby Point was found in 2010 when a house was being
Teiaiagon
Second-largest city in Greece
main stadium of the city is the Kaftanzoglio National Stadium (also home ground of Iraklis F.C.) constructed by donating funds of Thessalonian Jurist, Diplomat
Thessaloniki
Ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip
Retrieved 12 October 2025. Levene 2024, pp. 6–7. Semerdjian 2024a, p. 2. "A Cartography of Genocide: Israel's Conduct in Gaza Since October 2023". Forensic Architecture
Gaza_genocide
City in Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic] (in Russian). Yerevan: GNO "Center for Geodesy and Cartography". p. 45. ISBN 978-99941-0-336-2. Zubkova, Elena Yurievna (2004). "Власть
Stepanakert
Method of communication
seven components of visual communication: color, shape, tones, texture, figure-ground, balance, and hierarchy. Each of these characteristics, elements, and
Visual_communication
Flemish cartographer (1512–1594)
Cartography (Cartography in the European Renaissance). Chapter 6: "Globes in Renaissance Europe" by Elly Dekker. Chapter 44: "Commercial Cartography and
Gerardus_Mercator
Adaptation of the standard Mercator projection
formulae. Thomas, Paul D (1952). Conformal Projections in Geodesy and Cartography. Washington: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Special Publication 251.
Transverse Mercator projection
Transverse_Mercator_projection
Greek mythological creature
in frustration after Aphrodite had eluded him, spilled his seed on the ground of that land. Unlike those of mainland Greece, the Cyprian centaurs were
Centaur
Christian views on Hell
be found in the Cornell University PJ Mode Collection of Persuasive Cartography (Browse "Heaven and Hell" Category) Wikiquote has quotations related
Hell_in_Christianity
Cartesian geographic coordinate system
East north up Geocodes Geodetic datum Geographical distance Graticule (cartography) Horizontal plane Lattice graph (grid as mathematical abstraction) Map
Projected_coordinate_system
Geographic coordinate specifying north-south position
In geodesy and cartography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another
Latitude
Entities from Neon Genesis Evangelion
Marine 2021, pp. 80–81. Krystian Woznicki (September 1991). "Towards a cartography of Japanese anime – Anno Hideaki's Evangelion Interview with Azuma Hiroki"
Angels (Neon Genesis Evangelion)
Angels_(Neon_Genesis_Evangelion)
Mass murder of Circassians by the Russian Empire
Venyukov, who was co-operating with Russian military at that time for cartographic purposes; was shocked by Yevdokimov's plans for exterminating the Circassians
Circassian_genocide
Affection for manga and anime characters
February 2019. Look up moe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Towards a Cartography of Japanese Anime: Anno Hideaki's >>Evangelion—Through an interview with
Moe_(slang)
American satellite-based radio navigation service
context needed for cars and trucks to function without a human driver. Cartography: both civilian and military cartographers use GPS extensively. Cellular
Global_Positioning_System
Roman general (15 BC–19 AD)
ISBN 978-1-62365-201-2 Dekker, Elly (2013), Illustrating the Phaenomena: Celestial Cartography in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-960969-7
Germanicus
there is evidence for recognizable practices of geography, such as cartography, prior to the use of the term. The known world of Ancient Egypt saw the
History_of_geography
Predominantly Scottish cloth pattern
tartan on a white instead of on a red ground .... the 'Stuart hunting-tartan' on a green ground". However, ground has a different meaning at the thread-dyeing
Tartan
[Original Dutch texts]. (Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1973) Ryan, Simon: The Cartographic Eye: How Explorers Saw Australia. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
History_of_Australia
Country in Northwestern Europe
Giles (January 2008). "How long is the UK coastline?". The British Cartographic Society. Archived from the original on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 24 January
United_Kingdom
Indian inventions
of India. It draws from the whole cultural and technological of India|cartography, metallurgy, logic, mathematics, metrology and mineralogy were among
List of Indian inventions and discoveries
List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoveries
Highest mountain in Turkey
ISBN 978-0-8108-5056-9. Galichian, Rouben (2004). Historic Maps of Armenia: The Cartographic Heritage. I.B. Tauris. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-86064-979-0. Kurter, Ajun [in
Mount_Ararat
Mystery religion in the Roman Empire
respectively. Beck has criticized Speidel and Ulansey of adherence to a literal cartographic logic, describing their theories as a "will-o'-the-wisp" that "lured
Mithraism
Ancient Greek rumors
lack a neck, setting the figure's head at the level of the shoulders. Ewaipanomas began to decrease in popularity as a cartographic motif after this point;
Headless_men
Map projection system
in authoritative maps–new findings about the origin of the UTM Grid. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2016, doi:10.1080/15230406.2015.1128851
Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system
Country in Eastern Europe and West Asia
WorldAtlas. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2025. "Climate". State Land and Cartography Committee. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. "20 reasons to
Azerbaijan
locations as aerial views with enhanced depth, employing a technique called cartographic perspective. Pezzutto identifies the location of the Mona Lisa to the
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci
Science_and_inventions_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci
Italian architect and surveyor (1701–1756)
city's topography. Secondly, though he follows Bufalini in using a figure-ground representation of built space with blocks and buildings shaded in a
Giambattista_Nolli
Units for measuring angles
down to about 0.1″. Minutes (′) and seconds (″) of arc are also used in cartography and navigation. At sea level, one minute of arc along the equator equals
Minute_and_second_of_arc
Urban geography
urban morphology which can guide analysis: Figure and Ground theory Linkage theory Place Theory Figure and Ground theory is founded on the study of the relationship
Urban_morphology
Geographic data discipline
These can range from land surveying, remote sensing, nautical charts, cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), and several other related forms
Geomatics
Character from Neon Genesis Evangelion
Retrieved November 15, 2023. Woznicki, Krystian (1997). "Towards a cartography of Japanese anime: Hideaki Anno's "Evangelion"". Blimp Film Magazine
Asuka_Langley_Soryu
Imperial dynasty of China (960–1279)
horology, astronomy, pharmaceutical medicine, archeology, mathematics, cartography, optics, art criticism, hydraulics, and many other fields. Shen Kuo was
Song_dynasty
Buisseret, David. (1998). Envisioning the City: Six Studies in Urban Cartography. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-07993-7. Curtis, Robert
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Archaeological site in Israel
with Drusias, a place mentioned in Ptolemy's Geography, a treatise on cartography dating from the 2nd century CE. This identification was first proposed
Horvat_Midras
Filipino nationalist, writer, and polymath (1861–1896)
writing, he dabbled, with varying degrees of expertise, in architecture, cartography, economics, ethnology, anthropology, sociology, dramatics, martial arts
José_Rizal
Anti-assimilationist Chicano counterculture
p. 5. ISBN 9780292798038. Thananopavarn, Susan (2018). LatinAsian Cartographies: History, Writing, and the National Imaginary. Rutgers University Press
Pachuco
Third planet from the Sun
was used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek gē: the ground, its soil, dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including
Earth
Detail of a red-figure amphora depicting a satyr assaulting a maenad, by Pamphaios (potter) and Oltos (painter), c. 520 BC, Louvre White-ground lekythos with
Ancient_Greek_art
Character from Neon Genesis Evangelion
p. 184. Drazen 2014, p. 294. Woznicki, Krystian (1997). "Towards a Cartography of Japanese Anime: Hideaki Anno's "Evangelion"". Blimp Film Magazine
Rei_Ayanami
Semitic-speaking ethnic group in Ethiopia
(or its variants Tīgrī, Tīgra) had entered the lexicon of Islamicate cartography and ethnography by the early medieval period. While early Islamic geographers
Tigrayans
Combined military forces of Ukraine
the military forces of Ukraine. They consist of the three branches: the Ground Forces, the Air Force and the Navy, and a number of separately organized
Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine
Country in West Asia
ISBN 0521209811 William Charles Brice (1981), An Historical Atlas of Islam [cartographic Material], BRILL, p. 338, ISBN 9004061169 Farhad Daftary Ismailis in
Yemen
Metropolis in Rajasthan, India
is the third-largest city of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur. The cartographic coordinates are 25°11′N 75°50′E / 25.18°N 75.83°E / 25.18; 75.83.
Kota,_Rajasthan
Episode of Neon Genesis Evangelion
Retrieved 13 August 2012. Krystian Woznicki (September 1991). "Towards a cartography of Japanese anime – Anno Hideaki's Evangelion Interview with Azuma Hiroki"
Do You Love Me? (Neon Genesis Evangelion)
Do_You_Love_Me?_(Neon_Genesis_Evangelion)
Cities destroyed by God in the Book of Genesis
going on flames in the sea, called (in Latin) 'Dead Sea, Salt Lake, Sea of Asphalt', Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel
Sodom_and_Gomorrah
First part of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy
Inferno images by selecting the "Heaven & Hell" subject at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection, Cornell University Library "Mapping Dante's
Inferno_(Dante)
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
According to Snyder in 2010, the recorded figure of excess deaths was 2.4 million. However, Snyder claims that this figure is "substantially low" due to many
Holodomor
City in New South Wales, Australia
shewing proposed Federal Capital site in the locality of Bathurst. No. 3 [cartographic material] : Parishes of Jedburgh, Mt. Pleasant & Bathurst, Counties of
Bathurst,_New_South_Wales
Archaic conception of Earth's shape
When Chinese geographers of the 17th century, influenced by European cartography and astronomy, showed the Earth as a sphere that could be circumnavigated
Flat_Earth
15th- and 16th-century art of the Low Countries
Discovery, the role of Antwerp as a booming centre both of world trade and cartography, and the wealthy town-dweller's view of the countryside, art historians
Early_Netherlandish_painting
German polymath (1769–1859)
"Humboldt's Map of Isothermal Lines: a Milestone in Thematic Cartography". Cartographic Journal 4 (1967) 119–123. de Terra 1955, pp. 375–376. Magali M
Alexander_von_Humboldt
Science of determining the positions of points and the distances and angles between them
Surveying instrument that uses the Sun's direction instead of magnetism Cartography – Study and practice of making maps Exsecant – Trigonometric function
Surveying
1861–1865 conflict in the United States
the Internet Archive. "American Civil World" maps at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection, Cornell University Library Statements of each
American_Civil_War
East-West geographic coordinate
These two inventions would revolutionise observational astronomy and cartography. On land, the period from the development of telescopes and pendulum
Longitude
Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14
State: Roman Cartography to the End of the Augustan Era". In Harley, J. B.; Woodward, David (eds.). The History of Cartography: Cartography in Prehistoric
Augustus
Commercial building in Manhattan, New York
of Building; Obtains Three Floors on West Fourteenth Street for WPA Cartographic Project". The New York Times. July 8, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived
Bergdorf_Goodman_Building
Supreme political and religious leadership position
Imami Shi'a, the imamate is not hereditary, nor is the imam a quasi-divine figure, without sin, possessed of infallibility (ismah), and capable of performing
Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine
2017. Roatsch, T.; Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.; Thomas, P. C. (2009). "Cartographic Mapping of the Icy Satellites Using ISS and VIMS Data". Saturn from Cassini-Huygens
List of Solar System objects by size
List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size
Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (formerly Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Air-Photography and Cartography) is the only educational institution
Meanings of minor-planet names: 11001–12000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_11001–12000
Period of European global exploration
Sayyid Maqbul (1992). "Cartography of al-Sharīf al-Idrīsī" (PDF). In Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David (eds.). Cartography in the traditional Islamic
Age_of_Discovery
Character in G.I. Joe
classified. Snake-Eater's specialties were ranger, counter-intelligence and cartography. He attended basic training, advanced infantry training, Airborne School
Firefly_(G.I._Joe)
Distance measured along the surface of the Earth
distance Great-circle navigation Ground sample distance Vincenty's formulae Meridian arc Scale (map) "The British Cartographic Society > How long is the UK
Geographical_distance
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
Williams, I.P. (February 2011). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical
Moon
original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024. Weizman, Eyal. "A Cartography of Genocide: Israel's Conduct in Gaza Since October 2023". forensic-architecture
Environmental impact of the Gaza war
Environmental_impact_of_the_Gaza_war
Episode of Neon Genesis Evangelion
Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. July 1996. Woznicki, Krystian (1997). "Towards a cartography of Japanese anime: Hideaki Anno's "Evangelion"". Blimp Film Magazine
Don't_Be
provisionally dated to between 200 BCE to 200 CE. The Ballachulish figure is a life-sized female figure in alder with quartz pebbles for eyes found under a wicker
Scotland_in_the_Iron_Age
Launcher Shelters". The Ground-to-Air Transmitter site which provided missile guidance was depicted one mile to the northwest. Figure 3—1. Typical Situation
SAGE_radar_stations
LSU Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-8071-3109-1. Susan Schulten (2010). "The Cartography of Slavery and the Authority of Statistics". Civil War History. 56 (1):
Slavery_in_the_United_States
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