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Mechanism of beta decay proposed in 1933
In particle physics, Fermi's interaction (also the Fermi theory of beta decay or the Fermi four-fermion interaction) is an explanation of the beta decay
Fermi's_interaction
Italian-American physicist (1901–1954)
later referred to as Fermi's interaction and now called weak interaction, described one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. Through experiments
Enrico_Fermi
Interaction between subatomic particles
early universe. In 1933, Enrico Fermi proposed the first theory of the weak interaction, known as Fermi's interaction. He suggested that beta decay could
Weak_interaction
Magnetic interaction between an electron and a nucleus
The Fermi contact interaction is the magnetic interaction between an electron and an atomic nucleus. Its major manifestation is in electron paramagnetic
Fermi_contact_interaction
femtometre Fermi arc, a phenomenon in superconductivity Fermi constant, constant that gives the strength of Fermi's interaction Fermi contact interaction, the
List of things named after Enrico Fermi
List_of_things_named_after_Enrico_Fermi
Theoretical model in physics
systems of particles in which the interactions between particles may be strong. The phenomenological theory of Fermi liquids was introduced by the Soviet
Fermi_liquid_theory
Point interactions with four fermions
following: Fermi's theory of the weak interaction. The interaction term has a V − A (vector minus axial) form. The Gross–Neveu model. This is a four-fermi theory
Four-fermion_interactions
Statistical description for the behavior of fermions
of negligible interaction between particles, the system can be described in terms of single-particle energy states. A result is the Fermi–Dirac distribution
Fermi–Dirac_statistics
Apparent paradox in chaos theory
In physics, the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) problem or formerly the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam problem was the apparent paradox in chaos theory that many complicated
Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem
Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou_problem
Primitive quantum mechanical model of electronic structure
correlation energy which captures the interaction among electrons with opposite spins. However, the Thomas–Fermi–Dirac theory remained rather inaccurate
Thomas–Fermi_model
Physical phenomenon
_{\text{Parent}}\right\rangle } with the interaction Hamiltonian forming 2 separate states from the perturbation. H ^ int = { G V 1 ^ τ ^ Fermi decay G A σ ^ τ ^ Gamow–Teller
Beta_decay_transition
Pictorial representation of the behavior of subatomic particles
representation of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior and interaction of subatomic particles. The scheme is named after American physicist
Feynman_diagram
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
chromodynamics, Quark model Weak interaction: Electroweak interaction, Fermi's interaction, Weak hypercharge, Weak isospin Gauge theory: Introduction to gauge
Standard_Model
Unified description of electromagnetism and the weak interaction
physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism
Electroweak_interaction
Toy model in quantum field theory
superconductivity. The 2 dimensional version has the advantage that the 4 fermi interaction is renormalizable, which it is not in any higher number of dimensions
Gross–Neveu_model
Relativistic interaction in quantum physics
mechanics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its
Spin–orbit_interaction
Mathematics of a particle physics model
Standard Model Strong interactions Flavor Quantum chromodynamics Quark model Weak interactions Electroweak interaction Fermi's interaction Weinberg angle Symmetry
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Physical model of non-interacting fermions
principle implies a sort of interaction or pressure that keeps fermions separated and moving. For this reason, the pressure of a Fermi gas is non-zero even at
Fermi_gas
Concept in quantum field theory and nanotechnology
have a Fermi surface (FS) belong to a universality class in quantum field theory. Any collection of fermions with weak repulsive interactions belongs
Fermi_point
Transition rate formula
In quantum physics, Fermi's golden rule is a formula that describes the transition rate (the probability of a transition per unit time) from one energy
Fermi's_golden_rule
Physical interaction between magnetic moments
the strength of the hyperfine interaction, m* is the effective mass of the electrons in the crystal, and km is the Fermi momentum. Intuitively, we may
RKKY_interaction
Subatomic particle having no substructure
depend on the version of quantum chromodynamics used to describe quark interactions. Quarks are always confined in an envelope of gluons that confer vastly
Elementary_particle
Theoretical framework in physics
particles. Building on this idea, Fermi proposed in 1932 an explanation for beta decay known as Fermi's interaction. Atomic nuclei do not contain electrons
Quantum_field_theory
Infrared divergence, infrared fixed point Ultraviolet divergence Fermi's interaction Path-ordering Landau pole Higgs mechanism Wilson line Wilson loop
List of mathematical topics in quantum theory
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_quantum_theory
Field of physics that studies atomic interactions
field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics
Nuclear_physics
of accelerator energies high enough to reveal processes beyond the Fermi interaction range. Additionally, a satisfactory theoretical understanding of hadron
History of quantum field theory
History_of_quantum_field_theory
Weak force particle interaction
neutral current interactions are one of the ways in which subatomic particles can interact by means of the weak force. These interactions are mediated by
Neutral_current
Extension of a quantum theory to another theory valid at higher energies
experiment, particularly cosmology distances. Ultraviolet divergence Fermi's interaction Quantum mechanics String theory Moffat, J. W. (2019). "Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet_completion
Space telescope for gamma-ray astronomy launched in 2008
search for spectral lines from Galactic dark matter interactions with pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope". Physical Review D. 91 (12) 122002
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope
1956 nuclear physics experiment on weak force parity conservation
strong interactions, also applied to weak interactions. If parity conservation were universal, particle decays governed by the weak interaction would behave
Wu_experiment
Microscopic interaction in metals
Bardeen–Pines interaction describes an effective interaction between two electrons in a metal. It combines the long-range repulsive Coulomb interaction with an
Bardeen–Pines_interaction
Screened Coulomb potential which exponentially decays
short-range force interaction and Fermi's idea of an exchange particle in order to fix the issue of the neutron-proton interaction. He deduced a potential
Yukawa_potential
Two closely related quantum phenomena
Fermi heap and Fermi hole refer to two closely related quantum phenomena that occur in many-electron atoms. They arise due to the Pauli exclusion principle
Fermi_heap_and_Fermi_hole
American nuclear physicist (1913–2013)
professor in 1955. In 1953, he provided experimental evidence of Fermi's interaction, a theoretical explanation for the beta decay phenomenon. Between
Rubby_Sherr
Difference between number of leptons and antileptons
ISBN 978-0-7167-4345-3. Konopinski, E.J.; Mahmoud, H.M. (1953-11-15). "The universal Fermi interaction". Physical Review. 92 (4): 1045–1049. Bibcode:1953PhRv...92.1045K
Lepton_number
Repulsive force in quantum mechanics
is weaker than the inward pull of gravity. Exchange interaction – Quantum mechanical effect Fermi level – Quantity in solid state thermodynamics Bose–Einstein
Electron_degeneracy_pressure
Force that acts between the protons and neutrons of atoms
The nuclear force (or nucleon–nucleon interaction, residual strong force, or, historically, strong nuclear force) is a force that acts between hadrons
Nuclear_force
1957 measurement of the neutrino helicity
the same underlying interaction, known as the weak interaction. Following the Fermi theory, it was assumed that the interaction was universal, meaning
Goldhaber_experiment
Concept in condensed matter physics
2-dimensional electron gas as well. Thomas–Fermi equation Friedel oscillations Bardeen–Pines interaction N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State
Thomas–Fermi_screening
High-energy particle physics laboratory in Illinois, US
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL; branded as Fermilab) is a national laboratory for high-energy particle physics, located in Batavia, Illinois
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Fermi_National_Accelerator_Laboratory
Method in physics used to deal with infinities
altering values of these quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions. Even if no infinities arose in loop diagrams in quantum field theory
Renormalization
Concept in computational chemistry
Configuration interaction (CI) is a post-Hartree–Fock linear variational method for solving the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation within the Born–Oppenheimer
Configuration_interaction
Italian physicist
nuclei, was the recognition to precursor's Enrico Fermi theory of interactions (Fermi's interactions) that all weak processes could be described by the
Giampietro_Puppi
Ratio of magnetic susceptibility to specific heat term
non-interacting Fermi gas, can provide insight into the types of interactions present. The Wilson ratio can be used to characterize strongly correlated Fermi liquids
Wilson_ratio
View of quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, the interaction picture (also known as the interaction representation or Dirac picture after Paul Dirac, who introduced it) is an
Interaction_picture
Computational quantum mechanical modelling method to investigate electronic structure
an effective interaction, a pseudopotential, that approximates the potential felt by the valence electrons, was first proposed by Fermi in 1934 and Hellmann
Density_functional_theory
Damping of electric fields
Coulomb interaction. Therefore, the Thomas–Fermi approximation is only valid when the electron density is low, so that the particle interactions are relatively
Electric-field_screening
Type of structure in atomic physics
levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to electromagnetic multipole interaction between the nucleus and electron clouds. In atoms, hyperfine structure
Hyperfine_structure
Property of the Fermi surface in condensed matter physics
energy gap at the Fermi energy and can transform the system into an insulating state. In 1959, Walter Kohn showed that the interaction between conduction
Fermi_surface_nesting
One way that particles can interact with the weak force
current interactions are one of two primary channels in which subatomic particles can interact by means of the weak force. These interactions are specifically
Charged_current
Theoretical model describing interacting fermions in a one-dimensional conductor
the strength of the interaction and the average density. For a non-interacting system, this wave velocity is equal to the Fermi velocity, while it is
Luttinger_liquid
Mechanism by which materials form into and are attracted to magnets
conducting electrons are often responsible for mediating the ferromagnetic interactions. It is therefore a challenge to develop ferromagnetic insulators, especially
Ferromagnetism
Method used in mathematical physics
case of the Landau pole and for nonrenormalizable couplings like the Fermi interaction. However, even for these two examples, if the regulator only gives
Regularization_(physics)
Type of radioactive decay
Fermi, neutrinos are created in the beta-decay process, rather than contained in the nucleus; the same happens to electrons. The neutrino interaction
Beta_decay
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral
Neutrino
The Enrico Fermi Prize, first awarded in 2001, is given by the Italian Physical Society (Società Italiana di Fisica). It is a yearly award of €30,000
Enrico_Fermi_Prize
Brazilian physicist (1920–2011)
(1950-08-01). "Reflection Properties of Spin ½ Fields and a Universal Fermi-Type Interaction". Physical Review. 79 (3). American Physical Society (APS): 495–498
Jayme_Tiomno
Microscopic theory of superconductivity
with the strength of the attractive interaction and the (normal phase) single particle density of states at the Fermi level. Furthermore, it describes how
BCS_theory
Describes the range of energies of an electron within the solid
picture, requires at least a rudimentary model of electron-electron interactions (see space charge, band bending). Small systems: For systems which are
Electronic_band_structure
Theoretical mechanism for unconventional superconductivity
to Bardeen–Pines interaction between electrons and phonons, Kohn–Luttinger mechanism is based on fact that screened Coulomb interaction oscillates as cos
Kohn–Luttinger superconductivity
Kohn–Luttinger_superconductivity
Weak, attractive magnetism possessed by most elements and some compounds
delocalized in space forming a Fermi gas. For these materials one contribution to the magnetic response comes from the interaction between the electron spins
Paramagnetism
Energy quantum particles contribute to themselves
lifetime. Self-energy is especially used to describe electron-electron interactions in Fermi liquids. Another example of self-energy is found in the context
Self-energy
Basic statistical model
interaction of the photons with an equilibrated mass. Using the results from either Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics or Fermi–Dirac
Gas_in_a_box
State of matter
Dipole–dipole interactions are the longest-range interactions possible between electrically neutral particles. For example the interaction between two permanent
Bose–Einstein_condensate
Model of electrons within a metallic solid
interactions between electrons does not change very much the picture presented here. Lev Landau showed that a Fermi gas under repulsive interactions,
Free_electron_model
Chinese-American physicist (1922–2025)
Prize in Physics for their work on parity non-conservation of the weak interaction, which was confirmed by the Wu experiment in 1956. The two proposed that
Yang_Chen-Ning
Standard energy scale for electroweak processes of 246 GeV
In particle physics, the electroweak scale, also known as the Fermi scale, is the energy scale around 246 GeV, a typical energy of processes described
Electroweak_scale
Model of the atomic nucleus
model with a three-dimensional harmonic oscillator plus a spin–orbit interaction. A more realistic but complicated potential is known as the Woods–Saxon
Nuclear_shell_model
British physicist and applied mathematician (1903–1992)
spin-orbit interaction in a hydrogenic atom (Thomas precession), creating an approximate theory of N {\displaystyle N} -body quantum systems (Thomas-Fermi theory)
Llewellyn_Thomas
Elementary particle that mediates the strong force
particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons
Gluon
Fermi's golden rule Fermi's interaction Fermi acceleration Fermi contact interaction Fermi coupling constant Fermi energy Fermi gas Fermi level Fermi
Index_of_physics_articles_(F)
Interaction of multiple waves in a nonlinear system
systems a resonant interaction is the interaction of three or more waves, usually but not always of small amplitude. Resonant interactions occur when a simple
Resonant_interaction
Danish physicist and educator (born 1959)
encryption and quantum computing. More recent work has focused on novel interactions between ultracold atoms and nanoscopic-scale systems. In addition to
Lene_Hau
Institute of Technology Experimental confirmation of neutrinos
Enrico Fermi in 1933. The theory posits that the beta decay process consists of four fermions directly interacting with one another. By this interaction, the
Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment
Cowan–Reines_neutrino_experiment
British theoretical physicist (1899–1968)
and down spins. This happens if the relative gain in exchange interaction (the interaction of electrons via the Pauli exclusion principle) is larger than
E._C._Stoner_(physicist)
Class of elementary particles
particle of half-integer spin (spin 1/2) that does not undergo strong interactions. Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the
Lepton
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
Fissionable nuclides primarily split in interactions with fast neutrons, while fissile nuclides easily split in interactions with "slow" i.e. thermal neutrons
Nuclear_fission
Theory of the strong nuclear interactions
theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental particles that
Quantum_chromodynamics
Theorem in condensed matter physics
remains true even as interactions between particles are taken into consideration provided that the appropriate definitions of Fermi surface and particle
Luttinger's_theorem
Quantum mechanics principle
black hole. Spin-statistics theorem Exchange interaction Exchange symmetry Fermi–Dirac statistics Fermi hole Hund's rule Pauli effect "Wolfgang Pauli
Pauli_exclusion_principle
Russian theoretical physicist (1931–2021)
caltech.edu. "Correlation functions for a one-dimensional Fermi system with long-range interaction (Tomonaga model) by I. E. Dzyaloshinskii and A. I. Larkin"
Igor_Dzyaloshinskii
Simplified model in condensed matter physics
in the lowest Bloch band, and long-range interactions between the particles can be ignored. If interactions between particles at different sites of the
Hubbard_model
Description of the ground state of a quantum system
bosons using the Hartree–Fock approximation and the pseudopotential interaction model. A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a gas of bosons that are in
Gross–Pitaevskii_equation
Pair of electrons bound together at low temperature, allowing for superconductivity
than the Fermi energy, which implies that the pair is bound. In conventional superconductors, this attraction is due to Bardeen–Pines interaction, a type
Cooper_pair
Screening phenomenon in metals
perturbations in a metallic or semiconductor system caused by a defect in the Fermi gas or Fermi liquid. Friedel oscillations are a quantum mechanical analog to electric
Friedel_oscillations
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
empty space), which breaks the weak isospin symmetry of the electroweak interaction and, via the Higgs mechanism, gives a rest mass to all massive elementary
Higgs_boson
Chinese-American physicist (1926–2024)
Ning Yang for their work on the violation of the parity law in weak interactions, which Chien-Shiung Wu experimentally proved from 1956 to 1957, with
Tsung-Dao_Lee
Superconductive behavior at temperatures much higher than absolute zero
Cu2+ ions, suggest that electron–electron interactions are more significant than electron–phonon interactions in cuprates – making the superconductivity
High-temperature superconductivity
High-temperature_superconductivity
Approximation in many-body systems
terms of the single particle Green's function G and the screened Coulomb interaction W Σ = i G W − G W G W G + ⋯ {\displaystyle \Sigma =iGW-GWGWG+\cdots }
GW_approximation
Quasiparticle in the fractional quantum Hall effect
"Composite-fermion spin excitations at u {\displaystyle u} approaches ½: Interactions in the Fermi sea". Physical Review Letters. 95 (5) 056808. Bibcode:2005PhRvL
Composite_fermion
Predicted phase in quark matter
as a Fermi liquid of electrons, and below a critical temperature, an attractive phonon-mediated interaction between the electrons near the Fermi surface
Color_superconductivity
Regular pattern of magnetic moment ordering
that interaction, ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order will result. Geometrical frustration or competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions may
Antiferromagnetism
dark matter that focuses on looking for the products of dark matter interactions (particularly Standard Model particles) rather than the dark matter itself
Indirect detection of dark matter
Indirect_detection_of_dark_matter
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
neutrons can bind via the strong interaction and then form atoms with electrons largely through electromagnetic interaction. There is no evidence that dark
Dark_matter
Type of subatomic particle
In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin 1/2, spin 3/2
Fermion
Type of approximation to an underlying physical theory
electroweak interactions, which forms a part of the Standard Model of particle physics. In this more fundamental theory, the interactions are mediated
Effective_field_theory
State of matter between hot plasma and cold condensed matter
of intense-laser–target interactions (including the inertial confinement fusion research), particle-beam–target interactions, and in other setups where
Warm_dense_matter
Field of physics that studies the atom
Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. It is primarily concerned with the way in which electrons
Atomic_physics
2023 film by Christopher Nolan
real-life size, the team used forced perspective. Visualizations of the interactions between atoms, molecules and energy waves, as well as the depiction of
Oppenheimer_(film)
Elementary particle, fundamental constituent of matter
four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction), as well as the
Quark
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FERMIS INTERACTION
FERMIS INTERACTION
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