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microeconomics, the expenditure function represents the minimum amount of expenditure needed to achieve a given level of utility, given a utility function and the
Expenditure_function
Concept in microeconomics
Hicksian demand function (or compensated demand function) represents the quantity of a good demanded when the consumer minimizes expenditure while maintaining
Hicksian_demand_function
Economic model relating consumption and disposable income
In economics, the consumption function describes a relationship between consumption and disposable income. The concept is believed to have been introduced
Consumption_function
Lemma
choice. The lemma states that if indifference curves of the expenditure or cost function are convex, then the cost-minimizing point of a given good (
Shephard's_lemma
utility target while minimizing expenditure? This is answered by the Hicksian demand function. Formally, the expenditure function is defined as follows. Suppose
Expenditure minimization problem
Expenditure_minimization_problem
Economics theorem
utility function is differentiable in all arguments. Roy's identity is akin to the result that the price derivatives of the expenditure function give the
Roy's_identity
market, their income consumption curves and their Engel curves (expenditure as a function of income) should be parallel straight lines. This means that
Gorman_polar_form
Compulsory contribution to state revenue
population, which results in a smaller infrastructure and social expenditure) function as tax havens by imposing minimal taxes on the personal income of
Tax
Economic price index
index. A Konüs index is a type of cost-of-living index that uses an expenditure function such as one used in assessing expected compensating variation. The
Cost-of-living_index
The value of the equivalent variation is given in terms of the expenditure function ( e ( ⋅ , ⋅ ) {\displaystyle e(\cdot ,\cdot )} ) as E V = e ( p 0
Equivalent_variation
Economic formula of productivity
special case of the Gorman polar form. The expenditure function is the inverse of the indirect utility function: e ( p , u ) = ( 1 / K ) ∏ i = 1 n p i α
Cobb–Douglas production function
Cobb–Douglas_production_function
Economic measure of utility change
consumer welfare, valued at the changed prices. In terms of the expenditure function, e ( p , u ) {\displaystyle e(p,u)} , the compensating variation
Compensating_variation
Equation in economics
u))} where e ( p , u ) {\displaystyle e(\mathbf {p} ,u)} is the expenditure function, and u is the utility obtained by maximizing utility given p and
Slutsky_equation
Stone–Geary function reduces to the generalised Cobb–Douglas function. The Stone–Geary utility function gives rise to the Linear Expenditure System. In
Stone–Geary_utility_function
Concept in economics
+ y r ) 1 / r . {\displaystyle u(x,y)=(x^{r}+y^{r})^{1/r}.} The expenditure function in this case is: e ( p x , p y , u ) = ( p x r / ( r − 1 ) + p y
Constant elasticity of substitution
Constant_elasticity_of_substitution
Concept in economics
the following system of equations: Start with a linear aggregate-expenditure function: A E = A E 0 + b Y , 1 > b > 0 , {\displaystyle AE=AE_{0}+bY\;,\;1>b>0\;
Keynesian_cross
Irish government department
Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation. The department was established in July 2011, and took over the functions of
Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation
Department_of_Public_Expenditure,_Infrastructure,_Public_Service_Reform_and_Digitalisation
US Government spending through the tax code
are a counterpart to direct expenditures, in that they both are forms of government spending. Tax expenditures function as subsidies for certain activities
Tax_expenditure
Money spent to produce or procure goods or services
their applicability. In accounting, costs are the monetary value of expenditures for supplies, services, labor, products, equipment and other items purchased
Cost
Irish government cabinet minister
The Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation (Irish: An tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin
Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation
Minister_for_Public_Expenditure,_Infrastructure,_Public_Service_Reform_and_Digitalisation
Consumer demand model
estimate. The AIDS model is based on a first specification of a cost/expenditure function c(u,p): log ( c ( u , p ) ) = α 0 + ∑ k α k log ( p k ) + 1 2
Almost_ideal_demand_system
Economic function
w^{0}),\quad i=1,\dots ,n.} The indirect utility function is the inverse of the expenditure function when the prices are kept constant. I.e, for every
Indirect_utility_function
Government consumptions, investments, and transfer payments
Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments. In national income accounting, the acquisition
Government_spending
Problem in microeconomics
function. First, one recovers an expenditure function e ( p , u ) {\displaystyle e(p,u)} for the consumer. Then, with the properties of expenditure functions
Integrability_of_demand
Concept in modern economics
with households, firms and a government. Households maximize a utility function u h ( x h , z h ) {\displaystyle u^{h}(x^{h},z^{h})} , where x h {\displaystyle
Invisible_hand
Term in economics
}}p_{1}x_{1}+p_{2}x_{2}=m\}{\mbox{ for }}i=1,2.} Now define the optimal expenditure function E ( p 1 , p 2 , m ) = p 1 x 1 ∗ ( p 1 , p 2 , m ) + p 2 x 2 ∗ ( p
Shadow_price
Rate of energy expenditure by an endotherm at rest
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time
Basal_metabolic_rate
Problem of allocation of money by consumers in order to most benefit themselves
the utility function and Marshallian demand in the utility maximization problem mirrors the relationship between the expenditure function and Hicksian
Utility_maximization_problem
2008 political scandal in Ireland
to foreign travel expenses, saying he was "never aware" of any excess expenditure. Rody Molloy is a career civil servant who was appointed as director
FÁS_expenses_scandal
Branch of economics
the table pick "All financing schemes". Set "Function" menu to "Current expenditure on health (all functions)". Set "Provider" menu to "All providers".
Health_economics
American anthropologist
metabolism, movement, digestion, reproduction, and immune function). Instead, energy expenditure increases with activity only up to a certain point, after
Herman_Pontzer
Standing committee of the United States House of Representatives
originally the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments, created in 1927 to consolidate 11 separate Committees on Expenditures that had previously
United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Government_Reform
Metabolism in resting mammals
represents most, if not all measurements or estimates of daily energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry is the study or clinical use of the relationship
Resting_metabolic_rate
Consumption irrespective of income
transfer payments). Consumption (economics) Consumption function Dissaving "31.31: The Aggregate Expenditure Model". Economics - Theory Through Applications.
Autonomous_consumption
Statistic to indicate the change in typical household expenditure
coverage of the index may be limited. Consumers' expenditure abroad is usually excluded; visitors' expenditure within the country may be excluded in principle
Consumer_price_index
Using money to obtain an item for use
individuals for immediate use constitutes consumption, while other types of expenditure – in particular, fixed investment, intermediate consumption, and government
Consumption_(economics)
Balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures
change it if the client accepts the service. A budget expresses intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them with resources. A budget may
Budget
Maynard Keynes to analyze the consumption function, which is a formula where total consumption expenditures (C) of a household consist of autonomous consumption
Average_propensity_to_consume
the structuring on new firms to rebuild national economies. expenditure function Any function which gives the minimum amount of money an individual needs
Glossary_of_economics
Income and expenditure from daily business
the revenue and expenditure generated from the daily business functions of the company. It concentrates on the operating expenditures — the cost of goods
Operating_budget
Government ministry of India
Thakur is the current secretary of this department. The Department of Expenditure is the nodal department for overseeing the public financial management
Ministry_of_Finance_(India)
Curve describing how household income varies with household expenditure
observation and the estimated expenditure level tends to increase dramatically. Engel curve and other demand function models still fail to explain most
Engel_curve
Empirical observation in economics that as income rises, less is spent on food
spent on food decreases, even though the total amount of food expenditure increases. Expenditure on housing and clothing remains proportionally the same, and
Engel's_law
2017 fatal fire in West London
total. Demolition began in September 2025. The Grenfell Tower Memorial (Expenditure) Act 2026 was passed to enable long-term government spending on a memorial
Grenfell_Tower_fire
Physical exercise intense enough to cause lactate formation
energy expenditure. Intense exercise lasting upwards of four minutes (e.g. a mile race) may still have considerable anaerobic energy expenditure. An example
Anaerobic_exercise
Type of computing virtualization
Virtualization of network functions deployed on general purpose standardized hardware is expected to reduce capital and operational expenditures, and service and
Network function virtualization
Network_function_virtualization
Economic concept
imports, X − M. Thus investment is everything that remains of total expenditure after consumption, government spending, and net exports are subtracted
Investment_(macroeconomics)
Purchasing of newly produced fixed capital
technology. Normally, a company balance sheet will state both the amount of expenditure on fixed assets during the quarter or year, and the total value of the
Fixed_investment
contact at the biotech company, she admits that an aberration in lab expenditures one year was caused by a technician who had mad cow disease. While the
List_of_Traders_episodes
List of Irish Ministers of State
Government of Ireland who performs duties and functions delegated by the Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation
Minister_of_State_at_the_Department_of_Public_Expenditure,_Infrastructure,_Public_Service_Reform_and_Digitalisation
Consumption that varies with income
“induced consumption”. In contrast, expenditures for autonomous consumption do not vary with income. For instance, expenditure on a consumable that is considered
Induced_consumption
Statistical model for censored regressands
mitigate the problem of zero-inflated data for observations of household expenditure on durable goods. Because Tobin's method can be easily extended to handle
Tobit_model
Goods that are neither complements nor substitutes
subject to the budget constraint that expenditure on the two goods cannot exceed income, gives rise to this demand function for good 1: X 1 = a m / p 1 , {\displaystyle
Independent_goods
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
solutions. The function f is variously called an objective function, criterion function, loss function, cost function (minimization), utility function or fitness
Mathematical_optimization
Projection of revenues and spending for a fiscal year
A government budget is a projection of the government's revenues and expenditure for a particular period, often referred to as a financial or fiscal year
Government_budget
Function Description Projected Actual Expenditures Operating Expenditures Development Expenditures Expenditures 1 Parliament 131.1 131.1 —N/a 2 Office
2016_Malaysian_federal_budget
opportunities for waste, fraud, abuse, maladministration, and unauthorized expenditures for administration and execution of those Acts, and for other purposes;
List of acts of the 106th United States Congress
List_of_acts_of_the_106th_United_States_Congress
Supreme audit institution of India
Constitution of India. They are empowered to audit all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the State Governments, including those
Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_India
Prime Minister of India since 2014
associated programmes was almost halved between 2014 and 2022. Capital expenditure on transport infrastructure significantly rose, increasing from less
Narendra_Modi
Increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity
popularized to explain or perhaps attempt to quantify anaerobic energy expenditure, particularly as regards lactic acid/lactate metabolism; in fact, the
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
Excess_post-exercise_oxygen_consumption
13 May 1864 An Act to make Provision for equalizing the Revenue and Expenditure of the Aberbrothwick Harbour Trust; to enable the Trustees to borrow
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1864
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1864
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
computational effort has been expended. Verifiers can subsequently confirm this expenditure with minimal effort on their part. The concept was first proposed by
Proof_of_work
Indian State Government
dividends and profits, interest receipts, fees, and other receipts. Major expenditure is incurred on salaries, pensions, interest payments, education, healthcare
Government_of_Kerala
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
funding covers approximately 75.2% of health expenditures. Despite the universal health care, total expenditure on health as a share of GDP in 2018 was the
Turkey
fractional change in import expenditure that occurs with a change in GDP. Mathematically, the marginal propensity to import (MPM) function is expressed as the
Marginal_propensity_to_import
Combined military forces of Ireland
2024 was €1.5bn, including an extra €21m over previous expenditure and €34m in capital expenditure on top of the original capital ceiling of the National
Defence_Forces_(Ireland)
Irish Government agency
remit of the Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation, with functions largely delegated to a Minister
Office_of_Public_Works
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
sector faced many difficulties, among them the country's high military expenditure and hostile relations with the First World. In 1991, the Soviet Union
Soviet_Union
Country primarily in Western Europe
military and the second most powerful in Europe. France's annual military expenditure in 2023 was US$61.3 billion, or 2.1% of its GDP, making it the eighth
France
Member of the British royal family (1961–1997)
from September 1996 onwards she was required to pay her bills and "any expenditure" incurred by her or on her behalf. Furthermore, she continued to have
Diana,_Princess_of_Wales
Country in West Asia
with men (90%) significantly more literate than women (81%). Government expenditure on education is around 4% of GDP. The requirement to enter into higher
Iran
Country primarily in North America
". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 6, 2025. "Trends in Military Expenditure 2025" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. April
United_States
Election authority in India
election expenditure. Directing district electoral officer or the returning officer during important decisions. Maintaining daily expenditure details from
Chief Electoral Officer (India)
Chief_Electoral_Officer_(India)
Economic theory by Adolph Wagner
the law of increasing state activity, is the observation that public expenditure increases as national income rises. It is named after the German economist
Wagner's_law
greed of a prime minister, of a favorite, of a mistress, of foolish expenditures, and the prodigality of a King, which soon exhausted a bank and… undermined
Paris_in_the_18th_century
Parliamentary hearings
committees of the Australian Senate hold hearings to examine government expenditure. Hearings take place in committee rooms within Parliament House following
Australian_Senate_estimates
Island country in Southeast Asia
2007. Retrieved 19 February 2011. "International Comparisons of Defence Expenditure and Military Personnel". The Military Balance. 124 (1): 542–547. 2024
Singapore
Total market value of goods and services produced within a country
output or value added) approach, the income approach, and the speculated expenditure approach. It is representative of the total output and income within
Gross_domestic_product
109-433 December 20, 2006 (No short title) An act to permit certain expenditures from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Pub. L. 109–433
List of acts of the 109th United States Congress
List_of_acts_of_the_109th_United_States_Congress
501(c)(3) organization based in Washington D.C.
consulting firm, was an inspiration for the 85 Fund to serve a similar function on the right. The secretary of The 85 Fund is Carrie Severino, who is the
The_85_Fund
Country in Southeast Asia
paramilitary forces, may be as high as 5,000,000. In 2015, Vietnam's military expenditure totalled approximately US$4.4 billion, equivalent to around 8% of its
Vietnam
Parliamentary committee
check on the government especially with respect to its expenditure bill and its primary function is to examine the audit report of Comptroller and Auditor
Public Accounts Committee (India)
Public_Accounts_Committee_(India)
2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision
campaigns. Kennedy's opinion holds that the prohibition of all independent expenditures by corporations and unions in the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act violated
Citizens_United_v._FEC
Indian state government department
department manages the state's finances, including revenue collection, expenditure control, and cash flow management. It ensures that financial transactions
Department of Finance (West Bengal)
Department_of_Finance_(West_Bengal)
American multinational technology company
largest corporate spenders on research and development worldwide, with R&D expenditure amounting to over $27 billion. In May 2023, Apple reported a decline
Apple_Inc.
legislation. In 2021, the government estimated the value of public sector expenditure on goods and services at around £290 billion per year, an increase of
Government procurement in the United Kingdom
Government_procurement_in_the_United_Kingdom
2007 mortgage crisis in the United States
characterized as investments, loans, and loan guarantees, rather than direct expenditures. In many cases, the government purchased financial assets such as commercial
Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Country in northwestern Europe
as fifteenth-best in Europe and eighteenth in the world. Since 1979 expenditure on healthcare has increased significantly. The 2018 OECD data, which
United_Kingdom
that equilibrates the money market as a function of the independent variable income (which equals expenditure on an economy-wide basis in equilibrium)
Economic_graph
President of the United States from 2021 to 2025
confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up. When he completed that role in February 2011, he said the
Joe_Biden
Copper mine in Australia
doubled. However, achieving that target necessitated a massive capital expenditure. Great Cobar was to become a vast industrial undertaking in a remote
Great_Cobar_mine
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and having the third-highest military expenditure in the world. Its economy ranks among the largest in the world by both
Russia
Ministry in Kerala, India
finance department was formed to formulate state financial policies, expenditure controls, investment opportunities and controlling fiscal deficits, the
Department of Finance (Kerala)
Department_of_Finance_(Kerala)
Provider of services for mobile virtual network operators
Reduced Investment: They slash high initial Capital Expenditure (Capex) and ongoing Operational Expenditure (Opex) by providing ready-made infrastructure,
Mobile virtual network enabler
Mobile_virtual_network_enabler
blurred (as classic debate of what is Capex and Opex) when looking at such expenditure items, for e.g. Fleet and Transportation. Companies' senior executives
Indirect_procurement
British statesman and writer (1874–1965)
especially increases in army funding. He believed additional military expenditure should go to the navy. This upset the Conservative front bench but was
Winston_Churchill
Local civic body in Gurugram, Haryana, India
budgets for the city, maintaining corporation account books, accounting of expenditure bills, and pension cases of its employees. Administration - The Joint
Gurgaon_Municipal_Corporation
Chemical compound
supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance". Journal of the International Society
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine
Country in South Asia
inequality. It is a nuclear-weapon state that ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China
India
broadly, the portion of the budget that goes to any military-related expenditures. It pays the salaries, training, and health care of uniformed and civilian
Military budget of the United States
Military_budget_of_the_United_States
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
Male
Egyptian
, a great functionary.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for someone who made bags or purses or for an official in charge of expenditure, from Middle English purse (via Old English from Latin bursa).Scottish : variant of Purser.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by the gates of a medieval walled town. The Middle English singular gate is from the Old English plural, gatu, of geat ‘gate’ (see Yates). Since medieval gates were normally arranged in pairs, fastened in the center, the Old English plural came to function as a singular, and a new Middle English plural ending in -s was formed. In some cases the name may refer specifically to the Sussex place Eastergate (i.e. ‘eastern gate’), known also as Gates in the 13th and 14th centuries, when surnames were being acquired.Americanized spelling of German Götz (see Goetz).Translated form of French Barrière (see Barriere).In New England, Gates was the preferred English version of the name of an extensive French family, called Barrière dit Langevin.
Male
Egyptian
, Functionary of the Interior.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a dresser of cloth, Old English fullere (from Latin fullo, with the addition of the English agent suffix). The Middle English successor of this word had also been reinforced by Old French fouleor, foleur, of similar origin. The work of the fuller was to scour and thicken the raw cloth by beating and trampling it in water. This surname is found mostly in southeast England and East Anglia. See also Tucker and Walker.In a few cases the name may be of German origin with the same form and meaning as 1 (from Latin fullare).Americanized version of French Fournier.Samuel Fuller (1589–1633), born in Redenhall, Norfolk, England, was among the Pilgrim Fathers who sailed on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a deacon of the church and until his death functioned as Plymouth Colony’s physician.
Male
Egyptian
, the son of the functionary Heknofre.
Biblical
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Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex)
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex) : occupational name for a designer or engineer, from a Middle English reduced form of Old French engineor ‘contriver’ (a derivative of engaigne ‘cunning’, ‘ingenuity’, ‘stratagem’, ‘device’). Engineers in the Middle Ages were primarily designers and builders of military machines, although in peacetime they might turn their hands to architecture and other more pacific functions.German : from the Latin personal name Januarius (see January 1). Jänner is a South German word for ‘January’, and so it is possible that this is one of the surnames acquired from words denoting months of the year, for example by converts who had been baptized in that month, people who were born or baptized in that month, or people whose taxes were due in January.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian functionary.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the animal, Middle English catte ‘cat’. The word is found in similar forms in most European languages from very early times (e.g. Gaelic cath, Slavic kotu). Domestic cats were unknown in Europe in classical times, when weasels fulfilled many of their functions, for example in hunting rodents. They seem to have come from Egypt, where they were regarded as sacred animals.English : from a medieval female personal name, a short form of Catherine.Variant spelling of German and Dutch Katt.
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian, Japanese
Mysterious Function
Male
Celtic
, great justiciary, or functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, a high Egyptian functionary.
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 1' and 'Henry VI, Part 2' and 'King Henry the Eighth' Duke of Suffolk, a prisoner...
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Bride
Boy/Male
Hindu
Perfect isolation, Salvation
Girl/Female
French
Victorious.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Name of Lord Muruga
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fire, 9th month of iranian calendar
Boy/Male
Tamil
Parantapa | பரஂதாபாÂ
Conqueror, Arjun
Girl/Female
Tamil
Full of grace, Like a peacock
Boy/Male
Indian
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Punjabi, Sikh
Perfume; Frangrance
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
EXPENDITURE FUNCTION
a.
Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent expenditure of money.
a.
Relating to expense; regulating expense or expenditure.
a.
Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy.
n.
That which is expended; expenditure.
adv. & a.
In arrears financially; in a state where expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds.
n.
Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness.
n.
Foolish expenditure; waste.
adv.
With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure.
a.
Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful; as, an extravagant man.
n.
That which is expended or paid out; expense.
n.
A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure.
v. i.
To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich.
n.
Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money; excessive liberality; profusion; waste; -- opposed to frugality, economy, and parsimony.
n.
That which goes out, or is paid out; outlay; expenditure; -- the opposite of income.
n.
The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement.
a.
To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from waste or expenditure; to lay up; to reserve.
v. i.
To avoid unnecessary expense or expenditure; to prevent waste; to be economical.
n.
Outlay; expenditure.
a.
Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, profuse expenditure.
n.
The act of expending; expenditure.