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Employment protection legislation (EPL) includes all types of employment protection measures, whether grounded primarily in legislation, court rulings
Employment protection legislation
Employment_protection_legislation
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Employment Protection Act 1975 (c. 71) (EPA 1975) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The long title was, An Act to establish machinery
Employment Protection Act 1975
Employment_Protection_Act_1975
Laws that govern the relationship between workers, employers, unions and governments
labour legislation was passed − the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802. This was the first, albeit modest, step towards the protection of labour
Labour_law
Topics referred to by the same term
El Pollo Loco, an American restaurant chain Employment practices liability Employment protection legislation Escola Portuguesa de Luanda, a Portuguese international
EPL
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
case. Section 160(1). Section 160(3). Section 160(2). UK Legislation, Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978, Section 7, accessed on 30 May 2025
Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978
Employment_Protection_(Consolidation)_Act_1978
Political-economic model common across Europe
globalisation and typically contrasts the degree of employment regulation and social protection in European countries to conditions in the United States
European_social_model
End of an existing relationship between an employee and their employer
ISBN 978-0-273-64646-4. "Employment Protection Legislation" (PDF). International Labour Organization. 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2023. "Employment Rights Act 1996"
Termination_of_employment
Speed with which labour markets adapt to changes
Non-permanent type of employment Corporate amnesia – Loss of shared knowledge and experience Employment Protection Legislation Flexicurity – Welfare-state
Labour_market_flexibility
US federal law
polygraph (lie detector) tests, either for pre-employment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions. According to testimony
Employee Polygraph Protection Act
Employee_Polygraph_Protection_Act
Kind of contract in labour law
(which could mean less employment legislation protection) or as having an "employment relationship" (which could mean protection somewhere in between)
Employment_contract
Welfare-state model with a pro-active labour market policy
labour contracts have been introduced in countries where employment protection legislation is or has been restrictive (e.g. temporary work). This may
Flexicurity
People without work and actively seeking work
differs from common usage Effective unemployment rate Employment protection legislation Employment-to-population ratio Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
Unemployment
Legislation proposed in the United States Congress
The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) is legislation proposed in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment
Employment Non-Discrimination Act
Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act
Study of the markets for wage labour
price Demographic economics Employment Unemployment Employment Protection Legislation Compensation of employees Employment-to-population ratio Economic
Labour_economics
International law firm
and in specific industries. Employment protection legislation American Society of International Law "About Us". Employment Law Alliance. Retrieved 15 June
Employment_Law_Alliance
1017/s1598240800002976. Lin, Yen-Ling (2013). "Wage Effects of Employment Protection Legislation in Taiwan" (PDF). Asian Economic Journal. 27 (2): 145–161
Economy_of_Taiwan
Government department of Western Australia
The Department of Consumer and Employment Protection was a department of the Government of Western Australia. As of 1 January 2009, it became the Department
Department of Consumer and Employment Protection
Department_of_Consumer_and_Employment_Protection
Swiss economist
among countries facing economic recessions or strict employment protection legislation, and that generous retirement provisions make early retirement attractive
David_Dorn
Labor Economics 465. On OECD studies, see E McGaughey, 'OECD Employment Protection Legislation Indicators and Reform' (2019) ssrn.com cf Bernie Sanders presidential
United_States_labor_law
Form of government regulation on professions or vocations for compensation
recognize out-of-state occupational licenses. Baumol effect Employment protection legislation Labor economics Labour market flexibility Law and economics
Occupational_licensing
United Kingdom statutory instrument
The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/246) known colloquially as TUPE and pronounced TU-pee, are the United
Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006
Transfer_of_Undertakings_(Protection_of_Employment)_Regulations_2006
The United Kingdom had a 16 hour per week threshold for all employment protection legislation, and if one had worked for 5 years in a job before a dismissal
R (Equal Opportunities Commission) v Secretary of State for Employment
R_(Equal_Opportunities_Commission)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Employment
Doctrine in English contract law
employment protection legislation, as demonstrated in Notcutt, where Mr Notcutt was not allowed to pursue sick pay under the Employment Protection (Consolidation)
Frustration_in_English_law
Relationship between employee and employer
Employment is a relationship between two parties regulating the provision of paid labour services. Usually based on a contract, one party, the employer
Employment
Workplace and human rights statuses
international labor and employment law. In general, these rights influence working conditions in the relations of employment. One of the most prominent
Labor_rights
Protection of US employees from types of employment discrimination
other institution. Examples of legislation to foster it or to protect it from eroding include the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which was
Equal_employment_opportunity
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
dating from the Contracts of Employment Act 1963, included the Redundancy Payments Act 1965, the Employment Protection Act 1975, and the Wages Act 1986
Employment_Rights_Act_1996
Canadian law for equitable employment
Indigenous peoples. (The actual legislation uses the term "Aboriginal peoples" for Indigenous peoples). The act states that "employment equity means more than
Employment_equity_(Canada)
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Employment Relations Act 1999 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk. Text of the Employment
Employment_Relations_Act_1999
French economist
23%) during the Great Recession if it had adopted French employment protection legislation and thereby restricted the use of temporary contracts, thus
Pierre_Cahuc
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Trade and Accession Agreement committed the UK to not reduce employment rights protection in a way that affected trade, but did not prevent the UK from
Employment_Rights_Act_2025
2000 House of Lords employment law case
that various small percentages of employers considered that employment protection legislation in general, and the provisions relating to unfair dismissal
R v Secretary of State for Employment, ex p Seymour-Smith
R_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Employment,_ex_p_Seymour-Smith
Swedish legislation regulating the labour market
The Employment Protection Act, (Swedish: Lagen om anställningsskydd, often abbreviated as LAS) is a labour-market regulation in Sweden. The current law
Employment Protection Act (of Sweden)
Employment_Protection_Act_(of_Sweden)
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Employment. The Employment and Training Act 1973 has been amended by later legislation. Section 7 was repealed by Employment Protection Act 1975 Section
Employment and Training Act 1973
Employment_and_Training_Act_1973
Exposing of scandalous activity
limited protections as part of their anti-corruption, freedom of information, or employment laws. Additionally, beyond national legislations, international
Whistleblowing
EU regulation on information privacy
performs an adequacy decision on the suitability of British data protection legislation (Chapter V). As part of the withdrawal agreement, the European Commission
General Data Protection Regulation
General_Data_Protection_Regulation
United States federal law on military
stayed behind."[citation needed] The holding, requiring that legislation providing protections to uniformed service members be "liberally construed," is
Uniformed Services Employment and Re-employment Rights Act of 1994
Uniformed_Services_Employment_and_Re-employment_Rights_Act_of_1994
effect as Conventions, such as the Employment Relationship Recommendation, 2006 (No. 198) that ensures universal protection of workers for rights, and requires
List of International Labour Organization Conventions
List_of_International_Labour_Organization_Conventions
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
of the legislation included discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, nationality, ethnic and national origin in the fields of employment, the provision
Race_Relations_Act_1976
case law rather than statutory. In Alberta, labour law has legislation like the Employment Standards Code, the Labour Relations Code, and the Restoring
Canadian_labour_law
Federal Service for Labor and Employment, Russia
of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. It carries out enforcement functions in the field of labor, employment and alternative civil
Federal Service for Labour and Employment
Federal_Service_for_Labour_and_Employment
& G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2020), employment protections for LGBTQ people were patchwork; several states
LGBTQ employment discrimination in the United States
LGBTQ_employment_discrimination_in_the_United_States
UK law case
plc v Nicholson [2010] IRLR 4 (EAT) is a UK employment discrimination law case, concerning the protection of religion or belief. Regarding the question
Grainger_plc_v_Nicholson
UK employment legislation
included by the legislation. It is unclear if the legislation will require sharing tips with employees on maternity leave. Employment law is devolved
Employment (Allocation of Tips) Act 2023
Employment_(Allocation_of_Tips)_Act_2023
Statute of the Parliament of New Zealand
monitoring compliance with other employment related legislation. (e) to deal with an individual's terms and conditions of employment (actual or proposed). (f)
Employment_Relations_Act_2000
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Worker Protection (Amendment of Equality Act 2010) Act 2023 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov
Worker Protection (Amendment of Equality Act 2010) Act 2023
Worker_Protection_(Amendment_of_Equality_Act_2010)_Act_2023
December 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2019. "Employment amendment" (PDF). www.bahamas.gov.bs. 2012. "Legislation" (PDF). laws.bahamas.gov.bs. 1938. "Monograph"
List of minimum annual leave by country
List_of_minimum_annual_leave_by_country
differs from common usage Effective unemployment rate Employment Protection Legislation Employment rate Federal Reserve Economic Data FRED Graduate unemployment
List of countries by long-term unemployment rate
List_of_countries_by_long-term_unemployment_rate
Laws concerning suicide around the world
the legislation received royal assent on 22 April 2021. The legislation went into effect on 23 October 2022. Under the provisions of the legislation, in
Suicide_legislation
Type of Australian background check
Herald. Child Protection (Working with Children) Act 2012. Child Protection (Working with Children) Regulation 2013. Child Protection Legislation Amendment
Working_With_Children_Check
ensuring the protection and promotion of occupational well-being, and participating in the development of social legislation. The FPS Employment, Labour and
Federal Public Service Employment
Federal_Public_Service_Employment
legislation regarding market liberalization at the request of the European Central Bank (ECB)[citation needed]. Constitutional rights of employment are
Labor_policy_in_Italy
Indian worker law
Mission (Gramin) Act (VB–G RAM G). The new legislation replaced MGNREGA with an updated rural employment and livelihood guarantee framework under the
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
Mahatma_Gandhi_National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act,_2005
States.’ In the United Kingdom, the relevant implementing legislation is found in the Employment Rights Act 1996. Under section 166 any employee may lodge
Insolvency Protection Directive 2008
Insolvency_Protection_Directive_2008
Railway Protection Force Act 1957 23 Wealth-Tax Act 1957 27 Inter-State Corporation Act 1957 38 Naga Hills-Tuensang Area Act 1957 42 Public Employment (Requirement
List of acts of the Parliament of India
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_India
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
from legislation.gov.uk. Text of the Employment Relations Act 2004 as originally enacted or made within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
Employment_Relations_Act_2004
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
51, 58, 104 and 183. "Employment Rights Act 1996", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1996 c. 18 Text of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 as
Employment_Tribunals_Act_1996
United States law
Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 is a United States federal law which amends Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to strengthen protections against
Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Act_of_1972
British economist (born 1963)
Machine Griffith, Rachel; Macartney, Gareth (March 2014). "Employment protection legislation, multinational firms, and innovation". The Review of Economics
Rachel_Griffith
the legal protections for whistleblowers in the U.S. With regard to federal legislation, the broadest law is the Whistleblower Protection Act. However
Whistleblower protection in the United States
Whistleblower_protection_in_the_United_States
disciplinary action. State laws often extend protection to additional categories or employers. Under federal employment discrimination law, employers generally
Employment discrimination law in the United States
Employment_discrimination_law_in_the_United_States
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Employment Act 1972", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1972 c. 53 "Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978", legislation.gov.uk, The National
Contracts of Employment Act 1972
Contracts_of_Employment_Act_1972
EU employment legislation
pillar of the "European social model". Despite wide variation in employment protection and related welfare provision between member states, a contrast
European_labour_law
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
through 27 remaining wage councils. It also recast parts of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 and altered the Trade Union and Labour
Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993
Trade_Union_Reform_and_Employment_Rights_Act_1993
reflect ECHR principles. More specific legislation, with the Data Protection Act 1998 sections 17-19 and the Employment Relations Act 1999 (Blacklists) Regulations
United_Kingdom_labour_law
Intelligence Community. It therefore accepts the disclosures and provides source protection for those providing the information. The Department of Defense funds and
Defense Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection
Defense_Intelligence_Community_Whistleblower_Protection
ensuring full employment. Ensuring the employment of Azerbaijani citizens, the legal regulation of social protection of the unemployed and job-seeking citizens
Azerbaijan Public Employment Agency
Azerbaijan_Public_Employment_Agency
Laws enacted to protect women from hazards or difficulties of paid work
difficulties of paid work. These laws had the effect of reducing the employment available to women, restricting it to men. Protective laws often included
Protective_laws
European Parliament committee
rights; legislation and policy addressing violence against women and domestic violence; the economic independence of women and equality in employment; the
European Parliament Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality
European_Parliament_Committee_on_Women's_Rights_and_Gender_Equality
Landmark U.S. civil rights and labor law
citizens equal protection of the laws under the 14th Amendment, and its duty to protect voting rights under the 15th Amendment. The legislation was proposed
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964
Guidelines and laws to regulate AI
holistic package of legislation for trust and privacy: the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act, and
Regulation of artificial intelligence
Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence
Legal topic in the United Kingdom
(link) "Worker Protection (Amendment of Equality Act 2010) Act 2023". UK Government Legislation. Retrieved 12 November 2025. "Protection from Sex-based
Harassment in the United Kingdom
Harassment_in_the_United_Kingdom
Document issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
A Form I-766 employment authorization document (EAD) or EAD card, known popularly as a work permit, is a document issued by the United States Citizenship
Employment authorization document
Employment_authorization_document
Directive, including those under Defense Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection and the U.S. Department of Defense Whistleblower Program. It also prohibits
Presidential Policy Directive 19
Presidential_Policy_Directive_19
California statute
Hardeman Burnett. The legislation led to the forced labor of many Native Americans in California, in addition to regulating employment terms and redefining
Act for the Government and Protection of Indians
Act_for_the_Government_and_Protection_of_Indians
American legal statute regarding state secrets
or enforce the gag order. The addendum states that the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 (protecting public disclosures) and the Lloyd–La Follette
Anti-Gag_Statute
Federal ministry in the United Arab Emirates
within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The ministry also enforces employment legislation, manages labour relations, and oversees private sector compliance
Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation
Ministry_of_Human_Resources_and_Emiratisation
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Data Protection Act 1998". NHS England Digital. Retrieved 28 November 2025. Ford, Michael (March 1999). "Recent legislation. The Data Protection Act 1998"
Data_Protection_Act_1998
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Commissioner. Part 6 makes provision about the enforcement of the data protection legislation. Part 7 makes supplementary provision, including provision about
Data_Protection_Act_2018
Regulatory act implemented by the Obama administration after the 2008 financial crisis
addition to several consumer protection agencies, including the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, this legislation in many ways represents a change
Dodd–Frank_Act
2022 Act of US Congress prohibiting hair discrimination
intended for the legislation to apply broadly, extending protection across state-assisted housing programs, public accommodations, and employment, while other
CROWN_Act_of_2022
Nazi Germany antisemitic and racist laws
annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. The legislation comprised two measures. The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour prohibited
Nuremberg_Laws
criminal convictions and arrests. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and other protections have been enforcing Title VII since it came
Employment discrimination against persons with criminal records in the United States
Employment_discrimination_against_persons_with_criminal_records_in_the_United_States
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
trade dispute. Together with the Employment Protection Act 1975, TULRA formed the basis of the Labour Party's employment law programme under the "Social
Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974
Trade_Union_and_Labour_Relations_Act_1974
Group of United States Supreme Court cases
equal protection of the laws. ... It does not invest congress with power to legislate upon subjects which are within the domain of state legislation; but
Civil_Rights_Cases
Law that governs the processing of personal data
country in South Asia to enact comprehensive data privacy legislation. The Personal Data Protection Act No. 9 of 2022, effective since March 19, 2022, applies
Information_privacy_law
States, have passed legislation prohibiting discrimination based on criminal record. However, the availability and extent of protection against discrimination
Employment discrimination against persons with criminal records
Employment_discrimination_against_persons_with_criminal_records
2020 United States Supreme Court case
Title VII protection extends to gay and transgender people. In the United States, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark piece of legislation to prevent
R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
R.G._&_G.R._Harris_Funeral_Homes_Inc._v._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission
Regulates relationships between employers, employees and trade unions
several provisions of relevance to employment and labour law: the right to equality protection of dignity protection against servitude, forced labour and
South_African_labour_law
Type of legal entity
British government introduced so-called "IR35" legislation that creates tests to determine employment status and ability to make use of small company
Umbrella_company
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
(Safeguard of Employment) Act 1985", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1985 c. 17 Text of the Reserve Forces (Safeguard of Employment) Act 1985 as
Reserve Forces (Safeguard of Employment) Act 1985
Reserve_Forces_(Safeguard_of_Employment)_Act_1985
United Kingdom whistleblower legislation
of Graham Pink added to the pressure to introduce whistleblower protection legislation. The Public Interest Disclosure Bill was introduced to the House
Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998
Public_Interest_Disclosure_Act_1998
Legislation designed to prevent discrimination against particular groups of people
that are protected by that legislation. Commonly, these types of legislation are designed to prevent discrimination in employment, housing, education, and
Anti-discrimination_law
employees, as different tests are used for different kinds of employment rights, legislation draws an apparent distinction between a "worker" and an "employee"
Employment contract in English law
Employment_contract_in_English_law
U.S. laws prohibiting mandated union membership and dues
private sector employment prohibits the "closed shop" in which employees are required to be members of a union as a condition of employment, but allows the
Right-to-work_law
removal. The primary law on these matters is in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, whose goals include economic growth, family reunification, and compliance
Canadian immigration and refugee law
Canadian_immigration_and_refugee_law
Legal decision on whistleblower protections for federal employees
Whistleblower Protection Act: to encourage employees to come forward when they uncover serious wrongdoing during the course of their employment." The Office
Huffman v. Office of Personnel Management
Huffman_v._Office_of_Personnel_Management
of employment agencies. The law provides statutory holidays with pay, sick leave, maternity protection, rest days, paid annual leave and employment protection
Employment_in_Hong_Kong
1890s Australian laws removing mixed-race Aboriginal children from their families
(Aborigines Protection Act 1886) and the colony of Western Australia (Aborigines Protection Act 1886). They became the model for legislation to control
Half-Caste_Act
British labour law case
[2021] UKSC 5 is a landmark case in UK labour law and company law on employment rights. The UK Supreme Court held the transport corporation, Uber, must
Uber_BV_v_Aslam
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