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Shell command for copying and converting file data
dd (Data(set) Definition) is a shell command for reading, writing and converting file data. Originally developed for Unix, it has been implemented on
Dd_(Unix)
Program on Unix and Unix-like systems
the IBM i operating system. tail (Unix) dd (Unix) List of Unix commands Spinellis, Diomidis (2022). "dspinellis/unix-history-man: Version 1.0 web pages
Head_(Unix)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up DD or dd in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. DD, dd, or other variants may refer to: DD National or DD1, an Indian national television channel
DD
Original Unix operating system from Bell Labs
Research Unix refers to the early versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX, and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in
Research_Unix
Device file that discards all data written to it
successors such files would be assigned in JCL to DD DUMMY. In programmer jargon, especially Unix jargon, it may also be called the bit bucket or black
Null_device
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
is an interactive command interpreter and command language developed for Unix-like operating systems. Supported by the Free Software Foundation and created
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Computer software bug occurring in 2038
processed UpdateVersion numbers (which used a 9- or 10-digit YY-MM-DD-n format) to the Unix time stamp numbers despite their times being very different, so
Year_2038_problem
Job control language for IBM mainframes
for batch work. On other systems these may be the same. dd (Unix), Unix program inspired by DD IBM mainframe utility programs Batch processing Data set
Job_Control_Language
Shell command for extracting printable text from a binary file
selects strings from the whole file. The command is available in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like systems. It is part of the GNU Binary Utilities (binutils)
Strings_(Unix)
Stored data in computer systems
usually involves unmounting the filesystem and running a program like dd (Unix). Because the disk is read sequentially and with large buffers, this type
Backup
Shell command for writing an input file or stream to standard output
browsing it carefully. Usage: considered silly. Rare outside Unix sites. See also dd, BLT. Among Unix fans, cat(1) is considered an excellent example of user-interface
Cat_(Unix)
which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands are implemented in many shells on modern Unix, Unix-like and other operating systems
List_of_POSIX_commands
Compares cloning software
(Clonezilla server edition) GPL dcfldd No Yes No ? Yes No Yes No No Yes No GPL dd (Unix) No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No GPLv3 Disks (gnome-disk-utility)
Comparison of disk cloning software
Comparison_of_disk_cloning_software
filing system to allow access to high density Macintosh format disks. dd (Unix) Disk image Disk storage Don't Copy That Floppy Floppy disk controller
Floppy_disk_variants
File format and file archiver program
yet tar continues to have widespread use. The command was introduced to Unix in January 1979, replacing the tp program (which in turn replaced "tap")
Tar_(computing)
Removable disk storage medium
Berg connector – Brand of electrical connector used in computer hardware dd (Unix) – Shell command for copying and converting file data Disk image – Computer
Floppy_disk
Shell command that copies file
creating a new file with default permissions. The command was part of Version 1 Unix, and is specified by POSIX. The implementation from GNU has many additional
Cp_(Unix)
Utility in Mac OS
copying was in progress. It was shipped with System 1.1 and System 2.0. dd (Unix) Dcfldd DiskImageMounter — The Mac OS X 10.3 and later successor. Disk
Disk_Copy
Shell command for finding files
directory. The command is available on most Unix-like systems. The command first appeared in Version 5 Unix as part of the Programmer's Workbench project
Find_(Unix)
Identification of a specific day
in yy.ddd format for most operations. UNIX time stores time as a number in seconds since the beginning of the UNIX Epoch (1970-01-01). Another "ordinal"
Calendar_date
Collection of GNU utilities ported to Windows
UnxUtils is a collection of utility programs that provide popular Unix-based shell commands – ported from GNU implementations as native Windows programs
UnxUtils
Special file in Unix-like operating systems
MAP_ANON are supported by most UNIX versions, removing the original purpose of /dev/zero. Erasing a USB flash drive using DD: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/<destination
/dev/zero
Collection of standard, Unix-based utilities from GNU
Coreutils is a collection of GNU software that implements many standard, Unix-based shell commands. The utilities generally provide POSIX compliant interface
GNU_Core_Utilities
Section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file
whitespace (including indentation) in the text. Here documents originate in the Unix shell, and are found in the Bourne shell since 1979, and most subsequent
Here_document
v4 UNIX Time-Sharing System v5 UNIX Time-Sharing System v6 MINI-UNIX PWB/UNIX USG CB Unix UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and
List_of_operating_systems
Lightweight Unix shell
Almquist shell (also known as A Shell, ash and sh) is a lightweight Unix shell originally written by Kenneth Almquist in the late 1980s. Initially a clone
Almquist_shell
Command used to format with file system
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, mkfs and newfs are commands used to format a block storage device with a specific file system. In those systems
Mkfs
Computer protocol
server-side is an SSH or RSH implementation, Unix shell, and a set of standard Unix utilities (like ls, cat or dd—unlike other methods of remote access to
Files transferred over shell protocol
Files_transferred_over_shell_protocol
Topics referred to by the same term
James Dyson Dyson (crater), a crater on the Moon Dyson (operating system), a Unix general-purpose operating system derived from Debian using the illumos kernel
Dyson
Type of computer file
normal file and sparse file become apparent in some situations. The Unix command dd of=sparse-file bs=5M seek=1 count=0 will create a file of five mebibytes
Sparse_file
Computer operating system and associated software
documented manual configuration steps. SOEs on Mac OS X, Linux, and other Unix/Unix-like systems can typically be made simply by creating and deploying disk
Standard Operating Environment
Standard_Operating_Environment
Collaborative compilation of information about the world's time zones
attempts to record historical time zones and all civil changes since 1970, the Unix time epoch. It also records leap seconds. The database, as well as some reference
Tz_database
File format used by Amiga computers
5" DD and HD, 5.25" DD), as well as single and multiple volume HDF files. As ADF files are plain disk images, they can be handled by the Unix tool dd. On
Amiga_Disk_File
Software tools for forensics analysis
Sleuth Kit (TSK) is an open-source library and collection of utilities for Unix-like operating systems and Windows that is used for extracting and parsing
The_Sleuth_Kit
128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems
needs to be to the actual (Unix) time. But the intent is clear that the timestamps should be monotonic and approximate Unix time, and the RFC states that
Universally_unique_identifier
"Do nothing" program on IBM mainframes
placeholder that returns the exit status zero, similar to the true command on UNIX-like systems. On OS/360 and derived mainframe systems, most programs never
IEFBR14
Software company
VNI "ANSI" Encoding (Windows/Unix) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 8x 9x Ax Bx Cx ◌̂̀ ◌̂́ ◌̂ 0302 ◌̂̃ ◌̣̂ ◌̂̉ Ỉ 1EC8 ◌̆̀ ◌̆́ ◌̆ 0306 ◌̣̆ Ì Í Ỵ 1EF4 ◌̣
VNI
Personal computer by Atari
was originally intended to be a high-end Unix workstation, but Atari took two years to release a port of Unix SVR4 for the TT, which prevented the TT from
Atari_TT030
Disk compression utility
DiskDoubler (DD) is a disk compression utility for classic Mac OS. Unlike a file compression utility that compresses files, directories and directory trees
DiskDoubler
Fixed-length contiguous block of virtual memory
allocations to this size and reducing overall internal fragmentation of pages. Unix-like systems may use the system function sysconf(), as illustrated in the
Page_(computer_memory)
2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016. Elliot, Duncan (11 November 2009). "Using "dd" and "urandom" to write random data to a disk". Duncan Elliot's blog. IBM
List_of_data-erasing_software
Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Research
four I/O processors with a total of 2 to 32 disk storage units. The DD-39 and DD-49 hard drives made by Ibis with a raw transfer rate of 13.3 MB/s each
Cray_X-MP
the Job Control Language (JCL) on IBM mainframes and the shell scripts of Unix-like operating systems. Unlike JCL, WFL is a high-level structured language
Work_Flow_Language
Collection of Unix commands in a single executable file
BusyBox is an implementation of many Unix commands in a single executable file. It runs in many POSIX environments including Linux, Android, and FreeBSD
BusyBox
Unix shell
Stand-alone shell (sash) is a Unix shell designed for use in recovering from certain types of system failures and errors. The built-in commands of sash
Stand-alone_shell
the UNIX programs with the same name, others are to be found only on Plan 9. Others again share only the name, but have a different behaviour. dd – convert
List_of_Plan_9_applications
Collection of Unix tools in single executable file
Toybox is a free and open-source software implementation of over 200 Unix command line utilities. The Toybox project was started in 2006, and became a
Toybox
available for authoring bootable operating system images. dd is a utility commonly found in Unix operating systems that allow creation of bootable images
USB_image
SubRosaSoft Freeware No No —N/a macOS macOS dd Various developers Free software (most vendors) Yes No Unix-like Anything Fedora Media Writer The Fedora
List of tools to create bootable USB
List_of_tools_to_create_bootable_USB
Caching and forwarding HTTP web proxy
provide SOCKS support. Squid was originally designed to run as a daemon on Unix-like systems. A Windows port was maintained up to version 2.7. New versions
Squid_(software)
Electronic version of a calendar
systems.[citation needed] A calendar command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX (1979). Unix calendar programs checks current directory or user directories for
Digital_calendar
Computer
The Sun-2 series of UNIX workstations and servers was launched by Sun Microsystems in November 1983. As the name suggests, the Sun-2 represented the second
Sun-2
Time-sharing environment for IBM mainframe operating systems
combination is called TSO/ISPF. TSO can also provide a Unix-style environment on OS/390 and z/OS via the UNIX System Services command shell, with or without ISPF
Time_Sharing_Option
Proprietary email attachment format
attachments TNEF's Enough – Freeware decoder for Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X tnefDD – Free GPL decoder with drag-and-drop functionality for Mac OS X TNEF – MacPorts
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format
Transport_Neutral_Encapsulation_Format
subsystem. In this configuration it could run the relatively powerful MUTOS8000 (Unix System III derivative). The price of this model was between about 32,000
A_5120
Family of personal computers sold by Commodore
for OS/2 2.0, a 32-bit operating system. Commodore-Amiga produced Amiga Unix, informally known as Amix, based on AT&T SVR4. It supports the Amiga 2500
Amiga
File containing relocatable format machine code
executables and COFF for object files in 32-bit and 64-bit Windows. Unix and Unix-like systems have used the same format for executable and object files
Object_file
Non-caching proxy server
Public License. It runs on Linux, OpenWrt, DD-WRT, Windows, macOS, OS/2, AmigaOS, BeOS, and most flavors of Unix. Almost any Web browser can use it. The
Privoxy
Process of preparing a data storage device for initial use
operation on a hard disk is by writing zero-value bytes to the drive using the Unix dd utility with the /dev/zero stream as the input file and the drive itself
Disk_formatting
Microsoft computer operating system
exceptions. Microsoft omitted multi-user support from MS-DOS because Microsoft's Unix-based operating system, Xenix, was fully multi-user. The company planned
MS-DOS
Support programs included in or available for IBM OS/360 and successors
MEMBER=@BATCHS //*SYSIN DD DUMMY //SYSIN DD * COMPARE TYPORG=PO /* //SYSUT1 DD DSN=XXXXXXX.OLDFILE,UNIT=DASD,DISP=SHR //SYSUT2 DD DSN=XXXXXXX.NEWFILE,UNIT=DASD
Support programs for OS/360 and successors
Support_programs_for_OS/360_and_successors
Linux distribution
Examination of Linux, Microsoft Windows and some Unix platforms is built-in. CAINE can import disk images in raw (dd) and expert witness/advanced file format
CAINE_Linux
Process of salvaging inaccessible data from corrupted or damaged secondary storage
deployment boot disk dd: common byte-to-byte cloning tool found on Unix-like systems ddrescue: an open-source tool similar to dd but with the ability
Data_recovery
C function to format and output text
printf was included as a C standard library routine as part of Version 4 Unix. In 1990, the printf shell command, modeled after the C standard library
Printf
Free and open-source virtual private network software
firewalls. OpenVPN has been ported and embedded on several systems. For example, DD-WRT has the OpenVPN server function. SoftEther VPN, a multi-protocol VPN server
OpenVPN
Computer file with a storage device's contents
floppy disk image files for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. In Unix or similar systems the dd program can be used to create raw disk images. Apple Disk Copy
Disk_image
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
In Unix-like operating systems, /dev/random and /dev/urandom are special files that provide random numbers from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom
/dev/random
Operating system for Tandy TRS-80 computers
concept of I/O redirection as UNIX/Linux and MS-DOS do, the APPEND command is somewhat different in concept than the UNIX or MS-DOS notion of appending
TRSDOS
system" of the GNU operating system. GNU was designed to be a replacement for Unix operating systems of the 1980s and used the POSIX standards as a guide, but
List_of_GNU_packages
Logical or physical division of storage media
data stream or a unit of operation for a utility. For example, the Unix program dd allows one to set the block size to be used during execution with the
Disk_sector
Linux distribution
benchmarking are called "tests" in Inquisitor and are implemented as simple Unix shell scripts that run other (binary) programs and collects their results
Inquisitor (hardware testing software)
Inquisitor_(hardware_testing_software)
Data item stored in a browser by a website
is a packet of data a program receives and sends back unchanged, used by Unix programmers. Magic cookies were already used in computing when computer programmer
HTTP_cookie
Drive cloning software
CD/DVD-ROM or Android mobile phone. It uses Partclone, Ntfsclone, Partimage, or dd to image the drive either over the network or to a locally-attached hard disk
Clonezilla
EBCDIC character code
pages at the time (including the pre-1986 version of code page 37). The Unix dd utility follows the earlier convention, mapping the C1 code 0x9F to EBCDIC
Eight_Ones
Twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
commonly used as a prefix term in nouns related to the X Window System and Unix. X with diacritics: Ẍ ẍ Ẋ ẋ X̂ x̂ ᶍ IPA-specific symbols related to X: χ
X
List of software distributions using the Linux kernel
mind. Knoppix (a portmanteau of the surname Knopper from Klaus Knopper and Unix) itself is based on Debian. It is a live distribution, with automated hardware
List_of_Linux_distributions
Family of lossless-compression image file formats
file under DOS when the command type has been used—the end-of-file character 0A A Unix-style line ending (LF) to detect Unix–DOS line ending conversion
PNG
Time-sharing monitor for IBM computers
operating system in the mold of Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS) or Unix. Instead it runs on top of an IBM batch operating system (OS/360, SVS, MVS)
ORVYL_and_WYLBUR
Eight-bit character encoding system invented by IBM
EBCDIC design was the source of many jokes. One such joke, found in the Unix fortune file of 4.3BSD Reno (1990) went: Professor: "So the American government
EBCDIC
less overhead for managing or transferring. Archive formats are used by Unix-like and Windows operating systems to package software for easier distributing
List_of_archive_formats
below from rsf.proj import * Fetch("wz.35.H", "wz") Flow("wind", "wz.35.H", "dd form=native | window n1=400 j1=2 | smooth rect1=3") Plot("wind", "pow pow1=2
Madagascar_(software)
Software to maintain ext* file systems
systems, such as FreeBSD and Darwin. Free and open-source software portal mkfs dd — convert and copy a file fdisk — examine and write partition table fsck —
E2fsprogs
Unix Free software (GPL) isoinfo No No No No Yes ? —N/a Unix, Linux, Amiga Windows, macOS Free software (GPL) mkisofs Yes No No No No —N/a ? Unix, Linux
Comparison of disc image software
Comparison_of_disc_image_software
Data recovery tool
project. Retrieved 6 September 2013. "Disk drive recovery: ddrescue, dd_rescue, dd_rhelp". John Gilmore. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved
Ddrescue
Leap week calendar system
known, it can be computed from the month (MM or moy) and day of the month (DD or dom) by any of several methods; e.g. using a table such as the following
ISO_week_date
Operating system
each job in the input stream. The R/I recognizes explicit DD *, implicit DD* and explicit DD DATA in-stream (SYSIN) data sets, and allocates a separate
OS/VS2_(SVS)
Unix-based network security monitoring framework
94, "resp_bytes": 316, "conn_state": "SF", "missed_bytes": 0, "history": "Dd", "orig_pkts": 2, "orig_ip_bytes": 150, "resp_pkts": 2, "resp_ip_bytes": 372
Zeek
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Internet domain
redirect to their website. Since the .sh filename extension is also used by Unix shell scripts, this domain has been used for websites about command-line
.sh
First-person shooter Freeware America's Army: Operations United States Army/UNIX developers First-person shooter Freeware 10.2–10.4 Amigos Number Puzzles
List_of_Mac_games
repeatedlyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets find (Unix) – Shell command for finding files; functionally similar to forfiles find
Forfiles
Network scanner
protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 1024 8d:60:f1:7c:ca:b7:3d:0a:d6:67:54:9d:69:d9:b9:dd (DSA) |_ 2048 79:f8:09:ac:d4:e2:32:42:10:49:d3:bd:20:82:85:ec (RSA) 80/tcp
Nmap
Unique identification of incremental software updates
numbering by Microsoft, America Online, Sun Solaris, Java Virtual Machine, SCO Unix, WordPerfect. Microsoft Access jumped from version 2.0 to version 7.0, to
Software_versioning
programs are very similar to the Plan 9 applications or UNIX programs with the same name. dd – convert and copy a file date – print the date echo – print
List_of_Inferno_applications
Copy-on-write file system
[update] the developers were working to add keyed hash like HMAC (SHA256). Unix systems traditionally rely on "fsck" programs to check and repair file systems
Btrfs
Family of backward-compatible assembly languages
DOS and Windows environments, while AT&T syntax is dominant in Unix-like systems, as Unix was originally developed at AT&T Bell Labs. Below is a summary
X86_assembly_language
Text editor by Github
"GitHub's new CEO promises to save Atom post-Microsoft acquisition". TNW | Dd. Archived from the original on April 12, 2026. Retrieved 2026-05-23. Sobo
Atom_(text_editor)
Process of reformatting floppy disks to have more memory
achieve custom disk capacities: "man page for superformat (all section 1)". Unix & Linux Commands. Retrieved 2017-08-22. Knaff, Alain. "superformat - format
Superformatting
Boot loader package
Bootloader (a play on Grand Unified Theory). It is predominantly used for Unix-like systems. When an IBM PC compatible computer with a BIOS is turned on
GNU_GRUB
Recovery of evidence from mobile devices
external memory and the USB flash drive, appropriate software, e.g., the Unix command dd, is needed to make the bit-level copy. Furthermore, USB flash drives
Mobile_device_forensics
First sector of partitioned PC computer disk
2017-08-24. Retrieved 2026-07-27. Lucas, Michael (2003). Absolute OpenBSD: Unix for the practical paranoid. No Starch Press. p. 73. ISBN 9781886411999. Retrieved
Master_boot_record
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DD UNIX
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