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Theory in psychology
Harold Kelley's covariation model (1967, 1971, 1972, 1973) is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people
Covariation_model
Process by which individuals explain causes of behavior and events
original parent theory with Harold Kelley's covariation model and Bernard Weiner's three-dimensional model branching from Attribution theory. Attribution
Attribution_(psychology)
Systematic errors made when people evaluate their own and others' behaviors
as attribution theory, proposed a covariation model in 1973 to explain the way people make attributions. This model helped to explain how people choose
Attribution_bias
Phrase in personality psychology
personal and deliberate. Developed by Harold Kelley in 1967, the covariation model is a well recognized attribution theory. It provides a structured
Dispositional_attribution
Measure of the joint variability
producing the g factor. Another is to personality, with models like the five factor model being derived from principal component analysis. Algorithms
Covariance
Topic in sociology
and distinctiveness. This interaction was summarized in Kelley's Covariation model, also known as Kelley's cube. Consistency refers to whether the person
Political_cognition
Genetic model for twin studies
1375/136905204323016168. PMID 15169603. Douglas A. Raynor et al. (2002). "Covariation of Psychosocial Characteristics Associated With Cardiovascular Disease:
ADE_model
American social psychologist
part, accurate and logical. In his covariation model, which is also known as his ANOVA Model (Analysis of Variance Model), Kelley suggests that people attribute
Harold_Kelley
Process of identifying causality
and effect have a probable relationship. The covariation (regularity) model, a type of dependency model, suggests that humans understand relationships
Causal_reasoning
Psychological theory
decide if their behaviour was caused by an internal disposition. The covariation model is used within this, more specifically that the degree in which one
Correspondent inference theory
Correspondent_inference_theory
Calculus on stochastic processes
denotes the optional quadratic covariation of the continuous parts of X and Y, which is the optional quadratic covariation minus the jumps of the processes
Stochastic_calculus
RNA family
"kissing dimer" intermediate. The Rfam structure shown is based on a covariation model. It has been shown that SL1 may provide a secondary binding site for
Retroviral psi packaging element
Retroviral_psi_packaging_element
Branch of statistics
"Identification of the cause or causes of a phenomenon, by establishing covariation of cause and effect, a time-order relationship with the cause preceding
Causal_inference
Type of biological prediction
of different proteins. The comparative protein modeling can combine with the evolutionary covariation in the structure prediction. These methods may also
Protein_structure_prediction
Statistical method
assumption of an underlying causal structure: [it] assumes that the covariation in the observed variables is due to the presence of one or more latent
Factor_analysis
Sub-specialty of the public relations profession
mapping (ICM) model". Journal of Public Relations Research. Schwarz, Andreas (2012). "Stakeholder attributions in crises: the effects of covariation information
Crisis_communication
Cognitive parsing of time into event categories
1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101432. PMID 34861583. Cheng, Patricia (1997). "From Covariation to Causation: A Causal Power Theory". Psychological Review. 104 (2):
Event_perception
Perception of other people and of social situations
Kelley, individuals make attributions by utilizing the covariation principle. The covariation principle claims that people attribute behavior to the factors
Social_perception
Regulation of movement within organisms possessing a nervous system
organization emerges automatically as a consequence of the systematic covariation of components. Similar to how reflexes are physically connected and thus
Motor_control
Cognitive science approach
209-210, 235-267, 271-342, 513. M. Werning: Neuronal synchronization, covariation, and compositional representation. In: M. Werning, E. Machery, G. Schurz
Connectionism
Proposed psychological mechanism
Attributions: inferring causes for the outcomes we perceive Detecting covariation: detecting events that tend to co-occur regularly and consistently Hypothesis
Transdiagnostic_process
expression of abnormal forms in distantly related species. Integration or covariation among traits during development has been suggested to constrain phenotypic
Developmental_bias
Classification of mental health problems
three fundamental findings, the HiTOP model consists of hierarchically organized dimensions identified in covariation of psychopathology features. Signs
Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
Hierarchical_Taxonomy_of_Psychopathology
Ecological mathematical model of metabolism
Sebastiaan A.L.M. (2011). "The "covariation method" for estimating the parameters of the standard Dynamic Energy Budget model I: Philosophy and approach"
Dynamic_energy_budget_theory
Measure of covariance of components of a random vector
transformation of random variable X {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} } with covariation matrix Σ X = c o v ( X ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {\Sigma _{X}} =\mathrm
Covariance_matrix
pulses of high extinction rate. Goudemez et al. (2026) report evidence of covariation between the increase of sharpness of the blade and the reduction of the
2026_in_paleontology
Grammar model in linguistics
structure by optimizing structure joint probabilities over MSA. Modeling base-pair covariation to detecting homology in database searches. pairwise simultaneous
Probabilistic context-free grammar
Probabilistic_context-free_grammar
Mental ability to track moving objects with attention
are updated by a process that must serially switch among the targets. A model by Lovett, Bridewell, and Bello published in 2019, for example, includes
Multiple_object_tracking
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
27. van Overwalle, Frank J.; Heylighen, Francis P. (1995). "Relating covariation information to causal dimensions through principles of contrast and invariance"
Scientific_method
Complete loss of subjective self-identity
Merrick, Joav (2003), "Measurement of Quality of Life VII. Statistical Covariation and Global Quality of Life Data: The Method of Weight-Modified Linear
Ego_death
American psychologist (born 1952)
PMID 1786673. S2CID 15106017. Cheng, Patricia W. (1997). "From covariation to causation: A causal power theory". Psychological Review. 104 (2):
Patricia_Cheng
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
latent variables or factors; each one may be supposed to account for covariation in a group of observed variables. Canonical correlation analysis finds
Multivariate_statistics
Calculus of stochastic differential equations
differs from the standard result due to the inclusion of a quadratic covariation term. This term comes from the fact that Itô calculus deals with processes
Itô_calculus
Theory of social exchange
dependent on person B, person B gains greater control over person A. Covariation of interest. This dimension analyzes the level of gratification each
Interdependence_theory
Human sexuality
sexual desire correlated with increased sexual satisfaction. Overall, the covariation of love and desire is suggested as support for the theory that each may
Sexual desire and intimate relationships
Sexual_desire_and_intimate_relationships
Thigh bone
Kim N (December 1985). "Third trochanter incidence and metric trait covariation in the human femur". J Anat. 143: 149–159. PMC 1166433. PMID 3870721
Femur
Psychic ability
explained by a covariation bias. In an experiment (Schienle et al. 1996) 22 believers and 20 skeptics were asked to judge the covariation between transmitted
Telepathy
Inaccurately perceiving a relationship between two unrelated events
interpretation of the covariation and making judgments based on these interpretations (explicit) instead of just accounting for the covariation (implicit). Berndsen
Illusory_correlation
contravariance, contravariant, countervair, covariance, covariant, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, miniver, multivariable
List of Latin words with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_words_with_English_derivatives
Study of how people reason
of covariation is confirmation bias, or the tendency to be more responsive to evidence that confirms one's own beliefs. But assessing covariation can
Psychology_of_reasoning
Extrapolation method to detect common ancestors
PMID 8177884. Korber BT, Farber RM, Wolpert DH, Lapedes AS (August 1993). "Covariation of mutations in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope
Ancestral_reconstruction
vase, vasectomy, vessel vari- vary Latin variare bivariate, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, variable, variance
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
1950 sociology book
criticized" "In considerable degree, [...], the projective data confirm the covariation of implicit antidemocratic trends with prejudice which was demonstrated
The_Authoritarian_Personality
Developmental disorder
to the poor modelling surrounding Conduct Disorders. As noted by Frick, typical diagnoses, which rely heavily on 'patterns of covariation', can result
Conduct_disorder
Psychological bias towards favoring members of one's in-group
populations grow to associate certain traits with certain behavior, increasing covariation. This then incentivizes in-group bias. Two prominent theoretical approaches
In-group_favoritism
Connection between brain and computer
Liu T, Szarkowski R, Rios C, Ashe J, He B (February 2010). "Negative covariation between task-related responses in alpha/beta-band activity and BOLD in
Brain–computer_interface
Extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect
"effect" tend to occur together (covariation), and there are no plausible alternative explanations for the observed covariation (nonspuriousness). In scientific
Internal_validity
Concept of personality states ranging from imaginative to psychotic
and Arousal. Oxford: Pergamon. Claridge, G.S. and Clark, K.H. (1982). Covariation between two flash threshold and skin conductance level in first breakdown
Schizotypy
Study of genetic-environment interactions influencing behaviour
polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate genetic variation or covariation that is tagged by SNPs, using mixed effects models implemented in software such as genome-wide
Behavioural_genetics
PMID 18006551. Lindgreen S, Gardner PP, Krogh A (2006). "Measuring covariation in RNA alignments: physical realism improves information measures". Bioinformatics
Anders_Krogh
Parts of a whole which carry only relative information
artificially isolated from physical covariation. However, within the domain of synthetic or probabilistic modeling, the complex mathematical architecture
Compositional_data
Integral used in physics
Y ] T c {\displaystyle [X,Y]_{T}^{c}} is the continuous part of the covariation. The Stratonovich integral lacks the important property of the Itô integral
Stratonovich_integral
Psychological theories
factor models), or a combination of the two (i.e., bi-factors models), revealed that the correlated model accounted for the inter-subtest covariation of the
PASS_theory_of_intelligence
Biometric identifier
Eaves, L.J.; Loesch, D.Z. (January 1, 1982). "A genetical analysis of covariation between finger ridge counts". Annals of Human Biology. 9 (6): 539–552
Fingerprint
Hypothesis of language influencing thought
Press. pp. 215–256. ISBN 978-0-521-59659-6. Levinson, Stephen (2001). "Covariation between spatial language and cognition, and its implications for language
Linguistic_relativity
Extinct genus of marine squamate reptiles
mosasaurian (Squamata: Mosasauria) tail fins from osteological correlates and covariation with extant sharks". Paleobiology: 1–10. doi:10.1017/pab.2025.10080.
Tylosaurus
Rate of energy expenditure by an endotherm at rest
the mass of tissues differing in metabolic scope: Migration-related covariation between individual knots Calidris canutus" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology
Basal_metabolic_rate
Bioengineering process
[page needed] Coevolutionary analysis is also known as correlated mutation, covariation, or co-substitution. This type of rational design involves reciprocal
Protein_engineering
and Spermophora Hentz (Araneae: Pholcidae), with notes on male-female covariation". Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 139 (4): 477–527. doi:10.1046/j.0024-4082.2003
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–1974)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_1950–1974)
Branch of psychology
explained by a covariation bias. In an experiment (Schienle et al. 1996) 22 believers and 20 skeptics were asked to judge the covariation between transmitted
Anomalistic_psychology
Change in the heritable traits of populations
(December 2005). "Serial homology and the evolution of mammalian limb covariation structure". Evolution. 59 (12): 2691–2704. Bibcode:2005Evolu..59.2691Y
Evolution
Form of play fighting
(May 2008). "Social play in crested and japanese macaques: Testing the covariation hypothesis". Developmental Psychobiology. 50 (4): 399–407. doi:10.1002/dev
Rough-and-tumble_play
Sounds birds use to communicate
[permanent dead link] Møller AP; J. Erritzøe; L. Z. Garamszegi (2005). "Covariation between brain size and immunity in birds: implications for brain size
Bird_vocalization
is no detectable effect when there is an effect (e.g., there is real covariation between the cause and effect). Low power occurs when the sample size
Statistical conclusion validity
Statistical_conclusion_validity
Large-scale study of proteins
Another research frontier is the analysis of single cells, and protein covariation across single cells which reflects biological processes such as protein
Proteomics
Computational prediction of nucleic acid structure
well. Multiple evolutionarily related RNA sequences share patterns of covariation between sites. If two sites are often seen changing in sync, there is
Nucleic acid structure prediction
Nucleic_acid_structure_prediction
Proportion of variance that two traits share due to genetic causes
(1968) "Genetic and environmental components in the covariation of cognitive abilities: An additive model", in Progress in Human Behaviour Genetics, ed. S
Genetic_correlation
Economist
complementary with gasoline retailing. The cross price demand elasticities, the covariation in uncertainty and a measure of effort substitutability were some of
Margaret_Slade
How one process influences another
Cambridge UK, "The sole appeal is to intuition." Cheng, P.W. (1997). "From Covariation to Causation: A Causal Power Theory". Psychological Review. 104 (2):
Causality
Cognitive bias
introspective ability. However, these perceived covariations may actually be false, and truly abnormal covariations are rare. Differences in causal theories
Introspection_illusion
RNA family
compared, and it was difficult to study the RNA's secondary structure by covariation methods. As a result, the predicted secondary structure is uncertain
Fibro-purF_RNA_motif
Studies into the ties between these aspects
Wright, M. J.; Luciano, M.; Geffen, G. M.; Martin, N. G. (2008). "Genetic covariation among facets of openness to experience and general cognitive ability
Intelligence_and_personality
Synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide by biological organisms
(2010). "Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Global Distribution and Covariation with Climate" (PDF). Science. 329 (5993): 834–838. Bibcode:2010Sci..
Primary_production
Knowledge of how to perform a task
knowledge can be acquired by subconscious processing of information about covariations. In the classroom, procedural knowledge is part of the prior knowledge
Procedural_knowledge
Species of fish
influenced by an individual's dietary niche and immune response. This covariation between parasite infection and host traits is likely a consequence of
Three-spined_stickleback
Concept in the philosophy of science
" "native inferential processes," "reasonably accurate detectors of covariation." "To my mind, the primary case to be made for the view that our [universal]
Natural_kind
3D conformation of a biological sequence, like DNA, RNA, proteins
molecules, the number of possible secondary structures is vast. Sequence covariation methods rely on the existence of a data set composed of multiple homologous
Biomolecular_structure
Behavioral scientist (1944–2022)
Eaves, LJ; Gale, JS (1974). "A method for analyzing the genetic basis of covariation". Behav Genet. 4 (3): 253–267. doi:10.1007/bf01074158. PMID 4471972.
Lindon_Eaves
Process of learning words
provide labels in the context of their referents. While the covariation detection model emphasizes the caregiver's role in the meaning-making process
Vocabulary_development
and Spermophora Hentz (Araneae: Pholcidae), with notes on male-female covariation". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 477–527. doi:10
List of organisms named after famous people (born before 1800)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_before_1800)
American social psychologist
attributional rules such as the calculus of non-common effects, the covariation and discounting principles and so on. But no one knew whether people
Edward_E._Jones
PJ (March 2000). "Brain potentials in affective picture processing: covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report". Biological Psychology.
Effects_of_meditation
American neuroscientist and academic
brains on a clinical MRI scanner A positive-negative mode of population covariation links brain connectivity, demographics and behavior Miller was made a
Karla_Miller
Theory concerning metabolism and observed patterns in ecology
Price, C.A. Enquist, B.J. & Savage, V.M. (2007). "A general model for allometric covariation in botanical form and function". PNAS. 104 (32): 313204–132091
Metabolic_theory_of_ecology
mosasaurian (Squamata: Mosasauria) tail fins from osteological correlates and covariation with extant sharks". Paleobiology. 52: 121–130. doi:10.1017/pab.2025
2025_in_reptile_paleontology
Hopfinger, J. B., Kussmaul, C. L., Fletcher, E. M., & Heinze, H. J. (1997). Covariations in ERP and PET measures of spatial selective attention in human extrastriate
C1_and_P1
British economist
Barndorff-Nielsen and Neil Shephard (2004) Econometric analysis of realised covariation: high frequency based covariance, regression and correlation in financial
Neil_Shephard
Cognitive psychologist and entrepreneur
be created via subconscious acquisition of information about complex covariations between events or features, and that subconsciously, individuals can
Pawel_Lewicki
Biomedical engineer
differently to the same condition, showing that genome-wide gene expression covariation across cells could be used to define cellular types and states, their
Alex_K._Shalek
French biochemist (born 1948)
the basis of RNA helices and of the resulting RNA secondary structure (covariation). In addition, several defined suites of non-Watson-Crick base pairs
Eric_Westhof
analyzed on three levels: the genetic (which analyzes the genetic basis of covariation between traits), the phenotypic (which assess how traits directly connected
Cost of reproduction hypothesis
Cost_of_reproduction_hypothesis
Subdiscipline of ecology
Simmons LW (2002-09-01). "Confidence of paternity and paternal care: covariation revealed through the experimental manipulation of the mating system in
Molecular_ecology
ratios, and angles. The statistical tools are able to quantify the covariation within and between samples. Some of the typical statistical tools used
Geometric morphometrics in anthropology
Geometric_morphometrics_in_anthropology
Used to help answer questions about Earth's carbon cycle
; Wennberg, P. O.; Messerschmidt, J.; et al. (September 2013). "The covariation of Northern Hemisphere summertime CO2 with surface temperature in boreal
Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide
Space-based_measurements_of_carbon_dioxide
Data exploration software
of TinkerPlots include using a superimposed color gradient to detect covariation in two numeric attributes and a “hat plot,” a reformulated and generalized
TinkerPlots
Global network monitoring greenhouse gases
measured by TCCON with that measured by lower-resolution instruments Covariation between surface temperature and CO2 in boreal regions Distinguishing
Total Carbon Column Observing Network
Total_Carbon_Column_Observing_Network
Quantitative study of size and shape
Another is that the superimposition may itself impose a pattern of covariation on the landmarks. Additionally, any information that cannot be captured
Morphometrics
PMID 17432929. Lindgreen S, Gardner PP, Krogh A (December 2006). "Measuring covariation in RNA alignments: physical realism improves information measures". Bioinformatics
List of RNA structure prediction software
List_of_RNA_structure_prediction_software
within it (e.g., enantiornithes, neoaves) exhibit weaker, group-specific covariation patterns. These findings underscore that the degree of morphological
Phenotypic_integration
American computational biologist
Korber, B. T.; Farber, R. M.; Wolpert, D. H.; Lapedes, A. S. (1993). "Covariation of mutations in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope
Bette_Korber
COVARIATION MODEL
COVARIATION MODEL
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, German, Hebrew
Variation of Jenny; Diminutive of Jane and Jennifer
Girl/Female
Muslim
Angel, Variation of anaitis
Girl/Female
Tamil
Variation of Jenny which is a diminutive of jane and jennifer
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French
Fair-haired; Variation of the Spanish Blandina; Flattering
Girl/Female
Indian
Angel, Variation of anaitis
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada
Most Highly Adored; Most Praised; Variation of Muhammad
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, German, Hebrew, Scandinavian
Doe; Ewe; Wise Protection; Variation of Raymond; Female Sheep
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Variation
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, French, German, Irish
Truthful; Noble; Nobility; Honest; Noble Sort; Variation of Alice
Boy/Male
African, American, Arabic, Bengali, French, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Latin, Muslim, Spanish, Tamil
Variation of Adam from the Red Earth; Earth; Man; Heaven
Boy/Male
Tamil
Variation to Shanti meaning peacefulness
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French, German
Truthful; Variation of Alice; Noble
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
A Variation of the Name Sukumaran
Boy/Male
Hindu
Variation to Shanti meaning peacefulness
Boy/Male
British, English
The Gaelic Harvest Festival; A Variation of Samhain
Girl/Female
Christian, Indian, Spanish
Dedicated to God; Variation of Isabel
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Greek
Protector of Men; Variation of Sandra or Chandra
Boy/Male
Indian
First; Variation of Pratham
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Latin
Pearl; Child of Light; Variation of Margaret
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Variation of Lord Vishnu
COVARIATION MODEL
COVARIATION MODEL
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of Swiss German Bürki, or an altered spelling of Berke (see Berke 2).Possibly an Americanized spelling of Hungarian Berki, a habitational name from a village called Berki, in Pest county, or a topographic name from berek ‘marsh wi
Americanized spelling of Swiss German Bürki, or an altered spelling of Berke (see Berke 2).Possibly an Americanized spelling of Hungarian Berki, a habitational name from a village called Berki, in Pest county, or a topographic name from berek ‘marsh with groves’.English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Blessing, Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Persian Latin French English
Star. Refers to the planet venus. Also myrtle leaf. Also a, the Babylonian goddess of love....
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Sacred Grass
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from an Old Swedish personal name, Sture.English : topographic name for someone who lived by the Stour river in Essex.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Hebrew
Loving Full Person; Loving Fuel
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian
Good Wish for Everyone; Goddess Laxmi; Good Wisher
Boy/Male
Teutonic English French
Brave.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Telugu
Gift of God
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
General to whom the Prophet Muhammad Awarded the Title of Honour; Sword of Allah
COVARIATION MODEL
COVARIATION MODEL
COVARIATION MODEL
COVARIATION MODEL
COVARIATION MODEL
n.
Extent to which a thing varies; amount of departure from a position or state; amount or rate of change.
v. i.
To sing a variation or accomplishment.
n.
The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation; inflection.
adv.
Without variation of termination.
n.
An instrument for automatically recording indications of the variation of temperature.
n.
Change of termination of words, as in declension, conjugation, derivation, etc.
n.
A reading; a variation in the text.
n.
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity.
n.
State of diversity or variation; variegation; modification; change; alternation.
n.
An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.
a.
Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.
a.
Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.
n.
Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth.
n.
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing; modification; alternation; mutation; diversity; deviation; as, a variation of color in different lights; a variation in size; variation of language.
n.
Repetition of a theme or melody with fanciful embellishments or modifications, in time, tune, or harmony, or sometimes change of key; the presentation of a musical thought in new and varied aspects, yet so that the essential features of the original shall still preserve their identity.
n.
The succession and variation of leaves during different seasons.
n.
Variability in chemical constitution without variation in crystalline form.
n.
The quality or state of being variant; change of condition; variation.
adv.
Without variation.
n.
One of the different arrangements which can be made of any number of quantities taking a certain number of them together.