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Problem in probability theory
In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following
Coupon_collector's_problem
Probability of shared birthdays
called the Coupon collector's problem. It can be calculated by nHn, where Hn is the nth harmonic number. For 365 possible dates (the birthday problem), the
Birthday_problem
Mental exercise in probability and statistics
distributions. The Ellsberg paradox. Balls into bins Coin-tossing problems Coupon collector's problem Dirichlet-multinomial distribution Noncentral hypergeometric
Urn_problem
Mathematical problem
The Sleeping Beauty problem, also known as the Sleeping Beauty paradox, is a puzzle in decision theory in which an ideally rational epistemic agent is
Sleeping_Beauty_problem
Mathematical problem involving optimal stopping theory
known as the marriage problem, the sultan's dowry problem, the fussy suitor problem, the googol game, and the best choice problem. Its solution is also
Secretary_problem
Problem in probability theory
The problem of points, also called the problem of division of the stakes, is a classical problem in probability theory. One of the famous problems that
Problem_of_points
Mathematical problem
The three prisoners problem appeared in Martin Gardner's "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American in 1959. It is mathematically equivalent to
Three_prisoners_problem
Balanced or random resource allocation
balanced allocations) problem is a classic problem in probability theory that has many applications in computer science. The problem involves m balls and
Balls_into_bins_problem
Probability puzzle
The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal
Monty_Hall_problem
Divergent sum of positive unit fractions
there are infinitely many prime numbers, the analysis of the coupon collector's problem on how many random trials are needed to provide a complete range
Harmonic_series_(mathematics)
Problem asking the probability that the sun will rise tomorrow
The sunrise problem can be expressed as follows: "What is the probability that the sun will rise tomorrow?" The sunrise problem illustrates the difficulty
Sunrise_problem
Puzzle in logic and mathematics
The two envelopes problem, also known as the exchange paradox, is a paradox in probability theory. It is of special interest in decision theory and for
Two_envelopes_problem
Concept in probability theory and gambling
gambler's ruin problem is a letter from Blaise Pascal to Pierre Fermat in 1656 (two years after the more famous correspondence on the problem of points).
Gambler's_ruin
Question in geometric probability
In probability theory, Buffon's needle problem is a question first posed in the 18th century by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon: Suppose we have
Buffon's_needle_problem
Mathematical paradox
Monty Hall problem the three prisoners problem the two envelopes problem the Sleeping Beauty problem The Monty Hall and Three Prisoners problems are identical
Bertrand's_box_paradox
Problem in statistical estimation
In the statistical theory of estimation, the German tank problem consists of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution from sampling without
German_tank_problem
Aspect of control theory
In probability theory, the Mabinogion sheep problem or Mabinogian urn is a problem in stochastic control introduced by David Williams (mathematician) in
Mabinogion_sheep_problem
Problem in probability
Banach's match problem is a classic problem in probability attributed to Stefan Banach. Feller says that the problem was inspired by a humorous reference
Banach's_matchbox_problem
Trying to map moments to a measure that generates them
In mathematics, a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure μ {\displaystyle \mu } to the sequence of moments
Moment_problem
Problem in geometric probability
Sylvester's four point problem in geometric probability asks for the probability that four randomly chosen points in the Euclidean plane form a convex
Sylvester's four point problem
Sylvester's_four_point_problem
Paradox in probability theory
theory, which are also known as the two children problem, Mr. Smith's children and the Mrs. Smith problem. The initial formulation of the question dates
Boy_or_girl_paradox
Problem in geometric probability
In geometric probability, the broken stick problem asks for the probability that one can form a triangle from the three parts of a line segment that has
Broken_stick_problem
Paradox involving a game with repeated coin flipping
amount of money a casino would need to continue the game indefinitely. The problem was invented by Nicolas Bernoulli, who stated it in a letter to Pierre
St._Petersburg_paradox
In game theory, the Waldegrave problem is a problem first described in the second edition of Pierre Raymond de Montmort`s Essay d'analyse sur les jeux
Waldegrave_problem
Probability theory paradox
The Bertrand paradox is a problem within the classical interpretation of probability theory. Joseph Bertrand introduced it in his work Calcul des probabilités
Bertrand paradox (probability)
Bertrand_paradox_(probability)
Video game business model
unlikely that redeeming a loot box will complete the set (see coupon collector's problem) since eventually one single, specific item is required. Box gacha
Gacha_game
Probability problem
The Newton–Pepys problem is a probability problem concerning the probability of throwing sixes from a certain number of dice. In 1693 Samuel Pepys and
Newton–Pepys_problem
Variation of Buffon's needle
In geometric probability, the problem of Buffon's noodle is a variation on the well-known problem of Buffon's needle, named after Georges-Louis Leclerc
Buffon's_noodle
mathematical field of combinatorial geometry, the Littlewood–Offord problem is the problem of determining the number of subsums of a set of vectors that fall
Littlewood–Offord_problem
Math puzzle
pill, then it is simply consumed and nothing is returned to the jar. The problem becomes very easy to solve once a binary variable Xk defined as Xk = 1
Pill_puzzle
Probability distribution
number of successes. It had previously been mentioned by Pascal. Coupon collector's problem Beta negative binomial distribution Extended negative binomial
Negative binomial distribution
Negative_binomial_distribution
Discrete probability distribution
distribution Sampling (statistics) Generalized hypergeometric function Coupon collector's problem Geometric distribution Keno Lady tasting tea Cooper, Joshua N;
Hypergeometric_distribution
Probability problem
In mathematics, the Hamburger moment problem, named after Hans Ludwig Hamburger, is formulated as follows: given a sequence (m0, m1, m2, ...), does there
Hamburger_moment_problem
In mathematics, the trigonometric moment problem is formulated as follows: given a sequence { c k } k ∈ N 0 {\displaystyle \{c_{k}\}_{k\in \mathbb {N}
Trigonometric_moment_problem
Election result probability theorem
In combinatorics, Bertrand's ballot problem is the question: "In an election where candidate A receives p votes and candidate B receives q votes with
Bertrand's_ballot_theorem
Probability distribution
modeling patients spreading COVID-19. Hypergeometric distribution Coupon collector's problem Compound Poisson distribution Negative binomial distribution Johnson
Geometric_distribution
Financial phenomenon
identified by economist Jeremy Siegel in 1972. Like the related two envelopes problem, the phenomenon is sometimes labeled a paradox because an agent can seem
Siegel's_paradox
Difference between logarithm and harmonic series
method. In some formulations of Zipf's law. The answer to the coupon collector's problem.* The mean of the Gumbel distribution. An approximation of the
Euler's_constant
Probability problem
In mathematics, the Hausdorff moment problem, named after Felix Hausdorff, asks for necessary and sufficient conditions that a given sequence (m0, m1
Hausdorff_moment_problem
Probability problem
In mathematics, the Stieltjes moment problem, named after Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, seeks necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence (m0, m1,
Stieltjes_moment_problem
Cup mostly made of paper or card
sequences. A generalization of the coupon collector's problem, where one needs 2 (or any arbitrary larger number) of each coupon, instead of just 1, is sometimes
Paper_cup
Particular case of the generalized extreme value distribution
appears as a limiting distribution for the hitting time in the coupon collector's problem. This result was first established by Laplace in 1812 in his Théorie
Gumbel_distribution
Book containing collectible stickers
stickers they are buying. Collectors may then swap or sell their spares with other collectors. When perusing a fellow collector's stickers in order to determine
Sticker_album
Measure of genetic diversity
evolving neutrally or under a non-random process (e.g., selection). Coupon collector's problem Ewens sampling formula Yong, Ed (2019-02-11). "The Women Who Contributed
Watterson_estimator
Maximal subgraph whose vertices can reach each other
p>(1+\varepsilon )(\log n)/n} . This phenomenon is closely related to the coupon collector's problem: in order to be connected, a random graph needs enough edges for
Component_(graph_theory)
Equivalence of average-case and expected complexity
one page that is unused within the phase. As an instance of the coupon collector's problem, the expected requests per phase is ( k + 1 ) H k {\displaystyle
Yao's_principle
Time to reach all states of a Markov chain
computer networking technology. A classical problem in probability theory, the coupon collector's problem, can be interpreted as the result that the expected
Cover_time
strategy) Coupon collector's problem Birthday paradox Birthday problem Index of coincidence Bible code Spurious relationship Monty Hall problem Probable
List_of_probability_topics
"Average distance between two points in a box (solution to elementary problem E2629)". American Mathematical Monthly. 85 (4): 277–278. doi:10.2307/2321177
Mean_line_segment_length
American mathematician (1936–2013)
Shepp–Olkin conjecture Coupon collector's problem Discrete tomography Dubins path Gaussian process Hook length formula Parallel parking problem Sieve estimator
Lawrence_Shepp
Sum of the first n whole number reciprocals; 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n
\end{aligned}}} Watterson estimator Tajima's D Coupon collector's problem Jeep problem 100 prisoners problem Riemann zeta function List of sums of reciprocals
Harmonic_number
Systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets
to the coupon collector's problem, where the process involves "collecting" (by sampling with replacement) a set of X coupons until each coupon has been
Twelvefold_way
Large connected component of a random graph
approximately 4 t − 2 n {\displaystyle 4t-2n} . However, according to the coupon collector's problem, Θ ( n log n ) {\displaystyle \Theta (n\log n)} edges are needed
Giant_component
Class of codes in coding theory
error) faces the coupon collector's problem: it must successfully receive an encoding symbol which it does not already have. This problem becomes much more
Fountain_code
model Unit measure Betting Bookmaker Coherence Coupon collector's problem / (F:D) Coupon collector's problem (generating function approach) / (F:D) Gambler's
Catalog of articles in probability theory
Catalog_of_articles_in_probability_theory
as described would usually take about ten hours because of the coupon collector's problem. They suggest that, if ever actually played, gameplay must have
Wibold_(bishop_of_Cambrai)
Fair item allocation problem
social welfare. This bound is also tight due to connections to the coupon collector's problem. If m ≥ 2 n {\displaystyle m\geq 2n} and m is divisible by n,
Envy-free_item_allocation
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1952 to 2022
received 2,500 wedding gifts from around the world. Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown (which was designed by Norman Hartnell)
Elizabeth_II
American fast food chain
promotion, where users who liked its Facebook page would receive a digital coupon to redeem a free float. A&W supports Disabled American Veterans and, since
A&W_Restaurants
Prepaid-stored-value money card
for Card Collectors". PSA Blog. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021. "Holiday Gift Guide for sports collectors". Beckett
Gift_card
Small discs used as currency in casinos
increasingly popular with the Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club formed in 1988. Some collectors may value certain casino tokens up to $100,000, which
Casino_chip
Historical Chinese banknotes
with regional standards, Dr. Wen Pei Wei, in his 1914 book "The Currency Problem in China", stated "of a currency system it can be seen that China currently
Zhuangpiao
waste such as plastics and tins to supermarket chains in order to get a coupon to be used in the stores. Then the staff would sort the brought waste for
Waste_management_in_Egypt
Currency of East Germany from 1948 to 1990
coupons had already been printed and, with logistic assistance by the Soviets, distributed among the district offices. First affixings of the coupons
East_German_mark
Filling in missing entries of a matrix
If we assume Bernoulli sampling of the set of observed entries, the Coupon collector effect implies that entries on the order of O ( n log n ) {\displaystyle
Matrix_completion
Monetary unit of Esperantists (1945–1993)
League (Esperanto: Universala Ligo), part of the Esperanto movement, issued coupons and coins denominated in steloj, making attempts to link the Stelo to existing
Stelo
Economic system based on social ownership of the means of production in a market economy
economists in the latter half of the 20th century developed models based such as coupon socialism (by the analytical marxism economist John Roemer) and economic
Market_socialism
1950 mystery novel by Agatha Christie
communication with the police, as people in the village use barter as well as the coupons to get the food items they need. The connections among people in a village
A_Murder_Is_Announced
American food conglomerate
its R&D focus. Starting in 1902, the company's oatmeal boxes came with a coupon redeemable for the legal deed to a tiny lot in Milford, Connecticut. The
Quaker_Oats_Company
with an exclusive shopping spree at The Groove, complete with WOOHP-ons (coupons). However, something is amiss as the girls encounter strange vendors, then
List of Totally Spies! episodes
List_of_Totally_Spies!_episodes
by everyone's doors, paint pails from a painter, and all of the pizza coupons in the lobby. Even worse, George ends up wasting food and other products
List of Curious George episodes
List_of_Curious_George_episodes
Probability distribution
PMID 26780652. Poon, Art; Davis, Bradley H; Chao, Lin (July 2005). "The Coupon Collector and the Suppressor Mutation". Genetics. 170 (3): 1323–1332. doi:10
Gamma_distribution
Paper money issued by a bank
These issues were produced primarily for collectors, rather than for circulation. They are in demand by collectors. Banknotes printed on cloth include a
Banknote
American reality television series (2012–2016)
"Coupon Coup" March 17, 2014 (2014-03-17) YM0511H 1.02 Aaron Kweskin, owner of The Hangout in Seal Beach, California, has been noticing excess coupon use
Mystery_Diners
British economist (1883–1946)
Keynes, conservative powers in the coalition that emerged from the 1918 coupon election were able to ensure that both Keynes himself and the Treasury were
John_Maynard_Keynes
Welsh composer and actor (1893–1951)
for misuse of petrol coupons, a serious offence under rationing laws in wartime Britain. An admiring fan had stolen the coupons from her employer, but
Ivor_Novello
1995 video game
game history, a collector's wooden box package with branded artwork on the sides, The Oregon Trail Strategy Guide, $25.00 rebate coupons for MECC/SoftKey
Oregon_Trail_II
American retail corporation and discount department store chain
a store manager about his teenage daughter receiving pregnancy-related coupons and subsequently discovered that his daughter was actually pregnant. This
Target_Corporation
American rock band
server throughout the entire day, it was impossible to submit for a free coupon. The band condemned Dr Pepper for the failed promotion, with Rose's lawyer
Guns_N'_Roses
Flea market in Canton, Texas
RADIO broadcasting from the First Monday Trade Days grounds Discounts, Coupons, Free Parking Passes, Loyalty Cards and more Canton Trade Days 800 Vendors
First_Monday_Trade_Days
National mint that produces Canadian coins
was $9.99 with a mintage of 50,000. The mint makes collector coins and related products for collectors and enthusiasts in Canada and all over the world
Royal_Canadian_Mint
American animated television series (1996–1997)
$3 mail-in rebates for future Quest videos, display contests, and instant coupon offers on over 20 million packages. Campbell Soup Company released six holographic
The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest
The_Real_Adventures_of_Jonny_Quest
American scale model brand
Diesel engine under the hood. The kit lacked a sleeper cab, but there was a coupon that could be sent in along with ten cents to get it. The following year
Aluminum_Model_Toys
Electronic component used to measure strain
measuring directions). Strain Gauge measurement devices are prone to drift problems. Additionally, their manufacturing requires precise requirements during
Strain_gauge
"Don't get spooked by phantom debt collectors". Fraud.org. Archived from the original on 2014-10-22. "Fake Debt Collectors". US Federal Trade Commission.
List_of_scams
Form of consumption tax
electronically at once, around 2% of government VAT profit goes to food electronic coupon stamps National Credit Network program, during Iranian economic crisis in
Value-added_tax
Tax on investment profits
for certain provisions relating to deferred-interest debt such as zero-coupon bonds. The tax is not separate in its own right, but forms part of the income-tax
Capital_gains_tax
2008 studio album by Guns N' Roses
Dr Pepper upheld its pledge, but its website crashed under demand for coupons. Two days later, Rose's lawyer Alan Gutman threatened legal action, calling
Chinese_Democracy
UK canal linking Manchester to the coast
to make them easier for ordinary people to buy, they issued shilling coupons in books of ten so they could be paid for in instalments. The construction
Manchester_Ship_Canal
indicate they were considered the official Coalition candidates – this "coupon", as it became known, was issued to opponents of many sitting Liberal MPs
History of the United Kingdom during the First World War
History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War
System for transporting documents and other small packages
standards for postage stamps and operates the system of international reply coupons. In most countries a system of codes has been created (referred to as ZIP
"Nielsen ratings". Life. USA Today. February 15, 1995. p. 3D. "Special Collector's Issue: 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time". TV Guide (June 28-July 4)
List of Mad About You episodes
List_of_Mad_About_You_episodes
2007 video game
who had pre-purchased The Orange Box, who had activated their Black Box coupon, which was included with the ATI HD 2900XT Graphics cards, and for members
Team_Fortress_2
2009 video game
standard edition and a Collector's Edition. Both the Collector's Edition and the standard edition of the game comes with a coupon for 1000 Sim Points to
The_Sims_3
Surrender of Paris
vegetables, wine, tobacco... Products could be bought only upon presentation of coupons attributed to specific items and on the specific week in which they could
Paris_in_World_War_II
2009 video game
This would include a fifty-two page artbook, the game's soundtrack, and coupons to redeem for special unlockables on the PlayStation Network and Xbox Live
Dragon_Ball:_Raging_Blast
English industrialist, philanthropist and politician (1851–1925)
Other schemes adopted from the USA included competitions with cash prizes, coupons and tokens included in soap packaging, and sponsorship of worthy causes
William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
William_Lever,_1st_Viscount_Leverhulme
2013. Gorman, Bill (June 16, 2011). "Wednesday Cable Ratings: 'Extreme Couponing' Tops; 'Franklin & Bash,' 'Top Chef,' 'Toddlers & Tiaras,' 'Hot In Cleveland'
List of Happily Divorced episodes
List_of_Happily_Divorced_episodes
Australian slang words
payments, a form of welfare during the Great Depression in the form of food coupons. The word has fallen out of use. ‡Susie or ‡Suzy, Susan ‡Suss, suspicious
Diminutives in Australian English
Diminutives_in_Australian_English
British adult comic magazine
the birds are gagging for squaddies" (with the fine print on the reply coupon indicating to the respondent that spending "33 years hiding behind some
Viz_(comics)
travel, tourism, insurance
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Rowton.
Boy/Male
English American
From the dark town.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
A wood collector
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname from Middle English, Old French co(u)sin, cusin (Latin consobrinus), which in the Middle Ages, as in Shakespearean English, had the general meaning ‘relative’, ‘kinsman’. The surname would thus have denoted a person related in some way to a prominent figure in the neighborhood. In some cases it may also have been a nickname for someone who used the term ‘cousin’ frequently as a familiar term of address. The old slang word cozen ‘cheat’, perhaps derives from the medieval confidence trickster’s use of the word cousin as a term of address to invoke a spurious familiarity. The patronymics constitute the most frequent forms of this name.
Boy/Male
English
Triumphant people; people's victory.
Boy/Male
Muslim
A wood collector
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the numerous places throughout England (but especially in the south) named Compton, from Old English cumb ‘short, straight valley’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Collector
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : habitational name from any of various places called Colton in England, perhaps also Colton House in Scotland. Examples in Norfolk, Staffordshire, and North Yorkshire are from the Old English personal name Cola (or the cognate Old Norse Koli; see Cole 2) + Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. The place so named in Somerset has as its first element the Old English personal name Cūla (of uncertain origin). The one in Cumbria has a river name apparently derived from a Celtic word meaning ‘hazel’.
Surname or Lastname
French, English, and Spanish (Cordón)
French, English, and Spanish (Cordón) : from Old French cordon ‘cord’, ‘ribbon’, a diminutive of corde ‘string’, ‘cord’; Spanish cordón, hence a metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of cord or ribbon.English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in fine Spanish kid leather, from Old French cordoan (so named with being originally produced at Córdoba).
Boy/Male
Celtic
Dark haired wise man.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Collector
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Collector of Pleasures
Boy/Male
English
Triumphant people.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic form of Cocke.
Boy/Male
Irish
Hero.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from a place in North Yorkshire named Coulton, probably from Old English col ‘(char)coal’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of numerous places named from Old English cotum (dative plural of cot) ‘at the cottages or huts’ (or sometimes possibly from a Middle English plural, coten). Examples include Coton (Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Staffordshire), Cottam (East Yorkshire, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire), and Cotham (Nottinghamshire).French : from a diminutive of Old French cot(t)e ‘coat (of mail)’ (see Cott).John Cotton (1584–1652) was a noted Puritan preacher, who landed at Boston, MA, from London in 1633 and became leader of the Congregationalists in America.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
A Wood Collector
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and northern Irish
Scottish and northern Irish : variant of Curzon.English (of Norman origin) : nickname from Old French corson, a diminutive of curt ‘short’ (see Court).
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
COUPON COLLECTORS-PROBLEM
travel, tourism, insurance