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Concept in economics
The concept of fictitious commodities (or false commodities) originated in Karl Polanyi's 1944 book The Great Transformation and refers to anything treated
Fictitious_commodities
Dialectical economic process
wherein all things are commodified, including what Polanyi terms "fictitious commodities": land, labor, and money. Second, a reactionary "countermovement"
Double_movement
pseudo- or fictitious commodities. This basic fictitiousness is the origin of the material contradictions that arise when natural commodities are treated
Commodification_of_nature
Marxist doctrine
is fictitious; it is "money that is thrown into circulation as capital without any material basis in commodities or productive activity". Fictitious capital
Fictitious_capital
Something bought and sold as a result of labor value, in Marxist theory
to them. These are "fictitious commodities" or "pseudo-commodities" or "fiduciary commodities", i.e. their existence as commodities is only nominal or
Commodity_(Marxism)
1944 book by Karl Polanyi
a focus. The market, once it considers land, labor and money as fictitious commodities, and including them "means to subordinate the substance of society
The Great Transformation (book)
The_Great_Transformation_(book)
Small area of agricultural land
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Croft_(land)
Economist, philosopher and historian (1886–1964)
school of economics Notable ideas Embeddedness, Double Movement, fictitious commodities, economistic fallacy, the formalist–substantivist debate (substantivism)
Karl_Polanyi
Economic system based on private ownership
the establishment of generalized markets for what he called the "fictitious commodities", i.e. land, labor and money. Accordingly, he argued that "not until
Capitalism
Type of real estate ownership right
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Air_rights
Market failure benefitting non-paying users
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Free-rider_problem
Legal term for anything which has physical substance
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Tangible_property
Communally owned indigenous land
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Customary_land
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
List of types of formally designated forests
List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests
Stuart, Diana; Gunderson, Ryan (17 June 2020). "Nonhuman Animals as Fictitious Commodities: Exploitation and Consequences in Industrial Agriculture". Society
Animal_exploitation
Something which a legal person can own but which has no physical substance
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Intangible_property
A related theoretical framework is Karl Polanyi's concept of "fictitious commodities," developed in his 1944 work The Great Transformation. Polanyi argued
Merchandization
Legal status as property of most non-human animals
grown, as opposed to hard commodities, such as gold and copper, which are mined. Researchers identify viewing animals as commodities by humans as a manifestation
Commodity_status_of_animals
Blood withdrawal for use by another person via transfusion
Philippe Steiner (2003). "Gifts of Blood and Organs: the Market and "Fictitious" Commodities". Revue Française de Sociologie (5). Revue française de sociologie
Blood_donation
Socioeconomic philosophy
purpose of these items was never intended "for sale"—what he labels "fictitious commodities." He says natural resources are "God-given", money is a bookkeeping
Economic_democracy
Economics concept
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Property_rights_(economics)
Type of consumer activism
wholesalers, and retailers of the product. Carrier also discusses fictitious commodities, which are things that are not produced in the conventional sense
Ethical_consumerism
Method used to study economic questions
told how much they "value" a fictitious commodity and then are asked to competitively "bid" or "ask" on these commodities following the rules of various
Experimental_economics
Non-profit organization
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
International Association for the Study of the Commons
International_Association_for_the_Study_of_the_Commons
Conceptual land artwork by Cameron Rowland
wrote that Depreciation "added friction to how a piece of land, a fictitious commodity, was able to circulate." Curator and writer Simon Wu, writing in
Depreciation_(artwork)
Three-volume work by Karl Marx, 1867–1894
value (allowing commodities to express their values as price) and as a medium of circulation (facilitating the exchange of commodities, C-M-C). These two
Das_Kapital
capitalism to produce more are treated as commodities, yet these aren't real commodities. Described as 'fictitious commodities', nature cannot be given a money
Environmentalism_in_China
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
in which one commodity is exchanged for other commodities. For Marx, exchange-value is not identical to the money price of a commodity. Actual money
Exchange_value
Global hedge fund
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. (November 2025) (Learn
York_Capital_Management
Engaging in risky financial transactions
which included inter-market diversification (it invested in stocks, commodities and currencies) as well as shorting (selling borrowed stocks or futures
Speculation
Already-produced durable goods that are used in production of goods or services
of wages and salaries paid during an employee's contract/employment, fictitious capital, which refers to intangible representations or abstractions of
Capital_(economics)
1963 corporate fraud
The SEC also accused Gobel and De Angelis of getting loans backed by fictitious inventory but failed to get a conviction. In the aftermath of Gobel, De
Salad_oil_scandal
Arbitrage strategy
the repurchase agreement (repo) market. Commodity basis trade: Involves buying or selling physical commodities (e.g., oil, grain) and taking an opposite
Basis_trading
Concept in economic theory
economic life - until commodity production is generalized and the majority of commodities are produced "by means of commodities" in capitalist enterprises
Simple_commodity_production
Benefit provided by a good or service in an economy
refers to "the innate worth of a commodity, which determines the normal ('equilibrium') ratio at which two commodities exchange." To Keen and the tradition
Value_(economics)
Systems of organizing production and distribution within capitalist societies
fuel both the means of production and labor in order to make commodities. These commodities are then sold to the market for a profit. The profit once again
Capitalist_mode_of_production
Central concept in Marxian critique of political economy
as "generalized" (or universalized) commodity production, i.e. the production of commodities by means of commodities, in a circular self-reproducing flow
Value-form
Generic term for all markets in which trading takes place with capital
vegetable), livestock, cocoa, coffee and sugar. Hard commodities is a term generally referring to commodities that are mined such as gold, gemstones and other
Financial_market
American cryptocurrency-based prediction market
that the city would be captured by Russia by November 15 was closed, the fictitious advance was removed from the map. The next day, a Polymarket user accused
Polymarket
Municipal Capital in Western Region, Ghana
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. (August 2025) (Learn
Bogoso
American business executive
energy-transition commodities, and recycled materials. In October 2024 S&P Global announced Ernsberger's appointment as co-president of its Commodity Insights
Dave_Ernsberger
Dubai-based commodity trader
includes dozens of trading companies established in the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre freezone of the UAE, as well as ship management and operations
2Rivers
British Second World War deception operation
Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin. Correspondence between two British
Operation_Mincemeat
Concept in economics and decision theory
"Utility is the quality in commodities that makes individuals want to buy them, and the fact that individuals want to buy commodities shows that they have utility"
Utility
Mathematical operation in linear algebra
\alpha +\beta } , as expected. As an example, a fictitious factory uses 4 kinds of basic commodities, b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , b 4 {\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}
Matrix_multiplication
French intellectual and literary figure (1897–1962)
in Bataille's name) Le Petit, 1943 (under pseudonym of Louis Trente; fictitious publication date of 1934) L'expérience intérieure, 1943 (Inner Experience)
Georges_Bataille
kingdoms and empires in West Africa. Iron also became a valuable trade commodity, fostering economic networks across Africa and beyond. The trans-Saharan
History of metallurgy in Africa
History_of_metallurgy_in_Africa
Person who allocates capital with the expectation of a financial return
include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc
Investor
Character created by Jules Verne
In keeping with his contempt for surface civilization, he uses few commodities that aren't marine in origin, be they food, clothing, or even tobacco
Captain_Nemo
Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
and has historically been a major commodity for the area, although it is on the wane. Other agricultural commodities include corn, hay, walnuts, walnut
Sarlat-la-Canéda
Group of AI companies in China
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. (June 2026) (Learn how
Six_AI_tigers
Person or company involved in trading equity securities
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that growth for stock and commodities traders was forecast to be greater than 21% between 2006 and 2016. In
Stock_trader
Japanese media and theatre genre
Zenigata Heiji and Abarenbō Shōgun typify the Edo jidaigeki. Mito Kōmon, the fictitious story of the travels of the historical daimyō Tokugawa Mitsukuni, and
Jidaigeki
Portmanteau that criticizes California-style urban sprawl
Holbrook, author and Oregonian columnist, who campaigned through the fictitious James G. Blaine Society against development and unchecked population growth
Californication_(word)
1985 book by Neil Postman
Postman sees television's entertainment value as a present-day soma, the fictitious pleasure drug in Brave New World, by means of which the citizens' rights
Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death
Temporary spike in asset prices
appeared in most asset classes, including stocks (e.g. Roaring Twenties), commodities (e.g. Uranium bubble), real estate (e.g. 2000s US housing bubble), and
Economic_bubble
School of economic thought
measure of a commodity's worth in comparison to other commodities. It is closely related to exchange-value, the ratio at which commodities should be traded
Marxian_economics
Khan, 1958-66". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 26 February 2026. "Major Commodities of Pakistan: A Review". Economic Digest. 3 (3): 44–52. 1960. JSTOR 41243217
Economy_of_South_Asia
Revolution
Crusades from around 1100 exposed Europeans to spices, silks, and other commodities then rare in Europe. Consumer demand fostered the expansion of trade
Commercial_revolution
Economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directory role
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Dirigisme
until 1917, sharply increased its purchases of Latin American commodities. Commodities useful for the war, such as metals, petroleum, and nitrates, increased
Economic history of Latin America
Economic_history_of_Latin_America
this new colonial bourgeois class grew wealthy by trafficking in the commodities that were produced through the exploitations of both their adopted and
Comprador_Colonialism
Mathematical theorem
all the power to set prices and renegotiate their trades. Hence, the fictitious Walrasian auctioneer of general equilibrium, while strictly speaking completely
Edgeworth's_limit_theorem
French sociologist and philosopher (1929–2007)
that exemplify Baudrillard's concept of hyperreality. By orchestrating fictitious events—such as the Cathouse for Dogs and Portofess—which were reported
Jean_Baudrillard
Trading exchange for crypto- and digital currencies
ATMs worldwide while other digital currencies are backed by real-world commodities such as gold. The creators of digital currencies are typically independent
Cryptocurrency_exchange
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
continuing the deregulation of the financial sector through passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act and the repeal of the Glass–Steagall Act and
Neoliberalism
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
In June 2012, he launched Mithril Capital Management, named after the fictitious metal in The Lord of the Rings, with Jim O'Neill and Ajay Royan. Unlike
Peter_Thiel
2025 Jihadist fuel blockade
Malian army spokesman Souleymane Dembele said that the blockade was fictitious and "information warfare orchestrated by foreign media", with "no systematic
Mali_fuel_blockade
Alert: Blow the Whistle on Corrupt Practices in the Commodities and Derivatives Markets". Commodity Futures Trading Commission Whistleblower Program. Retrieved
CFTC_Whistleblower_Program
Financial scandal in India
Oswal, IIFL commodity arms 'not fit and proper'". "Two more commodities brokers 'not fit & proper'". "Sebi declares Phillip Commodities India 'not fit
NSEL_case
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
au. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 December 2020. Fictitious stories about pandemics give us a way to experience the horror in a controlled
COVID-19_pandemic
Walter Benjamin's unfinished work
leads to what Agamben calls absolute profanation, wherein everything — commodities, language, sexuality — is transformed into a cultic fetish. This dynamic
Capitalism_as_Religion
Accounting system used for special reporting requirements
process of accounting for a portfolio of investments such as securities, commodities and/or real estate held in an investment fund such as a mutual fund or
Fund_accounting
Overview of the culture of a capitalist system
Capitalist culture promotes the accumulation of capital and the sale of commodities, where individuals are primarily defined by their relationship to business
Culture_of_capitalism
American technology company
(including Leidos) on its export control list, barring the export of dual-use commodities to that business. In May, the Department of Homeland Security terminated
Leidos
French economist and businessman (1767–1832)
writing that "production of commodities creates, and is the one and universal cause which creates a market for the commodities produced". In Say's language
Jean-Baptiste_Say
Aristocratic family in the United Kingdom
Spencer (died 1522), first made a living by trading in livestock and other commodities and eventually saved enough money to purchase both the Wormleighton and
Spencer_family
1986 American horror film by Kevin S. Tenney
financial issues, he found a job at a commodities firm where the owner, Walter Josten, was getting bored of commodities. Rolan mentioned Tenney's script to
Witchboard
2015 Indian film
discrimination and honour killing. Kaun Kitney Paani Mein is a story about two fictitious villages: Upri, which is made up of upper-caste people who are extremely
Kaun_Kitne_Paani_Mein
Zimbabwean businessman and entrepreneur
including mining, construction, logistics, general manufacturing, energy, and commodity trading, with reported investments valued at over US$1 billion. Simon
Simon_Rudland
public media defunding: 'The claim that this is an assault on the press is fictitious and absurd'". Carbondale Reporter. May 20, 2025. Lissau, Russell (May
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois
Promotion of capitalist ideology
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Capitalist_propaganda
Economic policy emphasizing exports
relations with dominated societies, and the production of bullion and exotic commodities, using coerced (often slave) labor in colonized societies. Miller, C
Mercantilism
India's maritime security operation
maritime safety and security by escorting about 15,000,000 Tg of vital commodities under transit in the region and has given over 450 merchant vessels confidence
Operation_Sankalp
Country in South America
Gootenberg, Paul. (1993) Imagining development: economic ideas in Peru's "fictitious prosperity" of Guano, 1840–1880. Berkeley: University of California Press
Peru
Legal grant of land given to colonists
Another problem was that secretaries sometimes issued headrights for fictitious people. During the 1660s and 1670s, the number of headrights was about
Headright
Indian stock exchange in Mumbai
there were 190 ETFs listed on the NSE, including ETFs on equity, debt and commodity asset classes. The first InvIT listed on the NSE in 2017 and the first
National Stock Exchange of India
National_Stock_Exchange_of_India
Number, approximately 1.618
golden ratio in nature, especially in regard to animal dimensions, are fictitious. The quasi-one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet CoNb 2 O 6 {\textstyle {\ce
Golden_ratio
Portuguese explorer (c. 1460s – 1524)
cinnamon, but other commodities new to Europe were soon included in trade. Portugal maintained a commercial monopoly of these commodities for several decades
Vasco_da_Gama
British political economist (1766–1834)
297–334. 1829. On the measure of the conditions necessary to the supply of commodities. Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom
Thomas_Robert_Malthus
Economic theories regarding cyclical recessions
composition of capital is low); (5) Foreign trade (which offers cheaper commodities and more profitable channels of investment); and (6) The increase of
Crisis_theory
School of Marxism aligned with humanist philosophies
into commodities that carry abstract exchange-value. This shift marks the beginning of alienation because people relate to products as commodities rather
Marxist_humanism
Port in Andhra Pradesh, India
ore, steel products, general cargo, coal and crude oil are the main commodities handled at this port. The port is accessible by railways and by road
Visakhapatnam_Port
British economist and politician (1772–1823)
of David Ricardo and the author of seminal Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities, who resurrected Ricardo as the originator of another strand
David_Ricardo
Technological phenomenon with social implications
then automatically denies Uyghurs from being able to purchase household commodities such as kitchen knives , if they must, then there have to be serious
Algorithmic_bias
Currency of Indonesia
to Rp11.4, with export tariffs of 15–25% on commodities in which Indonesia was strong. Weaker commodities were not subject to tariffs, and from 1955 were
Indonesian_rupiah
Country in Central Asia
agricultural activity, so the resulting wool, meat and dairy products are major commodities. Main crops include wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, vegetables
Kyrgyzstan
American film by Jan de Bont
state senator, commented that the tornado appeared eerily similar to the fictitious one in the film. He had lived in the home since 1978. Following the film's
Twister_(1996_film)
Practice of eating a child or fetus
While older cases are often poorly documented and may in some cases be fictitious or distorted, the truth behind cases from the 20th century and beyond
Child_cannibalism
Valuation in finance
Karl Marx refers to NPV as fictitious capital, and the calculation as "capitalising," writing: The forming of a fictitious capital is called capitalising
Net_present_value
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
Boy/Male
Muslim
Commodities
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, Hebrew, Vietnamese
Fence; Fictitious Four-legged Animal with a Single Horn on the Head; Unicorn
Boy/Male
Indian
Commodities
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who led a horse and cart conveying commodities from one place to another, Middle English ledere, an agent noun from Old English lǣdan ‘to lead’. The word may also sometimes have been used to denote a foreman or someone who led sport or dance, but the name certainly did not originate with leader in the modern sense ‘civil or military commander’; this is a comparatively recent development.English : occupational name for a worker in lead, from an agent derivative of Old English lēad ‘lead’.
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Indian
Strange, Foreign
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Soundness; Integrity
Boy/Male
Tamil
Thirugnanam | தீரà¯à®•à¯à®¨à®¾à®¨à®®
Wise, Knowledgeable, Attained realization
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Queen; Who was Mother of Kauravas; From Gandhar
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Love and Affection
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
To Progress
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Great Meadow
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French
Good-looking Companion; Handsome Friend
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a reduced pet form of the personal name
Nicolas (see Nicholas).English : variant spelling of
Collin.A Colin from Brittany, France, is documented in St. Ours, Quebec,
in 1669, with the secondary surname LaLiberté, which is
often translated Liberty; Colin is often Americanized as
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
a.
Fictitious or sham; feigned; as, a dummy watch.
n.
Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all works of imagination; specifically, novels and romances.
a.
Fictitious.
a.
Bearing a false or fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work.
n.
The using of fictitious names, as by authors.
a.
Setted by a pact, or agreement.
a.
Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.
a.
Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.
n.
One against whom a fictitious action of fine was brought.
a.
Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; sham; formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or conventional, in distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not natural; as, factitious cinnabar or jewels; a factitious taste.
v.
A discussion or debate; especially, a discussion of fictitious causes by way of practice.
n.
The process of temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by fictitious sales.
a.
Distended or enlarged fictitiously; as, inflated prices, etc.
n.
A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan.
n.
A fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name.
n.
A fabulous or fictitious story.
a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious; romantic.
a.
Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life.
a.
Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; as, a commentitious system of religion.
a.
Feigned; imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine; as, fictitious fame.