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Respiratory sensory receptors
Central chemoreceptors are chemoreceptors beneath the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata which are highly sensitive to pH changes of nearby cerebrospinal
Central_chemoreceptor
Sensory receptor that detects chemicals
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate
Chemoreceptor
Sensory receptors that detect changes in chemical concentrations
Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood
Peripheral_chemoreceptor
Species of ray-finned fish
maximum in the range 18.4–29.6 °C (65.1–85.3 °F). Bowfin do not use central chemoreceptor regulation for respiration control. Experiments manipulating the
Bowfin
Breathing control
are located in the arterial aortic bodies and the carotid bodies. Central chemoreceptors are primarily sensitive to changes in the pH of the blood, (resulting
Control_of_ventilation
Lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up
their own carbon dioxide. Because of the immature state of their central chemoreceptors, infants do not respond to the subsequent respiratory acidosis that
Supine_position
Portion of the medulla oblongata
processes.[citation needed] Upon increase in carbon dioxide level at central chemoreceptors, it stimulates the sympathetic system to constrict vessels. This
Vasomotor_center
Process of moving air in and out of the lungs
centers in the brainstem that receive input from central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are particularly sensitive to
Breathing
Abnormal pattern of breathing
that the tumors infiltrate the pontine respiratory centers and central chemoreceptors. CNH has not been found to be associated with any other of the body's
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Central_neurogenic_hyperventilation
Peripheral D2 receptor antagonist
antipsychotic drugs had a significant effect on dopamine receptors in the central chemoreceptor trigger zone that regulated vomiting, and started searching for
Domperidone
Respiratory compensation formula
in the PaCO2, the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Central chemoreceptors are found in the brainstem and respond primarily to decreased pH
Winters's_formula
Abnormally high tissue pH due to metabolic dysfunction
central chemoreceptors which are sensitive to the partial pressure of CO2[citation needed] in the cerebral spinal fluid. So, because of the central chemoreceptors
Metabolic_alkalosis
Cell cluster within carotid arteries which monitors blood content
The carotid body is a small cluster of peripheral chemoreceptor cells and supporting sustentacular cells situated at the bifurcation of each common carotid
Carotid_body
Brain region controlling cardiovascular functions
as: change of blood pH, detected by central chemoreceptors. change of blood pH, detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies and in the carotid
Cardiovascular_centre
Sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished
carbon dioxide. Oxygen and carbon dioxide receptors in the body (called chemoreceptors) send nerve impulses to the brain, which then signals for reflexive
Central_sleep_apnea
Cluster of interneurons in the medulla oblongata
Shi Y, Bayliss DA (November 2019). "The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus: Central Chemoreceptor and Regulator of Breathing Automaticity". Trends in Neurosciences
Pre-Bötzinger_complex
Area of the brain
The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with
Chemoreceptor_trigger_zone
Physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure
reflex. The role of the central chemoreceptors in the Cushing reflex is unclear. In most normal pressure responses the chemoreceptors and baroreceptors work
Cushing_reflex
Process by which the human body regulates pH
the arterial blood is monitored by the central chemoreceptors of the medulla oblongata. These chemoreceptors are sensitive to the levels of carbon dioxide
Acid–base_homeostasis
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
dioxide is detected as altered pH in the cerebrospinal fluid by central chemoreceptors (CNS) in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. Information from
Homeostasis
Condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly or deeply enough
acidosis (increased acidity of the blood). Under normal circumstances, central chemoreceptors in the brain stem detect the acidity and respond by increasing the
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome
Medical condition of lack of oxygen in the tissues
increases dramatically, so much as to override the signals from central chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus, increasing PO2 despite a falling PCO2 In most
Hypoxia_(medicine)
Flow of the respiratory current out of an organism
mechanoreceptors because they recognize physical changes not chemical changes. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla also recognize chemical variations in H+. Specifically
Exhalation
Physiological responses to immersion of air-breathing vertebrates
and is sustained via neural processing originating in the carotid chemoreceptors. The most noticeable effects are on the cardiovascular system, which
Diving_reflex
Chemoreceptive and support cells
carotid bodies and aortic bodies. Glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors which sense the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood. When
Glomus_cell
Species of fish
smell for hunting prey (owing to its sensitive Weberian apparatus and chemoreceptors), although like many other catfish, the species exhibits a tapetum lucidum
Wels_catfish
Medication to prevent nausea and vomiting
are present both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema in the medulla. Serotonin
Ondansetron
Chemical compound
excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affect the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. The drug has been shown to reduce the magnitude of the
Meclizine
Fatal complication of epilepsy
reflexes—particularly those involving baroreflex sensitivity, vagal tone, and chemoreceptor responses to elevated levels of carbon dioxide — may further hinder
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Sudden_unexpected_death_in_epilepsy
in the carotid sinus innervation of glomus type I chemoreceptor cells in the carotid body The central processes of the neurons which provide taste sensation
Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve
Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve
lungs. Respiratory control involves chemoreceptors that sense changes in blood gases and pH: Central chemoreceptors: Located in the medulla, respond primarily
Physics_of_respiration
Chemical compound
is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant first manufactured in 1911, and which has been used in hypnotic overdose. As with other chemoreceptor agonists
Bemegride
Terrestrial invertebrate, order Opisthopora
to motor neurons and sensory cells in each segment. Large numbers of chemoreceptors concentrate near its mouth. Circumferential and longitudinal muscles
Earthworm
Sensory nuclei in medulla oblongata
sinus reflex, the aortic reflex, the cough reflex, the baroreflex and chemoreceptor reflexes, several respiratory reflexes, the belch reflex, and other
Solitary_nucleus
Brain region controlling respiration
to physiological changes. The respiratory center receives input from chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, the cerebral cortex, and the hypothalamus in order
Respiratory_center
Plant-derived drug used for airway decongestion and to induce vomiting
act locally by irritating the gastric mucosa and centrally by stimulating the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce vomiting.[citation needed]
Syrup_of_ipecac
Anticholinergic medication
anticholinergic drugs. Hyoscine butylbromide is still capable of affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, due to the lack of a well-developed blood-brain barrier
Hyoscine_butylbromide
Physiological capacity
photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors) in sensory organs transduct sensory information from these organs towards the central nervous system,
Sense
Part of the nervous system
electrical action potential. The two primary types of chemoreceptors are: Distance chemoreceptors are integral to receiving stimuli in gases in the olfactory
Sensory_nervous_system
Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Hypoglossal nucleus Chemoreceptor trigger zone Pontine nuclei Pontine cranial nerve nuclei Chief or pontine
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Medication for motion sickness or vertigo
effects directly on the vestibular system and on the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Cyclizine exerts a central anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) action. Cyclizine
Cyclizine
Expulsion of stomach contents via the mouth or nose
Receptors on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain represent a chemoreceptor trigger zone, known as the area postrema, stimulation of which can lead
Vomiting
Flatworms of the Turbellaria class
triclads have an anterior end or head where sense organs, such as eyes and chemoreceptors, are usually found. Some species have auricles that protrude from the
Planarian
Cranial nerve IX, for the tongue and pharynx
component of CN IX innervates the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and chemoreceptors of the carotid body. Peripheral and intracranial course. Sensory fibers
Glossopharyngeal_nerve
Topics referred to by the same term
CTZ may refer to: Chemoreceptor trigger zone in neuroscience CTZ is the ICAO airline designator for CATA Línea Aérea, Argentina CTZ is the IATA airport
CTZ
Compound that induces a loss of consciousness
tube, to ensure patient safety. General anesthetics also affect the chemoreceptor trigger zone and brainstem vomiting center, eliciting nausea and vomiting
General_anaesthetic
Type of sensory receptor
(sustained touch and pressure) Free nerve endings Thermoreceptor Nociceptors Chemoreceptors With the above-mentioned receptor types the skin can sense the modalities
Cutaneous_receptor
Abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood
blood level of carbon dioxide, as determined by central and peripheral chemoreceptors located in the central nervous system and carotid and aortic bodies
Hypoxemia
Order of arachnids
to as the racket organs (sing. malleolus). These paired organs are chemoreceptors, being the analogues of pectines in scorpions, and modified walking
Solifugae
Species of amphibian
flow underground through the extensive limestone bedrock of the karst of Central and Southeastern Europe in the basin of the Soča River (Italian: Isonzo)
Olm
Species of spider
cocoon, and emit pheromones to lure males, who can sense them through chemoreceptors. The males insert sperm using their pedipalps, and fertilize the eggs
Larinioides_cornutus
Organ found in humans and other animals
including baroreceptors, sensing the stretching of blood vessels and chemoreceptors, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and its
Heart
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
P2Y12 is a chemoreceptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that belongs to the Gi class of a group of G protein-coupled (GPCR) purinergic receptors. This
P2Y12
Disorder involving pauses in breathing during sleep
upper airway obstruction, carbon dioxide builds up in the bloodstream. Chemoreceptors in the bloodstream note the high carbon dioxide levels. The brain is
Sleep_apnea
Species of bivalve
outlet. Other clams can detect SIS immediately. Incoming water passes chemoreceptors situated close to the incurrent syphon that transmit the information
Giant_clam
Species of flowering plant
A.; RADKE, CELIA D.; SACHDEV-GUPTA, KUSUM (1995). "Tarsal contact chemoreceptor response to glucosinolates and cardenolides mediating oviposition in
Erysimum_cheiranthoides
Species of arthropod
suffocation.[citation needed] Among other senses, they have a small chemoreceptor organ that senses smells on the triangular area formed by the exoskeleton
Atlantic_horseshoe_crab
Species of insect
saliva to soften solid foods or collect loose particles. Houseflies have chemoreceptors, organs of taste, on the tarsi of their legs, so they can identify foods
Housefly
Detectable change in the internal or external surroundings
light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors. When detected by a sensory receptor, a stimulus
Stimulus_(physiology)
Physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems
sensilla enable insects to smell and are usually found in the antennae. Chemoreceptor sensitivity related to smell in some substances, is very high and some
Insect_physiology
Speed of the heartbeat, measured in beats per minute
Among these receptors are various proprioreceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, plus stimuli from the limbic system which normally enable the precise
Heart_rate
Phylum of invertebrates, ribbon worms
and run along the length of the body. Most nemerteans have various chemoreceptors, and on their heads some species have a number of pigment-cup ocelli
Nemertea
Species of gastropod
Moroz Leonid L, Nagle Gregg T, Degnan Bernard M (2009). "Candidate chemoreceptor subfamilies differentially expressed in the chemosensory organs of the
California_sea_hare
Order of fish
their basal element (the maxilla) is lost. Many larger catfish have chemoreceptors across their entire bodies (especially the barbels), which means they
Catfish
Taste receptor cells
the gustatory cells. The gustatory (taste) cells, which are chemoreceptors, occupy the central portion of the bud; they are spindle-shaped, and each possesses
Taste_bud
Type of glandular cell found in brain
the lung, and bronchial carcinoid tumor. PNECs may play a role with chemoreceptors in hypoxia detection. This is best supported by the presence of an oxygen-sensitive
Neuroendocrine_cell
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) Outer hair cells
List_of_human_cell_types
Largest artery in the human body
outer layers of the aorta. The aortic arch contains baroreceptors and chemoreceptors that relay information concerning blood pressure and blood pH and carbon
Aorta
Study of heart functions
Among these receptors are various proprioreceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, plus stimuli from the limbic system which normally enable the precise
Cardiac_physiology
Species of snakes
but by smell, flicking its tongue to carry the scent of its prey to chemoreceptors, the vomeronasal organ, within its mouth. In this way it is able to
Queen_snake
Incurable progressive feline disease
vomiting for various reasons. Firstly, they directly irritate chemoreceptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. Secondly, they increase gastrinsecretion
Chronic kidney disease in cats
Chronic_kidney_disease_in_cats
Toxic effects of carbon monoxide
arterial blood (note this process is complex due to involvement of chemoreceptors and other physiological functionalities). Carbon monoxide is not 'ejected'
Carbon_monoxide_poisoning
Species of snake
evolves greater elongation and deeper forking, and the abundance of chemoreceptors rises in the vomeronasal organs, the chemosensory responsiveness is
Opheodrys_aestivus
Veterinary medication
oral maropitant in rats. Vomiting is caused when impulses from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ) in the brain are sent to the vomiting center in
Maropitant
Species of snake
or ambush hunters. They utilize both enhanced vision and sensitive chemoreceptors in order to detect nearby prey. Coachwhips subdue prey by grasping and
Masticophis_flagellum
Species of whale
other belugas. Areas in the mouth have been found that could act as chemoreceptors for different tastes, and they can detect the presence of blood in water
Beluga_whale
Vital part of the nervous system controlling the gastrointestinal tract
is similar to the anatomy of the central nervous system. The plexus includes sensory receptors, such as chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors, that are used
Enteric_nervous_system
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
astrocytes), mechanoreceptor cells (e.g. hair cells and Merkel cells), chemoreceptor cells (e.g. glomus cells, taste receptors), some plant cells and possibly
Membrane_potential
Genus of beetles
exist in 9. Burying beetles have large club-like antennae equipped with chemoreceptors capable of detecting a dead animal from a long distance. After finding
Burying_beetle
Nerve cell that converts environmental stimuli into corresponding internal stimuli
outside the body are called exteroreceptors. Exteroreceptors include chemoreceptors such as olfactory receptors (smell), taste receptors, photoreceptors
Sensory_neuron
Class of drug
blood–brain barrier and produce adverse central antidopaminergic effects, but blocks opioid emetic action in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. This drug is not available
Opioid
Medullary structure in the brain that controls vomiting
center for humoral and neural signals by means of its function as a chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting in response to emetic drugs. It is a densely
Area_postrema
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of nicotine
transmission of vasomotor reflexes from the carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors of the dog". The Journal of Physiology. 277 (1): 379–385. doi:10.1113/jphysiol
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Species of arachnid (type of jumping spider)
pheromones in their draglines that males can detect through contact with chemoreceptors in their pedipalps. This provides the male with information about the
Phidippus_audax
Process by which light activates retinal cells
aristolochic acid. Thus, the lysine is not needed for Rh1 to function as chemoreceptor. Spectral sensitivities of Drosophila melanogaster opsins in photoreceptor
Visual_phototransduction
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
postrema in the medulla of the brainstem, in a region known as the chemoreceptor trigger zone. This area contains a large population of type D2 dopamine
Dopamine
Structure of the brain stem
the carotid and aortic bodies. Respiration is regulated by groups of chemoreceptors. These sensors detect changes in the acidity of the blood; if, for example
Medulla_oblongata
Chemical compound
Apomorphine causes vomiting by acting on dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla; this activates the nearby vomiting center
Apomorphine
Medical symptom or condition
supratentorial region is also responsible for the sensation of nausea. Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ): The CTZ is located in the area postrema in the floor
Nausea
Class of molluscs
posterior mantle margins. The organs are usually mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors, in some cases located on short tentacles. The osphradium is a patch
Bivalvia
Species of insect (butterfly)
structure. This can be detected through the female J. coenia foretarsal chemoreceptors. Larvae also appear to weakly adopt automimicry as a survival strategy
Junonia_coenia
Medical condition
aspirin taken. High levels of salicylates stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors and the central respiratory centers in the medulla causing increased ventilation
Salicylate_poisoning
third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic) contractions chemotherapy CTZ Chemoreceptor trigger zone CUC chronic ulcerative colitis CUP cancer of unknown primary
List of medical abbreviations: C
List_of_medical_abbreviations:_C
Small insects of the family Gryllidae
than find another male. An aggressive song is triggered by contact chemoreceptors on the antennae that detect the presence of another male cricket. Crickets
Cricket_(insect)
Interfaces between the brain and the circulatory system
However, there is strong evidence that the area postrema acts as the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting, which is triggered by the presence of noxious
Circumventricular_organs
Species of amphibian
by the plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix), among others. It uses chemoreceptors to sense chemical cues left by the snake. The great plains toad occur
Great_Plains_toad
Central organ of the human nervous system
pH levels are also sensed on the walls of arteries in the peripheral chemoreceptors of the aortic and carotid bodies. This information is passed via the
Human_brain
Species of beetle
chemoreception mechanisms mediated by odorant-binding proteins and chemoreceptors, provides insights into their behavior and potential management strategies
Hylamorpha
Measurement of blood pumped by the heart
Stewart-Hamilton principle but measures temperatures changes from central venous line to a central arterial line, i.e., the femoral or axillary arterial line
Cardiac_output
Common side effects in chemotherapy treatment
of the fourth ventricle of the brain represent the chemoreceptor trigger zone. The chemoreceptor trigger zone contains dopamine D2 receptors, serotonin
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Chemotherapy-induced_nausea_and_vomiting
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Central
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly central and northern), Scottish, and Irish
English (chiefly central and northern), Scottish, and Irish : variant of Hanley.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central and southeastern England)
English (mainly central and southeastern England) : patronymic from a personal name (see Hawk 1), or a variant of Hawk 2.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Of variegated color
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central England)
English (mainly central England) : patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Thomas.
Surname or Lastname
English (central and northern)
English (central and northern) : nickname for a gentle or timid person, from Middle English, Old English hind ‘female deer’.English and Scottish : variant of Hine ‘servant’, with excrescent -d.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Central; Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Central; Centre of Body; An Ancient King
Surname or Lastname
English (southeastern and central)
English (southeastern and central) : topographic name for someone who lived by some oak trees, from misdivision of Middle English atten okes ‘at the oaks’ (see Nock).
Girl/Female
Muslim
Limitless, Protector, Defendant, Central
Girl/Female
Tamil
Central
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Protector defendant, central
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central)
English (mainly central) : topographic name for someone who lived where holly trees grew, from Middle English holi(n)s, plural of holin, holi(e) (Old English hole(g)n).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cantrell.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sindhi, Telugu
Of Variegated Colour
Girl/Female
Muslim
Protector, Defendant, Central
Surname or Lastname
English (central western England)
English (central western England) : from the Middle English personal name Huwelet, Huwelot, Hughelot, a double diminutive of Hugh formed with the diminutive suffixes -el + -et and -ot. The surname is also established in Ireland.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Protector; Defendant; Central
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Traditional
Central
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Protector; Central; Defendant
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR
adv.
Toward the ventral side; on the ventral side; ventrally; -- opposed to dorsad.
pl.
of Centrum
a.
Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the belly, or ventral side, of an animal or of one of its parts; hemal; abdominal; as, the ventral fin of a fish; the ventral root of a spinal nerve; -- opposed to dorsal.
v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
a.
Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire.
n.
Alt. of Centrale
a.
Alt. of Centrical
adv.
In a central manner or situation.
a.
Of or pertaining to the chin; genian; as, the mental nerve; the mental region.
v. t.
To place or fix in the center or on a central point.
a.
Of or pertaining to the mind; intellectual; as, mental faculties; mental operations, conditions, or exercise.
pl.
of Postmaster-general
a.
Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.
a.
Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom.
a.
Placed in the center or middle; central.
a.
Of or pertaining to a century; as, a centurial sermon.
n.
The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the navicular.
a.
Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture.
a.
Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts; inner; -- opposed to ectal.