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Protein-coding gene in humans
Calcium modulating ligand (CAMLG or CAML), also known as calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand, is a signalling protein recognized by the TNF receptor
Calcium_modulating_ligand
Substance that binds to a receptor to change its response to stimuli
bind (i.e., an orthosteric site). Modulators and agonists can both be called receptor ligands. Allosteric modulators can be 1 of 3 types either: positive
Allosteric_modulator
Topics referred to by the same term
dialect of the ML programming language. CAML may also refer to: Calcium modulating ligand Canadian Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation
CAML
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
Ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), also commonly referred to as ionotropic receptors, are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of nicotine
(α7)5 (another CNS-type). A comparison follows: Various drugs are ligands and modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Examples include nicotinic
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Drugs that disrupt movement of calcium across calcium channels
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca2+)
Calcium_channel_blocker
Mammalian protein found in humans
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular levels of calcium ions. It is primarily expressed
Calcium-sensing_receptor
Pharmaceutical drug
that combines a recombinant transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and a fragment of human immunoglobulin
Telitacicept
Class of transport proteins
Calcium-activated potassium channels are potassium channels gated by calcium, or that are structurally or phylogenetically related to calcium gated channels
Calcium-activated potassium channel
Calcium-activated_potassium_channel
Type of drug which modulates ion channels
Examples of targets for modulators include: Voltage-gated ion channels Calcium channel: see also Calcium channel blocker, Calcium channel opener Potassium
Channel_modulator
Gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs
Gabapentinoids are high affinity ligands of the α2δ protein that was first described as an auxiliary subunit of certain voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). All
Gabapentinoid
Chaperone protein
subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor. In humans, the σ1 receptor is
Sigma-1_receptor
Chemical compound
more potent than IP3. IP3R is a ligand-gated intracellular Ca2+ release channel that plays a central role in modulating cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration
Adenophostin
Regulation of enzyme activity
site or the binding site of the endogenous ligand of a receptor are called orthosteric regulators or modulators. The site to which the effector binds is
Allosteric_regulation
Family of transport proteins
calcium channel (also known as the dihydropyridine channel, or DHP channel) is part of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium
L-type_calcium_channel
Type of chemical bonding with metal ions
separate dative covalent bonds between a ligand and a single metal atom, thereby forming a ring structure. The ligand is called a chelant, chelator, chelating
Chelation
Ionotropic serotonin receptor
and calcium (Ca) ions and mediate neuronal depolarization and excitation within the central and peripheral nervous systems. As with other ligand gated
5-HT3_receptor
G-protein-coupled receptor
in each case, agonist binding results in an increase in intracellular calcium levels. However, orexin-B shows a 5- to 10-fold selectivity for orexin
Orexin_receptor
Human protein
failure. Ligands of TSPO have been shown to induce apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells.[citation needed] In lymphatic tissues, TSPO modulates apoptosis
Translocator_protein
Medication
last step through binding to transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor. It then causes B cells to produce autoantigen
Sibeprenlimab
Protein molecule receiving signals for a cell
sends the signal onward, amplification increases the effect of a single ligand, and integration allows the signal to be incorporated into another biochemical
Receptor_(biochemistry)
Group of signal transduction pathways involved in embryonic development
pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. All three pathways are activated by the binding of a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor,
Wnt_signaling_pathway
Type of carbohydrate-binding protein
three bound calcium ions: two in the structural calcium site and one in the ligand binding site. The amino acid residues in the structural calcium site are
Intelectin
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
capable of being shut off by chemical ligands even though they do not require ligands in order to operate. Ligand-gated ion channels are channels whose
Membrane_potential
Group of voltage-gated ion channels permeable to Ca2+
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the
Voltage-gated_calcium_channel
Group of chemical compounds
action on calcium levels. It is also used as an ointment to locally treat psoriasis. Most VDRMs are developed to reduce the effects on blood calcium and phosphate
Vitamin_D_receptor_modulator
Class of intracellular transport proteins
ryanodine into a high affinity ligand responsible for finding its purified receptor. The purified receptor turned out to be a calcium release channel, responsible
Ryanodine_receptor
Messenger protein
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic
Calmodulin
Group of transport proteins
The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) proteins (or calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs), are heterogeneous groups of ligand-gated ion
Calcium-dependent chloride channel
Calcium-dependent_chloride_channel
Category of drugs
target for the development of channel modulating drugs such as chloride channel openers. Chloride channel modulators include chloride channel openers, and
Chloride_channel_opener
Chemical compound
Ethylenediamine (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2. This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor
Ethylenediamine
Protein found in humans
Fas ligand (FasL, also known as CD95L or Apo-1L) is a type-II transmembrane protein in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. It binds to the Fas
Fas_ligand
Active form of vitamin D
expression of many genes. Calcitriol increases blood calcium mainly by increasing the uptake of calcium from the intestines. Calcitriol can be given as a
Calcitriol
Molecular mechanism
sites for the same ligand on the same polypeptide. One such example is calmodulin. One molecule of calmodulin binds four calcium ions cooperatively.
Cooperative_binding
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
endogenous ligands, the other being newly deorphanized GPR139 receptor. In addition, oxytocin was found to be a positive allosteric modulator of KOR, and
Κ-opioid_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
different neuropeptides and hormones. ADRB-1 receptors can play a role in modulating the release of neuropeptides like vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Beta-1_adrenergic_receptor
Transmembrane protein allowing sodium ions in and out
response to the binding of a ligand to it. Leak sodium channels additionally contribute to action potential regulation by modulating the resting potential (and
Sodium_channel
Lyase enzyme that synthesizes cGMP from GTP
activated by low intracellular calcium levels and inhibited by high intracellular calcium levels. In response to calcium levels, guanylate cyclase synthesizes
Guanylate_cyclase
Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling
to the ligand. New structures complemented with biochemical investigations uncovered mechanisms of action of molecular switches which modulate the structure
G_protein-coupled_receptor
Family of transport proteins
are still considered voltage-dependent channels. Calcium, calmodulin, and phosphorylation modulate the opening of CNG channels. The main role of CNG
Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channel
Cyclic_nucleotide–gated_ion_channel
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ethanol
mechanisms remains an area of research, but ethanol has been shown to affect ligand-gated ion channels, particularly the GABAA receptor. After oral ingestion
Pharmacology_of_ethanol
Mammalian protein found in humans
expression by cell type. The CB1 receptor can also be allosterically modulated by synthetic ligands in a positive and negative manner. In vivo exposure to tetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabinoid_receptor_1
Chemical compound
compounds can modulate the pentylenetetrazol discriminative stimulus, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, NMDA, glycine, and L-type calcium channel ligands. Pentylenetetrazol
Pentylenetetrazol
Protein found in humans
are able to open calcium channels that are coupled to the transporter, resulting in a calcium influx in dopamine neurons. This calcium influx is believed
Dopamine_transporter
Protein helix–loop–helix motif
Glu or Asp at position 12 provides two oxygens for liganding calcium (bidentate ligand). The calcium ion is bound by both protein backbone atoms and by
EF_hand
Receptor activated by peptide hormone GLP-1
N-terminus contains key regions involved in ligand recognition and binding. It undergoes conformational changes upon ligand binding, leading to activation of intracellular
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
Glucagon-like_peptide-1_receptor
Class of medication used to treat high blood pressure
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine that are used as L-type calcium channel blockers. They are used in the
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
Dihydropyridine_calcium_channel_blockers
Transmembrane protein family
Danish School of Pharmacy in Copenhagen. The GRIA2-encoded AMPA receptor ligand binding core (GluA2 LBD) was the first glutamate receptor ion channel domain
AMPA_receptor
Protein found in humans
throughout many points during the cell cycle. Upon binding to targeted calcium (acts as ligand), calmodulin undergoes a change in shape that allows it to interact
Calmodulin_1
Drug for chronic pain
"Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action of HSK16149, a Selective Ligand of α2δ Subunit of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel with Analgesic Activity in Animal Models of
Crisugabalin
Pore-forming membrane protein
spiders, scorpions, snakes, fish, bees, sea snails, and others) work by modulating ion channel conductance and/or kinetics. In addition, ion channels are
Ion_channel
Biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent
to calcium ions. Calcium ions flow through the presynaptic membrane, rapidly increasing the calcium concentration in the interior. The high calcium concentration
Chemical_synapse
Family of transport proteins
to a depolarization or increase in calcium levels. Structurally, BK channels are homologous to voltage- and ligand-gated potassium channels, having a
BK_channel
regulatory element antagonist modulator/potassium channel interacting protein), KCNIP4 Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal calcium sensor proteins: generating
Neuronal_calcium_sensor
Human protein for regulating body temperature
the increase in cytosolic calcium cations leads to synthesis of prostaglandins. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin modulates neutrophil immune response
TRPV1
Protein subfamily of calcium-activated potassium channels
pharmacological techniques have been used to adjust SK affinity for calcium ions, thereby modulating the excitability of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.
SK_channel
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
sigma-2 receptors and their associated ligands results in modulation of action potential firing by regulation of calcium channels and potassium channels. They
Sigma-2_receptor
Class of receptor proteins that bind histamine
protein–coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand. Histamine is a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes
Histamine_receptor
Self-labeling protein tag
synthetic ligand. The bacterial enzyme can be fused to various proteins of interest. The synthetic ligand is chosen from a number of available ligands in accordance
HaloTag
Investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs
positive allosteric modulator [28] Imagabalin (PD-0332334; PD-332334; PF-00195889) – α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligand [29] Naluzotan
List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs
List_of_investigational_generalized_anxiety_disorder_drugs
Investigational fibromyalgia drugs
Pregabalin ER) – gabapentinoid (α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligand) [2] Celecoxib/famciclovir (famciclovir/celecoxib; IMC-1) – combination
List of investigational fibromyalgia drugs
List_of_investigational_fibromyalgia_drugs
Chemical compound
effects. Kavain exhibits anticonvulsant properties by modulating voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels, and it may influence mood and anxiety through
Kavain
Type of protein
functions such as modulating the actions of excitatory and inhibitory ion channels or triggering a signalling cascade that releases calcium from stores inside
Neurotransmitter_receptor
Medication against high blood pressure
Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, coronary artery
Amlodipine
Class of transport proteins
sense temperature stimuli that is tied to ligand regulatory processes. Although most TRP channels are modulated by changes in temperature, some have a crucial
Transient receptor potential channel
Transient_receptor_potential_channel
Pharmaceutical compound
is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenylmorpholine (phenmetrazine) and cyclized phenethylamine groups. It is a ligand of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
2C-B-morpholine
Type of drug
reasons, or endogenous ligands. The α-adrenergic antagonists have different effects from the β-adrenergic antagonists. Adrenergic ligands are endogenous proteins
Adrenergic_antagonist
Mammalian protein found in humans
has a crucial role in modulating T-cell immune function as a checkpoint protein at the immunological synapse. CD80 is the ligand for the proteins CD28
CD80
Investigational insomnia drugs
receptor modulators) (e.g., cannabis, dronabinol/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD)) Gabapentinoids (α2δ voltage-gated calcium channel ligands) (e
List of investigational insomnia drugs
List_of_investigational_insomnia_drugs
Cytokine receptor
with their specific chemokine ligands, chemokine receptors trigger a flux in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) ions (calcium signaling). This causes cell responses
Chemokine_receptor
Transmembrane receptors involved in cellular adhesion and signalling
that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular
Integrin
Chemical compound
acid (ACA) is a modulator of various ion channels in the heart. ACA is an effective reversible inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride channels
N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), TNF-related activation-induced
RANKL
Investigational tinnitus drugs
allosteric modulators) (e.g., alprazolam, clonazepam) Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone) Gabapentinoids (α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel
List of investigational tinnitus drugs
List_of_investigational_tinnitus_drugs
Main receptor for most antipsychotic drugs
activity. In mice, regulation of D2R surface expression by the neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) in the dentate gyrus is involved in exploration, synaptic
Dopamine_receptor_D2
Class of ionotropic glutamate receptors
kainate receptors have been implicated in inhibitory neurotransmission by modulating release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA through a presynaptic
Kainate_receptor
Type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks a biological response
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than
Receptor_antagonist
Chemical compound
subtypes, with LAT-1 being expressed in the pharynx of C. elegans (thereby modulating pharyngeal pumping) and LAT-2 having a role in locomotion. In addition
Emodepside
Biological system of neurotransmitters
voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels, which can be directly affected by cannabinoids. More specifically, cannabinoids reduce calcium influx by blocking
Endocannabinoid_system
Protein found in humans
multitarget ligand, since it can also interact with other TAAR subtypes (particularly TAAR5), α2A- and β-adrenergic receptors, TRM8 calcium channels, and
TAAR1
Primary cell of the nervous system
pore. NMDA receptors do not function without both ligands present. Metabotropic receptors, GPCRs modulate synaptic transmission and postsynaptic excitability
Neuron
Chemical which binds to and activates a biochemical receptor
that broaden the conventional definition of pharmacology demonstrate that ligands can concurrently behave as agonist and antagonists at the same receptor
Agonist
Protein and coding gene in humans
pancreatic beta cells and are critical regulators of glucose homoestasis by modulating insulin secretion. In general, they cause smooth muscle contraction and
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M3
Combination drug
Xywav (calcium oxybate/magnesium oxybate/potassium oxybate/sodium oxybate) is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat cataplexy or excessive
Xywav
Chemical compound
allosteric modulator of the AMPA, kainate, and glycine receptors, and may interact with the nACh receptors as well. In addition to its effects on ligand-gated
Pregnenolone_sulfate
Artificial biochemical receptors only responsive to predesigned drugs
A receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand (RASSL) or designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD), is a class of artificially
Receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand
Receptor_activated_solely_by_a_synthetic_ligand
G-protein coupled receptor
PMID 33911284. Colombo G. Positive allosteric modulators of the GABAB receptor: a new class of ligands with therapeutic potential for alcohol use disorder
GABAB_receptor
Electrical signal inhibiting a neuron from firing
permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to chloride ions by binding to ligand-gated chloride ion channels and causing them to open, then chloride ions
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential
VX-993 – selective Nav1.8 blocker HSK16149 – selective ligand of α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channel Capsaicin (Adlea, ALGRX-4975, CNTX-4975, VLNX-4975)
List of investigational analgesics
List_of_investigational_analgesics
Neuron membrane protein
glutamate is a ligand for ligand-gated ion channels, the binding of this neurotransmitter will open gates and increase sodium and calcium conductance. These
Glutamate_receptor
Subclass of purinergic P2 receptors
intracellular C-terminus. The extracellular regions interact with the receptor ligands, while the intracellular regions activate the G protein, control receptor
P2Y_receptor
Molecule-specific coordinate bonding area in biological systems
The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction)
Binding_site
Chemical compound
Carboxyamidotriazole is a calcium channel blocker that blocks voltage-gated and ligand-gated calcium channels and has been investigated as an anti-cancer
Carboxyamidotriazole
Chemical compound
increasing the force of cardiac contraction, such as through calcium conduction or modulating adrenoreceptors. But these are limited by adverse events, including
Omecamtiv_mecarbil
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
between RAGE and its ligands is thought to result in pro-inflammatory gene activation. Due to an enhanced level of RAGE ligands in diabetes or other chronic
RAGE_(receptor)
Class of transport proteins
experimental evidence has indicated that Ca2+ may also play a pivotal role in modulating proton affinity of ASIC gating both within the pore and on the extracellular
Acid-sensing_ion_channel
Group of biological receptors
are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands. The endogenous opioids are dynorphins, enkephalins, endorphins, endomorphins
Opioid_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
characterized by a canonical seven-transmembrane (TM) helical domain, with a ligand-binding pocket located extracellularly and a cytoplasmic G-protein interaction
Dopamine_receptor_D1
Class of transport proteins
arginines, are highly conserved in all voltage-gated potassium, sodium, or calcium channels. However, the extent of their movement and their displacement
Voltage-gated potassium channel
Voltage-gated_potassium_channel
Protein-coding gene in humans
voltage-gated calcium channel activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adrenergic receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled
OR56A4
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CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
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CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
CALCIUM MODULATING-LIGAND
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