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Type of protein
A neurotransmitter receptor (also known as a neuroreceptor) is a membrane receptor protein that is activated by a neurotransmitter. Chemicals on the outside
Neurotransmitter_receptor
Chemical substance that enables neurotransmission
channel Synaptic vesicle Neurotransmitter transporter Receptor Neurotransmitter Axon terminal Synaptic cleft Dendrite A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule
Neurotransmitter
Biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent
molecules then bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic cell. Finally, to terminate its action, the neurotransmitter is cleared from the cleft
Chemical_synapse
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
The function of such receptors located at synapses is to convert the chemical signal of presynaptically released neurotransmitter directly and very quickly
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Anion of glutamic acid in its role as a neurotransmitter
serves as the primary neurotransmitter for some localized brain regions, such as cerebellum granule cells. Biochemical receptors for glutamate fall into
Glutamate_(neurotransmitter)
Protein molecule receiving signals for a cell
inhibitory neurotransmitter, inhibits electrical activity of neurons by binding to GABAA receptors. There are three main ways the action of the receptor can
Receptor_(biochemistry)
Overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system
density Voltage- gated Ca++ channel Synaptic vesicle Neurotransmitter transporter Receptor Neurotransmitter Axon terminal Synaptic cleft Dendrite Synapses are
Outline of the human nervous system
Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
Serotonin receptor protein distributed in the cerebrum and raphe nucleus
1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A
5-HT1A_receptor
Class of ionotropic glutamate receptors
Kainate receptors, or kainic acid receptors (KARs), are ionotropic receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate. They were first identified
Kainate_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
drug nemonapride. As with other dopamine receptor subtypes, the D4 receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter dopamine. It is linked to many neurological
Dopamine_receptor_D4
Neuron membrane protein
linked to glutamate receptor gene mutations or receptor autoantigen/antibody activity. Glutamate is the most prominent neurotransmitter in the body, and
Glutamate_receptor
Monoamine that acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator
Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain
Monoamine_neurotransmitter
Class of receptor proteins that bind histamine
histamine receptors are a class of G protein–coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand. Histamine is a neurotransmitter involved
Histamine_receptor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
the 5-HT2 receptor family that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2B receptor is Gq/G11-protein
5-HT2B_receptor
Subtype of serotonin receptor
5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
5-HT2A_receptor
Transmembrane protein family
acid receptor (AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is a nonselective ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) that mediates fast
AMPA_receptor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
synthesis and release. The H3 receptor has also been shown to presynaptically inhibit the release of a number of other neurotransmitters (i.e. it acts as an inhibitory
Histamine_H3_receptor
Serotonin receptor protein distributed mainly in the choroid plexus
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Like all 5-HT2
5-HT2C_receptor
Nerve fiber part
the neurotransmitter is released and diffuses across the synaptic cleft. If the postsynaptic cell (B) is also a neuron, neurotransmitter receptors generate
Axon_terminal
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The 5-HT7 receptor is a member of the GPCR superfamily of cell surface receptors and is activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine
5-HT7_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
receptor (β1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, can refer to either the protein-encoding gene (gene ADRB1) or one of the four adrenergic receptors.
Beta-1_adrenergic_receptor
Protein found in humans
The 5HT6 receptor is a subtype of 5HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT). It is a G protein-coupled
5-HT6_receptor
Class of neurotransmitter modulators
the activity of the GABAA receptor protein in the vertebrate central nervous system. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator
Glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR) is a glutamate receptor and a predominantly Ca2+ ion channel found in neurons. The NMDA receptor is
NMDA_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated
OR10H2
Main receptor for most antipsychotic drugs
Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene. After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested
Dopamine_receptor_D2
Receptors that respond to gamma-aminobutyric acid
The GABA receptors are a class of receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory compound in the
GABA_receptor
Subtype of Dopamine Receptor
Dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) is a protein belonging to the dopamine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors. In humans, it is encoded by the DRD3
Dopamine_receptor_D3
Protein-coding gene in humans
Dopamine receptor D1, also known as DRD1, is one of the two types of D1-like receptor family—receptors D1 and D5. It is a protein that in humans is encoded
Dopamine_receptor_D1
American molecular neuroscientist
characterized the first auxiliary subunits for mammalian glutamate neurotransmitter receptor. Bredt and Nicoll determined that a then recently discovered protein
David_S._Bredt
Ionotropic serotonin receptor
channels, the 5-HT3 receptor consists of five subunits arranged around a central ion conducting pore. Binding of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine
5-HT3_receptor
Widely distributed inhibitory receptor in the central nervous system
The glycine receptor (abbreviated as GlyR or GLR) is the receptor of the amino acid neurotransmitter glycine. GlyR is an ionotropic receptor that produces
Glycine_receptor
Branch of neuroscience
brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter and glutamate is the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter. GABAA and GABAC receptors are known to be ionotropic
Molecular_neuroscience
Class of ligand activated receptors localized in surface of plama cell membrane
may be hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, or nutrients; they react with the receptor to induce changes
Cell_surface_receptor
Neurotransmission-modulating substance
serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors. Serotonergic psychedelics such as
Serotonin_receptor_agonist
Impulse transmission between neurons
molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites
Neurotransmission
Class of G protein-coupled receptors
(dopamine receptor-interacting proteins) interactions. The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous ligand for dopamine receptors. Dopamine
Dopamine_receptor
Type of receptor located in the membranes of nerve cells
Canonically, a presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter across a synaptic cleft to be detected by the receptors on a postsynaptic neuron. Autoreceptors
Autoreceptor
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of muscarine
Muscarinic receptors are used in the following roles: ACh is always used as the neurotransmitter within the autonomic ganglion. Nicotinic receptors on the
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Histamine receptor
The H1 receptor is a histamine receptor belonging to the family of rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors. This receptor is activated by the biogenic
Histamine_H1_receptor
Protein and coding gene in humans
acetylcholine receptor, also known as cholinergic/acetylcholine receptor M3, or the muscarinic 3, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor encoded by the
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M3
Primary cell of the nervous system
releasing a neurotransmitter that binds to chemical receptors. The effect on the postsynaptic neuron is determined by the type of receptor that is activated
Neuron
release or action of an endogenous neurotransmitter but has no specific agonist activity at the neurotransmitter receptor itself. Indirect agonists work through
Indirect_agonist
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and neurotransmitter receptors: somatostatin receptor 5, dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2), melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), and serotonin receptor type
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor
Growth_hormone_secretagogue_receptor
Class of G protein-coupled receptors
noradrenaline), his receptor nomenclature and concept of two different types of detector mechanisms for a single neurotransmitter, remains. In 1954, he
Adrenergic_receptor
German academic
work at Duke was centered around the trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors notably the AMPA receptor. Ehler was born in Germany and raised in rural Nebraska
Michael_Ehlers
Integral membrane protein
protein that responds to the binding of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine receptors play varying roles in the central nervous system (CNS)
Acetylcholine_receptor
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of nicotine
acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Mammalian protein found in humans
modulates neurotransmitter release when activated in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The CB1 receptor is activated
Cannabinoid_receptor_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
peptide cleavage products, as well as the important glutamate neurotransmitter receptor subunit GRIA1. SORL1 binds these and other cargo proteins and
Sortilin-related_receptor
Group of biological receptors
of these receptors on suppressor-cells releasing these neurotransmitters . The opioid receptors are ~40% identical to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs).
Opioid_receptor
Drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors
their primary neurochemical, neurotransmitter receptors can be sensitive to a variety of other molecules. Acetylcholine receptors are classified into two groups
Muscarinic_antagonist
G-protein coupled receptor
which reduces neurotransmitter release.[citation needed] Thus GABAB receptors are usually considered as inhibitory receptors. GABAB receptors can also function
GABAB_receptor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
H2 receptors are a type of histamine receptor found in many parts of the anatomy of humans and other animals. They are positively coupled to adenylate
Histamine_H2_receptor
Class of transmembrane proteins
hence "5-HT") receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand. The serotonin receptors modulate the release
5-HT_receptor
Process in neuroscience
on the ion channels gated or modulated by the neurotransmitter receptor. Excitatory neurotransmitters produce depolarization of the postsynaptic cell
Summation_(neurophysiology)
Protein-coding gene in humans
proteins bind syntaxin, part of the SNAP receptor. The protein product of this gene binds to the SNAP receptor complex and disrupts it, allowing transmitter
CPLX1
Antidepressant medication
May 2018. Owens MJ, Morgan WN, Plott SJ, Nemeroff CB (1997). "Neurotransmitter receptor and transporter binding profile of antidepressants and their metabolites"
Trazodone
Chemical substance that alters brain function
antagonists for a particular neurotransmitter can increase the number of receptors for that neurotransmitter or the receptors themselves may become more
Psychoactive_drug
Organic chemical and neurotransmitter
the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Its name is derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of
Acetylcholine
GHB receptor coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor (GHBR), originally identified as GPR172A, is an excitatory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds the neurotransmitter and psychoactive
GHB_receptor
Potential after receptor activation
by opening voltage-gated ion channels. A receptor potential can also cause the release of neurotransmitters from one cell that will act on another cell
Receptor_potential
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
direct and indirect binding partners include neuroligin, NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors, and potassium channels. It plays an important role in synaptic
DLG4
Chemical compound
directly act on several neurotransmitter receptors, including acting as a positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor, as a negative allosteric
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Receptor protein found in humans
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that in humans is encoded
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M2
Type of synapse
synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters bind to a variety of receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane. In response to neurotransmitter binding, these postsynaptic
Excitatory_synapse
System of signaling molecules within a cell
often hormones or neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, growth hormone, and serotonin. Because peptide hormones and neurotransmitters typically are biochemically
Second_messenger_system
Genes on human chromosome 3
The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin. In humans, the oxytocin
Oxytocin_receptor
Subtype of palinopsia
complex to pinpoint the visual disturbances to a single neurotransmitter or neurotransmitter receptor. The generation of illusory palinopsia is often dependent
Illusory_palinopsia
Topics referred to by the same term
informative nerve impulse Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a neurotransmitter, or other substance
Receptor
Cell surface receptor found in humans
A1 receptor (A1AR) is one member of the adenosine receptor group of G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as endogenous ligand. A1 receptors are
Adenosine_A1_receptor
Dissociative hallucinogenic drug, mostly used recreationally
opioid receptors (endorphin and enkephalin) to produce analgesia. A binding study assessed PCP at 56 sites including neurotransmitter receptors and transporters
Phencyclidine
Transmembrane protein
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily
5-HT2_receptor
Class of CNS depressant drugs
depressants that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing)
Benzodiazepine
Psychedelic drug
J, et al. (July 2014). "Mefloquine and psychotomimetics share neurotransmitter receptor and transporter interactions in vitro". Psychopharmacology. 231
Dimethyltryptamine
Protein-coding gene in humans
D1-like receptor family along with the D1 receptor subtype. D5 receptor is a subtype of the dopamine receptor that has a 10-fold higher affinity for dopamine
Dopamine_receptor_D5
Return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission
the drug itself. The availability of various neurotransmitter receptors, such as the dopamine receptor D2, and changes in the medial prefrontal cortex
Relapse
Field of study
interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins
Neuropharmacology
Type of protein
that anchors inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic cytoskeleton via high affinity binding to a receptor subunit domain and tubulin
Gephyrin
Medication used to treat anxiety disorders
1990). "Analysis of tandospirone (SM-3997) interactions with neurotransmitter receptor binding sites". Biological Psychiatry. 28 (2): 99–109. doi:10
Buspirone
Mammalian protein found in humans
beta-adrenergic receptor that binds epinephrine (adrenaline), a hormone and neurotransmitter whose signaling, via adenylate cyclase stimulation through trimeric
Beta-2_adrenergic_receptor
Branch of neuroscience
presynaptic release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across a synaptic cleft to bind with postsynaptic receptors. A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger
Cellular_neuroscience
SSRI antidepressant
Owens MJ, Morgan WN, Plott SJ, Nemeroff CB (December 1997). "Neurotransmitter receptor and transporter binding profile of antidepressants and their metabolites"
Sertraline
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
underlie depression. As of 2012, efforts to determine differences in neurotransmitter receptor expression or for function in the brains of people with MDD using
Biology_of_depression
Type of medication
A neurotransmitter prodrug, or neurotransmitter precursor, is a drug that acts as a prodrug of a neurotransmitter. A variety of neurotransmitter prodrugs
Neurotransmitter_prodrug
Mammalian protein found in humans
major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor_5
Class of drugs
for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, only nefiracetam demonstrates nanomolar interactions with neurotransmitter receptors. Modification of membrane-located
Racetam
Protein-coding gene
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M4
Topics referred to by the same term
3-Nitrooxypropanol, an enzyme inhibitor Nociceptin receptor, a neurotransmitter receptor in the opioid receptor family Croatian Partisans (Narodnooslobodilački
NOP
corresponding neurotransmitter receptors. For example, monoamine releasing agents, such as amphetamines, produce cytosolic neurotransmitter efflux (i.e
Reverse_transport
Peptides released by neurons as intercellular messengers
cell. Compared to classical neurotransmitter signaling, neuropeptide signaling is more sensitive. Neuropeptide receptor affinity is in the nanomolar
Neuropeptide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein encoded by this gene is a member of the syntaxin family of cellular receptors for transport vesicles which participate in exocytosis in neutrophils
Syntaxin_3
Ability of a synapse to strengthen or weaken over time according to its activity
Plastic change often results from the alteration of the number of neurotransmitter receptors located on a synapse. There are several underlying mechanisms
Synaptic_plasticity
Layout of proteins anchoring neurotransmitter receptors
the presynaptic active zone and ensures that receptors are in close proximity to presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites. PSDs vary in size and composition
Postsynaptic_density
Class of antidepressant medication
tolerated than TCAs. TCAs have comprehensive effects on various neurotransmitters receptors, which leads to lack of tolerability and increased risk of toxicity
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor
Membrane potential at which ionic current reverses
neurotransmitter receptors including glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and kainate), nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh), and serotonin (5-HT3) receptors are
Reversal_potential
Conversion of sensory stimuli
potential by a sensory receptor. It begins when stimulus changes the membrane potential of a sensory receptor. A sensory receptor converts the energy in
Transduction_(physiology)
Drug class
selectivity or biased agonism. Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists are frequently analogues of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and include tryptamines, phenethylamines
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist
Serotonin_5-HT2A_receptor_agonist
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
degeneration of neurons, leading to a loss of synaptic connections and neurotransmitter signaling. Clinically, low expression of VPS35 in the brain is a risk
VPS35
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