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The Cairo Codex is a fifth-century manuscript discovered in 1907 that contained the first significant fragments of plays by the ancient Greek playwright
Cairo_Codex
Hebrew codex of the Prophets ascribed to masorete Ben-Asher
The Codex Cairensis (also: Codex Prophetarum Cairensis, Cairo Codex of the Prophets) is a Hebrew manuscript containing the complete text of the Hebrew
Codex_Cairensis
11th-century Hebrew Bible manuscript
it was made in Cairo in AD 1008 (or possibly 1009). Some have proposed that the Leningrad Codex was corrected against the Aleppo Codex, a slightly earlier
Leningrad_Codex
Collection of Gnostic and Christian texts
origin. Meanwhile, a single codex had been sold in Cairo to a Belgian antiques dealer. After an attempt was made to sell the codex in both New York City and
Nag_Hammadi_library
10th-century Hebrew Bible manuscript
Egypt, leading to the codex being transferred there. It was preserved by the Karaites, then at the Rabbanite synagogue in Old Cairo, where it was consulted
Aleppo_Codex
Comic play by Menander
the play, were found in 1907, alongside Perikeiromene and Samia in the Cairo Codex. Additional fragments of the play have been found since its initial discovery
Epitrepontes
Comic play by Menander
being two suggested dates. The surviving text of Samia comes from the Cairo Codex found in 1907 and the Bodmer Papyri from 1952. Samia takes place in a
Samia_(play)
American academic and author
award for The Cairo Codex 2013 – The Nautilus Silver Award for The Cairo Codex 2013 – Best Books of America finalist for The Cairo Codex 2023 – Woman Icon
Linda_Lambert
Ancient Coptic manuscript
5th century CE, unearthed in Akhmim, Egypt. In Cairo, in January 1896, Carl Reinhardt bought the codex, which had been recently discovered, wrapped in
Berlin_Codex
5th-century Manichaean manuscript
Mani, the founder of the religion Manichaeism. The codex became known via antique dealers in Cairo. It consisted of four deteriorated lumps of vellum
Cologne_Mani-Codex
Jewish scribe who refined the Tiberian system of writing vowel sounds in Hebrew
their names. His father, Moses ben Asher, is credited with writing the Cairo Codex of the Prophets (895 CE). If authentic, it is among the oldest manuscripts
Aaron_ben_Moses_ben_Asher
Athenian comic playwright (c. 342/341 – c. 290 BC)
This situation changed abruptly in 1907, with the discovery of the Cairo Codex, which contained large parts of the Samia, the Perikeiromene, and the
Menander
644–656 CE), leading the Quran as it exists today to be known as the Uthmanic codex. Some Shia Muslims believe that the fourth caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib was
History_of_the_Quran
Genre of ancient Greek literature
Menander, discovered on a papyrus, and first published in 1958. The Cairo Codex (found in 1907) also preserves long sections of plays including Epitrepontes
Ancient_Greek_comedy
Early Christian text
discovered in 1896 in a fifth-century papyrus codex written in Sahidic Coptic. This Berlin Codex was purchased in Cairo by German diplomat Carl Reinhardt. Additional
Gospel_of_Mary
Jerusalem Archived 2017-05-17 at the Wayback Machine "The Mystery of the Cairo Codex: On the Trail of an Ancient Manuscript". Moment Magazine. April 26, 2024
Historic_synagogues
Jehovah's Witnesses Bible translation
Vulgate, the Masoretic Text, the Cairo Codex, the Aleppo Codex, Christian David Ginsburg's Hebrew Text, and the Leningrad Codex. Diagrammatic representation
New_World_Translation
Main research and legal deposit library of the University of Cambridge
Hebrew and Arabic, from the Ben Ezra synagogue in Cairo. Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, an important codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century
Cambridge_University_Library
German-American papyrologist (1931–2023)
Philologie 56). Hain, Meisenheim am Glan 1977, ISBN 3-445-01255-5. The Cairo Codex of Menander (P. Cair. J. 43227). University of London, Institute of Classical
Ludwig_Koenen
Anthology of ancient Arabic poems
ʿU. Dag̲h̲istānī (Cairo 1324/1906).; complete text, with short glosses from al-Anbari's commentary; based generally on the Cairo codex (See above), with
Mufaddaliyat
Printed edition of the Tanakh printed in Jerusalem in 2001
it has fewer spelling errors than either the Leningrad Codex or the Cairo Codex. It has long been known that there are nine spelling differences (insignificant
Jerusalem_Crown
Coptic papyrus codex
Museum received the codex. Currently the manuscript is housed at the Department of manuscripts of the Coptic Museum (Inv. 10544) in Cairo. Coptic manuscripts
Nag_Hammadi_Codex_II
New Testament manuscript
Cairo for John Pierpont Morgan. A few leaves from Uncial 070, formerly designated by Ta, were wrongly listed by Tregelles as a part of the same codex
Codex_Borgianus
Early Quranic palimpsest
Puin contends that the primary codex was scraped off and re-written, in some cases, and in other cases the entire codex was erased by soaking the sheets
Sanaa_manuscript
2nd-century Gnostic gospel
papyrus codex, written in the Sahidic dialect of the Coptic language. The farmer sold the document in 1978 to an antiquities dealer in Cairo who went
Gospel_of_Judas
Uzbek Quran manuscript (dated 765–855)
The Samarkand Kufic Quran (also known as the Mushaf Uthmani, Samarkand codex, Tashkent Quran and Quran of Uthman) is a Quranic manuscript, or mushaf.
Samarkand_Kufic_Quran
writing; written in Tiberias, subsequently was in Cairo, now deposited at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Codex Sassoon 1053, 9th or 10th century, from the
List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
List_of_Hebrew_Bible_manuscripts
Gnostic gospel
it was discovered in an ancient Coptic Berlin Codex (BG 8502) acquired by Dr. Carl Reinhardt in Cairo in 1896. However, it would not be until the middle
Apocryphon_of_John
Early Hijazi-script Quran manuscript
The Codex Parisino-Petropolitanus (CPP) is an early Quran manuscript. Its largest part is held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, as BnF
Codex_Parisino-petropolitanus
Greek Orthodox monastery in Sinai
of Muhammad Caucasian Albanian script Charnel House Codex Climaci Rescriptus Codex Sinaiticus Codex Sinaiticus Rescriptus Cyril of Jerusalem Desert Fathers
Saint_Catherine's_Monastery
Christian Gnostic text
is a Gnostic text that was first discovered in the Berlin Codex (a Codex purchased in Cairo in 1896 and given to the Berlin Museum which also contains
Sophia_of_Jesus_Christ
Documentary texts in Islamic studies
the reign of the third caliph Uthman (r. 644–656 CE) so that the standard codex edition of the Quran or Muṣḥaf was completed around 650 CE, according to
Early_Quranic_manuscripts
Ancient Greek poet
Handbook of Papyrology, Oxford, 59–78. Koenen, Ludwig, et al. 1978. The Cairo Codex of Menander. London. Kovelman, Arkady B. 1991. “From Logos to Myth: Egyptian
Dioscorus_of_Aphrodito
German Coptologist (1868-1938)
1868, in Hagenow, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 17 April 1938, in Cairo) was a German Coptologist. He made editions of various Coptic texts, and
Carl_Schmidt_(Coptologist)
New Testament manuscript
Codex Washingtonianus, Codex Washingtonensis, Codex Freerianus, also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, The Freer Gospel and The Freer Codex
Codex_Washingtonianus
Textbook on Roman private law (c. 161 CE)
in Cairo in the same year (PSI XI, 1182); the seller claimed that the fragment stemmed from Antinoöpolis. A comparison of the fragment with the Codex Veronensis
Institutes_(Gaius)
began graduate study with James M. Robinson, who took Emmel with him to Cairo, Egypt, in 1974 as a research assistant in the international project to
Stephen_Emmel
Collection of ancient manuscripts from 200 AD until the 6th century
The manuscripts were covertly assembled by a Cypriote, Phokio Tano of Cairo, then smuggled to Switzerland, where they were bought by Martin Bodmer (1899–1971)
Dishna_Papers
14th-century Hebrew Bible codex
Al-Ousta Codex, also known under its library classification BnF 1314-1315, is a 14th-century illuminated Bible codex (2 volumes) containing the 24 canonical
Al-Ousta_Codex
114th and final chapter of the Qur'an
Quran Topkapı manuscript Codices Uthmanic codex Codex of Ibn Mas'ud Codex of Ubayy ibn Ka'b Codex of Ali Codex of Aisha Divisions Surah List Meccan Medinan
Al-Nas
Babylonian legal text
(2006). "Der "König der Gerechtigkeit": Zur Ikonologie und Teleologie des 'Codex' Ḫammurapi" (PDF). Baghdader Mitteilungen. 37: 131–155. Archived (PDF) from
Code_of_Hammurabi
Hebrew manuscript from the 700s CE
from the Afghan Geniza in Bamyan, Afghanistan. It is the oldest Hebrew codex ever discovered, and contains Hebrew liturgical texts, including prayers
Afghan_Liturgical_Quire
Greek translation of Hebrew scriptures
postdate the Hexaplar recension, and include the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus and the 5th-century Codex Alexandrinus. These are the oldest surviving nearly complete
Septuagint
Fourth Islamic caliphate (909–1171)
siècle. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. Williams, Caroline (2018). Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide (7th ed.). Cairo: The
Fatimid_Caliphate
German theologian and biblical scholar (1815–1874)
and most complete Bible dated to around the mid-4th century and called Codex Sinaiticus after Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai. Tischendorf
Constantin_von_Tischendorf
7th-century manuscript of Origen's Hexapla
Taylor in his work Hebrew-Greek Cairo Genizah Palimpsests, Cambridge, 1900, pp. 54–65. This is palimpsest in codex form written on parchment. It contains
Taylor-Schechter_12.182
Writing material made from a reed-like plant
with parchment.[citation needed] Early Christian writers soon adopted the codex form, and in the Greco-Roman world, it became common to cut sheets from
Papyrus
Extra-canonical sayings gospel
second of seven contained in what scholars have designated as Nag Hammadi Codex II. It comprises 114 sayings attributed to Jesus. Roughly half of these
Gospel_of_Thomas
Gnostic mystical word with many meanings
bowls from Mesopotamia; Judeo-Arabic and Hebrew magical texts from the Cairo Genizah; the Hebrew Sefer HaRazim which has been reconstructed from the
Abraxas
Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (c.594-c.653)
Codex Mashhad is an early Qur'an manuscript which has been identified as originally using the surah order reported by early sources from the codex of
Abd_Allah_ibn_Mas'ud
Australian orientalist (1892–1959)
professor of Semitic languages from 1921 at the School of Oriental Studies in Cairo, and from 1938 until his death jointly at Columbia University and Union
Arthur_Jeffery
Gnostic writing
reproduction of Codex VIII was published and available to the public. The manuscript is held in the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo. The section of Codex VIII with
Letter_of_Peter_to_Philip
New Testament manuscript
Codex Climaci Rescriptus is a collective palimpsest manuscript consisting of several individual manuscripts underneath, Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Codex_Climaci_Rescriptus
manuscripts of the Coptic Museum (Inv. 10545) in Cairo. Coptic manuscripts British Library Or 4926 Nag Hammadi Codex II Greek manuscripts Papyrus Oxyrhynchus
Nag_Hammadi_Codex_XIII
Manuscript
of Graz, purchased the codex directly from Mielich. This transaction, positioning Mielich as the intermediary between the Cairo art market and academia
Khanmeti_Lectionary
Parable told by the prophet Nathan to King David
The first part of the story (2 Samuel 12:1–4) in the Leningrad Codex (Cairo, 1008 CE). The phrase "Nathan to David" (Nāṯān ’el-Dāwiḏ) is visible at the
Nathan's_parable
his codex, Ali may have arranged the verses in the order by which they were revealed to Muhammad, though this claim has been challenged. The codex of Ali
Canonization of Islamic scripture
Canonization_of_Islamic_scripture
Muslim theologian of Quran (728–812)
of ʿAjamī writing systems across the Sahel and West Africa. He died in Cairo in 197 AH / 813 CE and was reburied in November 2025 behind the dome of
Warsh
Removal of organs from the gastrointestinal tract
(2005). divine creatures: animal mummies in ancient egypt. American Univ in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-424-858-0. * Potts, James (1784). The Hibernian Magazine
Disembowelment
Collection of ancient manuscripts
Codex Sinaiticus Rescriptus, mostly originating in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai, is a collection of nineteen Christian Palestinian Aramaic palimpsest
Codex_Sinaiticus_Rescriptus
Persian religion founded in the 3rd century AD
texts.[citation needed] In Egypt, a small codex was found and became known through antique dealers in Cairo. It was purchased by the University of Cologne
Manichaeism
Jewish ethnic group
where it was redeemed by the Jewish community of Cairo. At the end of the 14th century the Codex was taken to Aleppo, Syria (called by the Jews Aram
Syrian_Jews
Levantine herb or herb blend
California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23674-5. Faculté de Médecine de Paris (1818). Codex medicamentarius: sive Pharmacopoea Gallica jussu regis optimi et ex mandato
Za'atar
This manuscript came from Cairo, and in 1964, it was published by C. Bradford Weller. The manuscript was in the form of a codex measuring 14 cm × 9.7 cm
P.Yale_1_inv._419
French archaeologist (1889–1961)
he could. Cairo antiquities dealer Phokion J. Tanos had acquired most of the collection from these outlaws, but had already sold one codex to Maria Dattari
Étienne_Drioton
Research library of the University of Oxford
Mexico (16th century) Codex Mendoza, Aztec codex containing a history of both the Aztec rulers and their conquest (16th century) Codex Selden precolumbian
Bodleian_Library
Hidden name of God in Judaism and occultism
name. The only one of these to survive in Jewish liturgy is Ana b'Koach. Cairo Geniza amulets (Oxford e.107:10, T-S K 1.127) contain the name א◌ׄנ◌ׄק◌ׄת◌ׄם◌ׄ
Shem_HaMephorash
Jewish cultural and religious symbol
religious context can be seen in the Leningrad Codex, a manuscript of the Hebrew Bible from 11th-century Cairo. Its association as a distinctive symbol for
Star_of_David
century. Codex Claromontanus 12 (h); contains the Gospels; dated to the 5th century. Codex Vindobonensis 17 (i), Gospels; 5th century. Codex Ambrosianus
Early translations of the New Testament
Early_translations_of_the_New_Testament
Cross associated with Coptic Christians
Illuminated early form of Coptic cross at the end of the 4th–5th century Coptic Codex Glazier 5th-century liturgical Coptic relief featuring the Coptic crux ansata
Coptic_cross
Rashidun caliph from 644 to 656
reign, known as the Uthmanic codex. This standardization established a uniform written text of the Quran, and the Uthmanic codex forms the basis of the Quran
Uthman
New Testament manuscript
the INTF to the 6th-century. It was found in Cairo in genizah. It was examined by C. Taylor. The codex now is located in the Cambridge University Library
Uncial_093
Twin British Syriacists, Arabists and writers
purchase of another unique palimpsest manuscript, the Codex Climaci Rescriptus, in Egypt (Cairo 1895; Port Tewfik 1906). The largest batch was from an
Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson
Agnes_Smith_Lewis_and_Margaret_Dunlop_Gibson
View seeing the Quran as sole source of faith
Quran Topkapı manuscript Codices Uthmanic codex Codex of Ibn Mas'ud Codex of Ubayy ibn Ka'b Codex of Ali Codex of Aisha Divisions Surah List Meccan Medinan
Quranism
16th Caliph of Cairo
holds fast to God') was the sixteenth and penultimate Abbasid caliph of Cairo under the tutelage of the Mamluk Sultanate. He reigned as caliph from 1497
Al-Mustamsik
Yazidi saint
Berlin codices, We 1743 and We 1769, and one British Museum codex (Or. 7596). The Berlin codex We 1743, the most important, was copied in 915 AH / 1509 CE
Sheikh_Adi_ibn_Musafir
Philosophical texts attributed to Hermes Trismegistus
Hermès Trismégiste. Paralipomènes: Grec, copte, arménien. Codex VI de Nag Hammadi - Codex Clarkianus 11 Oxoniensis - Définitions hermétiques - Divers
Hermetica
New Testament manuscript
Category IV. The text of this manuscript is related to Codex Bezae. The manuscript was purchased in Cairo in 1924. It is now in the University of Michigan (Inv
Papyrus_38
Romanian-British scholar
are currently housed at the British Library. An important early Hebrew codex called the First Gaster Bible was also acquired by the British Library from
Moses_Gaster
Practice of humans eating other humans
whole, "including their bones", and praised their particular tenderness. In Cairo, Egypt, the Arab physician Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi repeatedly saw "little
Human_cannibalism
This omission is supported by the Greek manuscripts: Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Codex Regius, f1, 700, and some early versions vg, syrs, copbo
Bible translations into Coptic
Bible_translations_into_Coptic
Style of Arabic script
Kufic inscription above Bab Al-Nasr Gate in Cairo Fatimid Kufic inscription on Bab Al-Futuh Gate in Cairo Fatimid Mihrab of Ibn Tulun Mosque Fatimid Kufic
Kufic
New Testament manuscript
Aland in 1963. Currently the codex is housed at the Egyptian Museum (no. 71942) in Cairo. The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category
Uncial_0242
Book of the New Testament
places them after verse 40 instead: Codex Claromontanus (D), Codex Sangermanensis (E), Codex Augiensis (F), Codex Boernerianus (G) and the original hand
First Epistle to the Corinthians
First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians
Series of novels by Philip Reeve
Adult Fiction for A Darkling Plain. A companion piece entitled The Traction Codex was released in 2011, and was expanded into The Illustrated World of Mortal
Mortal_Engines_Quartet
Gaon of the Palestinian Academy (died 1139)
valuable books and manuscripts, including, among others, the Leningrad Codex, a copy of Tractate Eruvin, and a copy of Rabbeinu Hananel's commentary
Masliah_ben_Solomon_ha-Cohen
Palestina Tertia was also known as Palaestina Salutaris. Recorded in the: Codex Theodosianus, published in 438, and containing previous laws, including
Timeline of the name Palestine
Timeline_of_the_name_Palestine
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol
Jubilees: Studies in Honor of David P. Silverman. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 227–247. ISBN 978-977-704-084-6. Hurtado, Larry W. (2006). The
Ankh
Writing material made from animal skins
red and peach." The Early medieval Codex Argenteus and Codex Vercellensis, the Stockholm Codex Aureus and the Codex Brixianus give a range of luxuriously
Parchment
Yemenite Jewish tradition of orthography in a Torah scroll
proofread by ben Asher survive in two extant codices (the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex), the latter said to have only been patterned after texts proofread
Torah_scroll_(Yemenite)
1st century BCE manuscript of the Septuagint
divisions with numbered paragraphs (5, 26, 27). 117 papyrus fragments of the codex have survived. This is "clearly a Jewish manuscript". The prefix Fouad commemorates
Papyrus_Fouad_266
Ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts
were Masoretic texts dating to the 10th century CE, such as the Aleppo Codex. Today, the oldest known extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from
Dead_Sea_Scrolls
Historical study of the Islamic prophet
tracking down a lost verse. This muṣḥaf – that became known as the "Uthmanic codex" – was finished around 650 CE, whereupon Uthman issued an order for all
Historicity_of_Muhammad
Rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Quran
Nelson, Kristina (2001). The Art of Reciting the Qur'an. Cairo; New York: American University in Cairo Press. Tajwid: The Art of Recitation of the Holy Qur'an
Tajwid
New Testament manuscript
for the Yale University Library. Textually it is close to the Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus. The text of the manuscript has been published several
Papyrus_49
German orientalist and scholar (1875–1964)
Praetorius [de]. Kahle worked as a Lutheran pastor. He studied Semitic philology in Cairo, between 1903 and 1909. In 1909, he acquired leather puppets near Damietta
Paul_E._Kahle
Collections of biblical Greek & Coptic Manuscripts
in Giza, not far from Cairo. Freer paid £1,600. Upon the next expedition to Egypt, Freer met with Ali and acquired a Coptic codex of the Psalms and the
Biblical Manuscripts in the Freer Collection
Biblical_Manuscripts_in_the_Freer_Collection
Gnostic Christian text (c. 200 CE)
reproduction of Codex VII was published and available to the public. The manuscript is held in the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo. The section of Codex VII with
Gnostic_Apocalypse_of_Peter
Hebrew religious text ascribed to Enoch
15:8–16:1). Other Greek fragments known are: Codex Panopolitanus (Cairo Papyrus 10759), named also Codex Gizeh or Akhmim fragments, consists of fragments
Book_of_Enoch
Theological college of the United Reformed Church
contributions to the field of Aramaic and Theology are the publications of the Codex Climaci Rescriptus, a 6th-century palimpsest written in Christian Palestinian
Westminster College (Cambridge)
Westminster_College_(Cambridge)
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