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Official name of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church (1870–1953)
The Bulgarian Exarchate (Bulgarian: Българска екзархия, romanized: Balgarska ekzarhiya; Turkish: Bulgar Eksarhlığı) was the official name of the Bulgarian
Bulgarian_Exarchate
List of exarchates, both political and ecclesiastical
modern exarchates. Roman imperial dioceses (headed by vicars, who were also called exarchs) Exarchate of Africa Exarchate of Ravenna (or Exarchate of Italy)
Exarchate
Ethno-religious and linguistic community within the Ottoman Empire
autocephalous Bulgarian Exarchate was first de facto proclaimed. In the meantime, some Bulgarian leaders tried to negotiate the establishment of a Bulgarian Uniate
Bulgarian_millet
Autocephalous jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Bulgarian: Българска православна църква, romanized: Bûlgarska pravoslavna cûrkva), legally the Patriarchate of Bulgaria (Bulgarian:
Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church
Former political and military office; now an ecclesiastical office
contention between competing Greek and Bulgarian national aims. For more information see Bulgarian Exarchate and Bulgarian Orthodox Church. In 1921, eparchies
Exarch
Eastern Catholic church
is that of the Byzantine Rite in the Bulgarian language. The church is organized as a single eparchy—the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Eparchy of Sofia. Under
Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church
Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church
Aspect of Bulgarian history
The Bulgarian National Awakening (Bulgarian: Ранно възраждане) is the initial period of the Bulgarian National Revival in the history of Bulgaria, from
Bulgarian_National_Awakening
Town in Pelagonia, North Macedonia
identity, Bulgarian intellectuals tried to impose the use of the Bulgarian language, especially after the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1870
Prilep
Bulgarian territory controlled by the Ottoman Empire, 14th-19th centuries
autonomous Bulgarian vilayets, largely corresponding to the ethnic boundaries drawn a decade earlier with the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate. The
Ottoman_Bulgaria
Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary (1877–1905)
Macedonian Bulgarian socialist revolutionary of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He was also a teacher in the Bulgarian Exarchate school
Nikola_Karev
1878–1908 Ottoman vassal state in the Balkans
its independence as the Kingdom of Bulgaria. In 1396 the Bulgarian–Ottoman Wars ended with the fall of the Bulgarian Empire, due to the Ottoman invasion
Principality_of_Bulgaria
Bulgarian irredentism is a term to identify the territory associated with a historical national state and a modern Bulgarian irredentist nationalist movement
Bulgarian_irredentism
Serbs carried out by the IMRO Bulgarian bands of Atanas Babata. Parts of the IMRO, which supported the Bulgarian Exarchate, executed notable Serbs, who
Kokošinje_murders
Period of Bulgarian history (1762–1878)
Ottoman Bulgaria Bulgarian Exarchate Bulgarian Millet Constantinople Conference Treaty of San Stefano Congress of Berlin Kresna–Razlog uprising Bulgarian unification
Bulgarian_Revival
19th and 20th century dispute about popular and learned language varieties of Greek
The first was the foundation in 1870 of the Bulgarian Exarchate, effectively an independent Bulgarian Orthodox Church, with services held in Church
Greek_language_question
Bulgarian religious figure
(Bulgarian: Теодосий Скопски, Macedonian: Теодосиј(а) Скопски; 1846–1926) was a Bulgarian religious figure, scholar and translator of the Bulgarian language
Theodosius_of_Skopje
Bulgarian Church which first roused Bulgarian nationalist sentiment. In 1870, a Bulgarian Exarchate was created by a firman and the first Bulgarian Exarch
History_of_Bulgaria
Ethnolinguistic group in Ottoman Macedonia
and the Exarchate's Bulgarian millet was not tainted with national meaning, but was a choice of Church or millet. Thus, adherence to the Bulgarian national
Slavic speakers in Ottoman Macedonia
Slavic_speakers_in_Ottoman_Macedonia
Chief Rabbi (Hahambasi). Istanbul was formerly also the seat of the Bulgarian Exarchate, before its autocephaly was recognized by other Orthodox churches
Religion_in_Istanbul
South Slavic ethnic group
Bulgarians (Bulgarian: българи, romanized: bŭlgari, IPA: [ˈbɤɫɡɐri]) are a South Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring
Bulgarians
Spread of Bulgarian culture
Bulgarisation (Bulgarian: българизация, romanized: bălgarizaciya), also known as Bulgarianisation (Bulgarian: побългаряване, romanized: pobălgaryavane)
Bulgarisation
Greek revolutionary organization, c. 1900–1908
Struggle (1904–1908). Following the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate, Greeks and Bulgarians were engaged in a propaganda struggle for the allegiance
Macedonian_Committee
Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox priest (1816–1888)
and a participant in the Bulgarian liberation and church-independence movement. He was the first head of the Bulgarian Exarchate, a post he held from 1872
Anthim_I
The Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood (Bulgarian: :Българско тайно революционно братство) was organized by a small group of Bulgarian conservatives
Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood
Bulgarian_Secret_Revolutionary_Brotherhood
Medieval Bulgarian state (1185–1396)
The Second Bulgarian Empire (Middle Bulgarian: Ц(а)рьство бл(ъ)гарское; Modern Bulgarian: Второ българско царство, romanized: Vtoro Balgarsko Tsarstvo)
Second_Bulgarian_Empire
681–1018 state in Southeast Europe
It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185. The First Bulgarian Empire became known simply as Bulgaria since its recognition by the Byzantine
First_Bulgarian_Empire
Bulgarian state from 1946 to 1990
rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]) was the Bulgarian state that existed from 1946 to 1990, ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP; Bulgarian: Българска комунистическа
People's_Republic_of_Bulgaria
Ivan Antonov (Bulgarian: Иван Антонов) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, an archpriest, and a proponent for the Bulgarian Exarchate in Macedonia. Ivan Antonov
Ivan_Antonov
School
The Sts. Cyril and Methodius Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki (Bulgarian: Солунска българска мъжка гимназия „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“, Solunska
Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
Bulgarian_Men's_High_School_of_Thessaloniki
Village in Pelagonia, North Macedonia
Church to the Bulgarian Exarchate. Until two years before, Lisolaj had been affiliated with the Serbians. According to the Bulgarian Exarchate Secretary Dimitar
Lisolaj
State in southeastern Europe from 1908 to 1946
Tsardom of Bulgaria, also known as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, commonly known in English as the Kingdom of Bulgaria, or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional
Kingdom_of_Bulgaria
Town in Central Macedonia, Greece
Christians. The village joined the Bulgarian Exarchate. Another survey in 1905 recorded that in the village there were 720 Bulgarian Exarchists. During the exchange
Pella_(town)
Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary (1872–1903)
the jurisdiction of the Bulgarian Uniate Church, but after 1884 most of its population gradually joined the Bulgarian Exarchate. As a student, Delchev
Gotse_Delchev
Cultural and military conflicts between various Balkan peoples in the region of Macedonia
and supporters of the Bulgarian Exarchate, which had been recognized by the Ottomans in 1870. Starting from the 1870s, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia intensified
Macedonian_Struggle
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Bulgarian St. Stephen Church (Bulgarian: Църква "Свети Стефан"; Turkish: Sveti Stefan Kilisesi), also known as the Bulgarian Iron Church, is a Bulgarian
Bulgarian_St._Stephen_Church
Greek Catholic eparchy in Bulgaria
Bulgaria's capital Sofia. It was established in 1926 as Apostolic Exarchate of Sofia, on Bulgarian territory split off from the suppressed Bulgarian Catholic
Eparchy of Sofia (Bulgarian Greek Catholic)
Eparchy_of_Sofia_(Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic)
Geographical and historical region in Europe
was given to Bulgaria, due to Russian pressure and the presence of significant numbers of Bulgarians and adherents to the Bulgarian Exarchate. The territorial
Macedonia_(region)
Minority in Greece
of Sèvres. The Greeks agreed to sponsor Bulgarian-minority schools, to allow the presence of Bulgarian Exarchate priests if they obtained Greek citizenship
Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia
Heresy of ethnic church divisions
Empire. The unilateral promulgation of the Bulgarian exarchate followed the protracted struggle of the Bulgarians against the domination of the Greek hierarchy
Phyletism
Bulgaria's invasion of its neighbours (1913)
from Bulgarian Thrace. After the exchange, according to the 1914 Ottoman census, there remained 14,908 Bulgarians belonging to the Bulgarian Exarchate in
Second_Balkan_War
Ethnographic group of North Macedonia
Principality of Bulgaria received most of the Macedonia region by the Ottoman Empire, and the earlier establishment and expansion of the Bulgarian Exarchate (February
Mijaks
Secret revolutionary society (1893–1934)
using Bulgaria as a source of funds and the Exarchate for its own gain while "working under a Bulgarian mask" and establishing its own non-Bulgarian agenda
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization
Macedonian Orthodox Church in Skopje, North Macedonia
area voted in 1874 overwhelmingly, by 91% in favour of joining the Bulgarian Exarchate. This remained so until 1890 when it was taken back by the Greek
Church of the Ascension of Jesus, Skopje
Church_of_the_Ascension_of_Jesus,_Skopje
Historical overview of Macedonia's demographics
population of Macedonia was Bulgarian. Before the Balkan Wars the regional Macedonian dialects were treated as Bulgarian and the Exarchate school system taught
Demographic history of Macedonia
Demographic_history_of_Macedonia
South Slavic ethnic group
Skopje) to have a separate "Bulgarian Millet", finally bore fruit in 1870 when a firman for the creation of the Bulgarian Exarchate was issued. In June 1870
Macedonians_(ethnic_group)
in the Bulgarian language and sometimes in the Greek language. It was stopped from printing in 1872 after the creation of the Bulgarian Exarchate. The newspaper
Makedoniya (Bulgarian newspaper)
Makedoniya_(Bulgarian_newspaper)
Bulgarians from the geographic region of Macedonia
(Bulgarian: македонци), or Macedonian Bulgarians (Bulgarian: македонски българи), sometimes also referred to as Macedono-Bulgarians, Macedo-Bulgarians
Macedonian_Bulgarians
Bulgarian revolutionary
Mogilcheto or Dimche Mogilche (Bulgarian/Macedonian: Димче Сарванов; 1879 –January 4, 1908), was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary and a member of the
Dimche_Sarvanov
Genocidal massacres of Thracian Vulgarians by the Ottoman Empire in 1913
remained 14,908 Bulgarians belonging to the Bulgarian Exarchate in Ottoman Empire, 2,502 in Edirne, including the area that was ceded to Bulgaria in 1915, 3
Expulsion of the Thracian Bulgarians
Expulsion_of_the_Thracian_Bulgarians
Community in Greece
village, the inhabitants were members of the Bulgarian Exarchate. During the Macedonian Struggle, Bulgarian and Greek bands were present in the village
Prasino,_Florina
Eastern Christian hierarchical practice
Patriarch Anthimus IV, recognized this status. In May 1872, the Bulgarian Exarchate, set up by the Ottoman government two years prior, broke away from
Autocephaly
City in southwestern North Macedonia
plebiscite in 1874 overwhelmingly in favour of joining the Bulgarian Exarchate (97%), the Exarchate became in control of the area. In 1889, Gustav Weigand
Ohrid
Eastern Orthodox church in North Macedonia
region was occupied by Bulgaria during World War I, the local dioceses temporarily came under the control of the Bulgarian Exarchate. After the war, as part
Macedonian_Orthodox_Church
Blagoevgrad Province of Bulgaria
the middle of the 19th century a Bulgarian national revival was initiated, and the newly created Bulgarian Exarchate also included the region of Pirin
Pirin_Macedonia
Turkic tribal confederation
Minor, opening access to Moesia, and established the Danubian Bulgaria – the First Bulgarian Empire, where the Bulgars became a political and military elite
Bulgars
Village in Polog, North Macedonia
population of the village was under the rule of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the Secretary of the Exarchate Dimitar Mishev ("La Macédoine et sa Population
Galičnik
Town in Western Macedonia, Greece
outskirts of Florina was used by the Greeks. The town's Bulgarian community joined the Bulgarian Exarchate and built a church in 1889 to perform their liturgy
Florina
Ethnic group in Turkey
Bulgarians in Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye'deki Bulgarlar, Bulgarian: Българи в Турция) form a minority of Turkey. They are Bulgarian expatriates in Turkey
Bulgarians_in_Turkey
Community in Greece
livestock. A Christian village, most of the inhabitants belonged to the Bulgarian Exarchate. In the late nineteenth century, a few Aromanian families also lived
Vatochori
Pre-historic burial site in Bulgaria
The Varna Necropolis (Bulgarian: Варненски некропол), or Varna Cemetery, is a burial site in the western industrial zone of Varna (approximately half
Varna_Necropolis
City in Pelagonia, North Macedonia
community of 5,200. The Slavic-speakers were divided between the Bulgarian Exarchate - 8,000, and the Greek Patriarchate - 6,300. A significant part of
Bitola
Social movement of ethnic Macedonians
the region was identified as Macedono-Bulgarian or simply as Bulgarian and after 1870 joined the Bulgarian Exarchate. Per John Van Antwerp Fine, from the
Macedonian_nationalism
American restaurateurs
Revolutionary Organization, and actively participated in the affairs of the Bulgarian Exarchate. The town was annexed during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) by Greece
Kiradjieff_brothers
medieval Bulgarian statehood, Eastern Christianity and the cultural interaction of the Ottoman period. Thracian heritage in the Bulgarian lands includes
Culture_of_Bulgaria
Serbian military leader and politician (1849–1903)
Cincar-Marković took steps to combat the revolutionaries of the Bulgarian Exarchate who were terrorizing the Serbian population in Old Serbia and Macedonia
Dimitrije_Cincar-Marković
Term describing certain Slavic people
of an educational campaign and the affiliation with the Bulgarian millet and Bulgarian Exarchate. In the 20th century, Bulgarophiles in neighboring Yugoslavia
Bulgarophiles
Joseph from the city, and initiated Bulgarian-language broadcasts on Radio Skopje. On 19 April, the Fifth Bulgarian Army entered the region in accordance
Bulgarian rule of Macedonia, Morava Valley and Western Thrace (1941–1944)
Bulgarian_rule_of_Macedonia,_Morava_Valley_and_Western_Thrace_(1941–1944)
Autocephalous church of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Bulgarian church was politically recognized as autonomous under the name Bulgarian Exarchate by the Sultan's firman, but it was not until 1945 that it was recognized
Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople
Anti-Ottoman revolt in the Balkans (1903)
the uprising as "Bulgarian insurgents" closely linked to the Bulgarian Exarchate and that the uprising was the work of the "Bulgarian Macedonians". Alfred
Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
Ilinden–Preobrazhenie_Uprising
Regional unit in Macedonia, Greece
between the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Bulgarian Exarchate (established in 1870). In 1886, 78.4% of the Christian population
Florina_(regional_unit)
original on 15 April 2026. Retrieved 15 April 2026. 2012 Bulgarian census (in Bulgarian) Bulgaria. The World Factbook. CIA Canard 1926, pp. 90–91; Guilland
Islam_in_Bulgaria
Bulgarian doctor
Ivan Alev (Bulgarian: Иван Алев) was a Bulgarian medical doctor and a worker of the Bulgarian national liberation movement in Macedonia. He was born in
Ivan_Alev
Town in Southeastern, North Macedonia
pro-Greek citizens. Countering this, the Bulgarian Exarchate found support in the Slavic populace; the first Bulgarian school in the Strumica region was opened
Strumica
Historic division of the Byzantine Empire
The Exarchate of Africa was a division of the Byzantine Empire around Carthage that encompassed its possessions on the Western Mediterranean. Ruled by
Exarchate_of_Africa
Rebel state in the Ottoman Empire (1903)
Slavic-speaking Orthodox Christian inhabitants predominantly belonged to the Bulgarian Exarchate, serving as a key demographic base for the IMRO. On 3 August 1903
Kruševo_Republic
Political party
Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs, also known as Union of the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs (Bulgarian: Съюз на българските конституционни клубове), was
Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs
Bulgarian_Constitutional_Clubs
Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox bishop (1873–1930)
Clement of Vratsa (Bulgarian: Климент Врачански; secular name: Grigoriy Ivanov Shivachev; Bulgarian: Григорий Иванов Шивачев; 6 December 1873 – 3 May 1930)
Clement_of_Vratsa
Serbian teacher and newspaper editor (1882–1926)
conflict between the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Bulgarian Exarchate, which divided the Slavic Christian people in Ottoman Macedonia.
Spasoje_Hadži_Popović
1872 Eastern Orthodox Church council
by proposing the creation of a Bulgarian exarchate. However, the proposal included political autonomy for the Bulgarians, which displeased the Ottoman
Council of Constantinople (1872)
Council_of_Constantinople_(1872)
Village in Polog, North Macedonia
population of the village is under the rule of Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the Secretary of the Exarchate Dimitar Mishev ("La Macédoine et sa Population
Rosoki
Eastern Roman administrative division (584–751)
The Exarchate of Ravenna (Latin: Exarchatus Ravennatis; Greek: Ἐξαρχᾶτον τῆς Ῥαβέννης, romanized: Exarcháton tís Ravénis), also known as the Exarchate of
Exarchate_of_Ravenna
Village in Southwestern, North Macedonia
were 1,050 Bulgarian inhabitants, all Christians. The entire Christian population of the village is under the rule of Bulgarian Exarchate. According to
Selci,_Struga
Bilateral relations
neighbouring empires: Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire. Numerous wars and attacks by Bulgarian and Byzantine forces for control of the Western
Bulgaria–Serbia_relations
Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary (1872–1915)
Sandanski (Bulgarian: Яне Иванов Сандански, Macedonian: Јане Иванов Сандански, romanized: Jane Ivanov Sandanski; Originally spelled in older Bulgarian orthography
Yane_Sandanski
Name list
Exarch (1810–1891), Bulgarian revivalist, publicist and journalist, participant in the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Exarchate Alex Ferguson (born
Alexander
Community in Greece
the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the Exarchist secretary Dimitar Mishev (1906), there were 528 Bulgarian Exarchists in Nivitsi. The Bulgarian church
Psarades
re-establishment of the Archbishopric of Ohrid as a separate entity from the Bulgarian Exarchate, the promotion of the Macedonian language, etc. Its leaders were
Secret_Macedonian_Committee
Community in Macedonia, Greece
The village had 500 inhabitants in 1912 and most belonged to the Bulgarian Exarchate with a few families affiliated to the Patriarchate. The village population
Mesonisi,_Florina
(Αρχιμανδρίτης Διονύσιος, архимандрит Дионисий) was a Bulgarian cleric, an activist of the Bulgarian Revival in South Macedonia. Dionysius was born in 1831
Dionysius_of_Giannitsa
Church in Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Mother of God (Bulgarian: Църква Света Богородица, Катедрален храм "Успение Богородично") is a Bulgarian National Revival church in Bulgaria's second largest
Church of the Holy Mother of God, Plovdiv
Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God,_Plovdiv
Topics referred to by the same term
jurisdictions. Bulgarian Orthodox Metropolitanate of Skopje [bg], an Eastern Orthodox (noncanonical) metropolitanate of the Bulgarian Exarchate, that existed
Metropolitanate of Skopje (disambiguation)
Metropolitanate_of_Skopje_(disambiguation)
Makariopolis (Bulgarian: Иларион Макариополски Ilarion Makariopolski, Greek: Ιλαρίων Μακαριουπόλεως, born Stoyan Stoyanov Mihaylovski, Bulgarian: Стоян Стоянов
Hilarion_of_Makariopolis
far, it is called Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees (BMARC). These documents refer to the then Bulgarian population in the
First_statute_of_the_IMRO
Village in Korçë, Albania
about 360 Bulgarian Christians. Following the Ilinden Uprising of 1903, Tuminec came under the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to a Bulgarian survey two
Tuminec
Settlement in Greece
the kaza (district) of Görice and the inhabitants belonged to the Bulgarian Exarchate. Between 1912 and 1928, the population numbered 100. The village
Agathoto
1908–1922 political event
significance: it is comparable with the Firman of 1870 in which the Bulgarian Exarchate was founded and the Bulgars were freed from Greek guardianship. The
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Methodology of historical studies used in North Macedonia
of the Bulgarian Exarchate. Per Macedonian historians the Macedonian Slavs did not joined the Exarchate because they felt themselves Bulgarian, but rather
Historiography in North Macedonia
Historiography_in_North_Macedonia
Bulgarian politician and diplomat (1837–1921)
Marko Dimitriev Balabanov (Bulgarian: Марко Димитриев Балабанов; 1837 – 16 June 1921) was a Bulgarian politician and diplomat. He was the first Minister
Marko_Balabanov
Village in Korçë, Albania
inhabitants of the village of Pustec (Bulgarian: Пустец) were in the bosom of the Bulgarian Exarchate. There were 400 Bulgarian Exarchists in the village. The
Pustec
Place in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
Petrich and its district were included in the Bulgarian Exarchate, before being included in Bulgaria following the Balkan Wars in 1912–13. In October
Petrich
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