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Topics referred to by the same term
Binary alphabet may refer to: The members of a binary set in mathematical set theory A 2-element alphabet, in formal language theory ASCII Binary numeral
Binary_alphabet
Base set of symbols with which a language is formed
alphabet of both upper and lower case letters can also be used to form proper names like "Wikipedia". A common alphabet is {0,1}, the binary alphabet
Alphabet_(formal_languages)
Unit of information
of the length of a digital string that is encoded as symbols over a binary alphabet (i.e. Σ = { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle \Sigma =\{{\texttt {0}},{\texttt
Bit
Gender identities outside of the gender binary
Non-binary (also written as nonbinary) or genderqueer gender identities are those that are outside the male/female gender binary. Non-binary identities
Non-binary
Algorithm for finding sub-text location(s) inside a given sentence in Big O(n) time
while studying a string-pattern-matching recognition problem over a binary alphabet. This was the first linear-time algorithm for string matching. A string-matching
Knuth–Morris–Pratt_algorithm
Encoded data represented in binary notation
Francis Bacon discussed a system whereby letters of the alphabet could be reduced to sequences of binary digits, which could then be encoded as scarcely visible
Binary_code
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 64 printable characters
is a binary-to-text encoding that uses 64 printable characters to represent each 6-bit segment of a sequence of byte values. As for all binary-to-text
Base64
Number expressed in the base-2 numeral system
A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols
Binary_number
Cycle through all length-k sequences
{\displaystyle {\dfrac {\left(k!\right)^{k^{n-1}}}{k^{n}}}.} For a binary alphabet this is 2 2 ( n − 1 ) − n {\displaystyle 2^{2^{(n-1)}-n}} , leading
De_Bruijn_sequence
Unit of information
of symbols drawn from a fixed alphabet. The most common digital computers use a binary alphabet, that is, an alphabet of two characters typically denoted
Data
word can also be defined as a word that avoids the pattern XX. Over a binary alphabet { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle \{0,1\}} , the only square-free words are
Square-free_word
Searching for patterns in text
an alphabet (finite set) Σ. Σ may be a human language alphabet, for example, the letters A through Z and other applications may use a binary alphabet (Σ
String-searching_algorithm
Symbols representing logical operations
possible binary truth functions of logic. The logic alphabet was developed by Shea Zellweger. The major emphasis of his iconic "logic alphabet" is to provide
Logic_alphabet
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
g., DES, or AES) can be viewed as substitution ciphers on a large binary alphabet. In addition, block ciphers often include smaller substitution tables
Substitution_cipher
Error-correcting code
example of a linear code of length 2 m {\displaystyle 2^{m}} over a binary alphabet. Unfortunately, this term is somewhat ambiguous as some references
Hadamard_code
Standardized pronunciation of letters
spelling alphabet, word-spelling alphabet, voice procedure alphabet, radio alphabet, radiotelephony alphabet, telephone alphabet, and telephony alphabet. A
Spelling_alphabet
represented. Examples of six-bit binary codes are: International Telegraph Alphabet No. 4 (ITA4) Six-bit BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), used by early mainframe
List_of_binary_codes
Language defined by context-sensitive grammar
to mean a binary alphabet). This was proved by Hartmanis using pumping lemmas for regular and context-free languages over a binary alphabet and, after
Context-sensitive_language
Transmission of language with brief pulses
Morse's preliminary proposal for a telegraph code was replaced by an alphabet-based code developed by Alfred Vail, the engineer working with Morse. Vail's
Morse_code
sense that it minimizes the worst-case regret asymptotically. For a binary alphabet and a string w with m zeroes and n ones, the KT estimator pi(w) is
Krichevsky–Trofimov_estimator
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
provides a convenient notation. The following automaton M, with a binary alphabet, determines if the input ends with a 1. Let M = ( { p , q } , { 0
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
Number of nonzero symbols in a string
is the number of symbols that are different from the zero-symbol of the alphabet used. It is thus equivalent to the Hamming distance from the all-zero string
Hamming_weight
Tactile writing system
with binary encoding. The system as devised by Braille consists of two parts: Character encoding that mapped characters of the French alphabet to tuples
Braille
Number with all digits equally frequent
equal asymptotic frequency. For example, in a normal binary sequence (a sequence over the alphabet {0,1}), 0 and 1 each occur with frequency 1⁄2; 00, 01
Normal_number
Abstract calculator
by Post's in October. A Post–Turing machine uses a binary alphabet, an infinite sequence of binary storage locations, and a primitive programming language
Post–Turing_machine
Mathematics concept
{\displaystyle \gamma _{2}} , the constant defined in this way for the binary alphabet. A common subsequence of two strings S and T is a string whose characters
Chvátal–Sankoff_constants
Mathematical function that can be computed by a program
For example, the collection of all binary strings that contain exactly 3 ones is a language over the binary alphabet. A key property of a formal language
Computable_function
Formal language that can be expressed using a regular expression
elementary substructure consists precisely of regular languages. For a binary alphabet, the theory is called S2S. In computational complexity theory, the
Regular_language
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
various specific problems. For example, the following is a DFA M with a binary alphabet, which requires that the input contains an even number of 0s: M = (
Mathematical_model
Finite-state machine
definition see automata theory. The following example is of a DFA M, with a binary alphabet, which requires that the input contains an even number of 0s. M = (Q
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
Mathematical operation with two operands
a binary operation or dyadic operation is a rule for combining two elements (called operands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation
Binary_operation
Type of error-correcting code
over a non-binary alphabet. The second code can then transform the result of the first encoding over a non-binary alphabet to a binary alphabet. The final
Locally_decodable_code
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet (i.e., the set {0,1}), and thus the strings
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Technique to compress data
the root). Input. Alphabet A = ( a 1 , a 2 , … , a n ) {\displaystyle A=(a_{1},a_{2},\dots ,a_{n})} , which is the symbol alphabet of size n {\displaystyle
Huffman_coding
Unit of digital information, usually 8 bits
System/360 the eight-bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC), an expansion of their six-bit binary-coded decimal (BCDIC) representations
Byte
In combinatorics
parameters, the set of strings of length n {\displaystyle n} over a binary alphabet describes the vertices of an n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional hypercube
Graham–Rothschild_theorem
Entropy coding methods
information as is required from entropy coders. Let us start with the binary alphabet and a probability distribution Pr ( 1 ) = p {\displaystyle \Pr(1)=p}
Asymmetric_numeral_systems
Measure of difference between two points
Tsachy (December 2014). "Information Measures: the Curious Case of the Binary Alphabet". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 60 (12): 7616–7626. arXiv:1404
Bregman_divergence
Problem in formal language theory
use a large alphabet, of size 2n-1 for the language with star height n. He thus asked whether we can also find examples over binary alphabets. This was
Star_height_problem
Visual representation of speech sounds
article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the
Phonetic_transcription
Fictional languages and scripts
throughout the films look as dissimilar from the English alphabet as possible, and constructed alphabets were developed. Critics contend the languages constructed
Languages_in_Star_Wars
Topics referred to by the same term
lowercase vowel letters in the: O or o, Latin alphabet Ο or ο, Greek alphabet О or о, Cyrillic alphabet 𐤏, Semitic/Phoenician letter ayin, the ancestor
Circle_symbol
Function that measures dissimilarity between two probability distributions
Tsachy (December 2014). "Information Measures: the Curious Case of the Binary Alphabet". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 60 (12): 7616–7626. arXiv:1404
F-divergence
by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple
List of mathematical constants
List_of_mathematical_constants
Nineteenth letter in the Greek alphabet
lowercase τ or τ; Greek: ταυ [taf]) is the nineteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless dental or alveolar plosive IPA: [t]. In the
Tau
Examples of the probabilistic construct
identically distributed input signals (for example, symbols from a binary alphabet chosen by coin tosses), if the machine is in state y at time n, then
Examples_of_Markov_chains
In combinatorics, the autocorrelation of a word is the set of periods of this word
v | {\displaystyle |v|} is the length of v. For example, over the binary alphabet A = { a , b } {\displaystyle A=\{a,b\}} , the first occurrence of a
Autocorrelation_(words)
Truncated binary encoding is an entropy encoding typically used for uniform probability distributions with a finite alphabet. It is parameterized by an
Truncated_binary_encoding
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 32 printable characters
Base32 is binary-to-text encoding based on the base-32 numeral system. It uses an alphabet of 32 digits, each of which represents a different combination
Base32
Proof checkable by a randomized algorithm
decision problems having probabilistically checkable proof systems over binary alphabet of completeness c(n) and soundness s(n), where the verifier is non-adaptive
Probabilistically checkable proof
Probabilistically_checkable_proof
Character encoding
in 3GPP 23.038. For binary messages, 8-bit encoding is used. The standard encoding for GSM messages is the 7-bit default alphabet as defined in the 23
GSM_03.38
Base-16 numeric representation
of the alphabet from "A" to "F" (either upper or lower case) for the digits with decimal value 10 to 15. As typical computer hardware is binary in nature
Hexadecimal
Type of linear error-correcting code
electronics engineering, a binary Golay code is a type of linear error-correcting code used in digital communications. The binary Golay code, along with the
Binary_Golay_code
Binary sequence
that works for the game. The definition generalizes from binary alphabet to countable alphabet: The frequency of each letter converges to a limit greater
Algorithmically random sequence
Algorithmically_random_sequence
String that is strictly smaller in lexicographic order than all of its rotations
{\displaystyle v} is as long as possible. The Lyndon words over the two-symbol binary alphabet {0,1}, sorted by length and then lexicographically within each length
Lyndon_word
Type of cipher
Block ciphers traditionally work over a binary alphabet. That is, both the input and the output are binary strings, consisting of n zeroes and ones.
Block_cipher
Generalised alphabetical order
dictionaries and encyclopedias, that depends on the underlying ordering of the alphabet of symbols used to build the words. The lexicographical order is one way
Lexicographic_order
Model of noisy digital information transfer and storage.
In coding theory and information theory, a binary erasure channel (BEC) is a communications channel model. A transmitter sends a bit (a zero or a one)
Binary_erasure_channel
Mathematical model
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}} of timed words w {\displaystyle w} over the binary alphabet { a , b } {\displaystyle \{a,b\}} such that each a {\displaystyle a}
Timed_automaton
Model of changes in a sequence over evolutionary time
mode. This can be illustrated using a "toy" example: we can use a binary alphabet to score the following phenotypic traits "has feathers", "lays eggs"
Substitution_model
Generalization of the pumping lemma for context-free languages
. . . , η n {\displaystyle \eta _{1},...,\eta _{n}} , rewrite the binary alphabet to { d , e } {\displaystyle \{d,e\}} . Let L ( ξ 1 , ⋯ , ξ n ) {\displaystyle
Ogden's_lemma
only if the language is regular. Our alphabet A {\displaystyle A} is the set of vectors of r {\displaystyle r} binary digits. That is: { 0 , 1 } r {\displaystyle
Regular_numerical_predicate
Codes intended to correct short, contiguous errors in a communications channel
{\displaystyle 1\leqslant \ell \leqslant {\tfrac {1}{2}}(n+1),} over a binary alphabet, there are n 2 ℓ − 1 + 1 {\displaystyle n2^{\ell -1}+1} vectors of
Burst_error-correcting_code
Error-correcting codes used in wireless communication
[2^{m},k,2^{m-r}]_{2}} -code, that is, it is a linear code over a binary alphabet, has block length 2 m {\displaystyle \textstyle 2^{m}} , message length
Reed–Muller_code
Search tree data structure
structure used to store and retrieve strings from a dictionary or set. Unlike a binary search tree, nodes in a trie do not store their associated key. Instead
Trie
Esko Ukkonen (1981). "The shortest common supersequence problem over binary alphabet is NP-complete". Theoretical Computer Science. 16 (2): 187–198. doi:10
Shortest_common_supersequence
Twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
x) is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others
X
Dutch mathematician (1905–1984)
after Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, despite their earlier discovery (for binary alphabets) by Camille Flye Sainte-Marie. De Bruijn and Van Aardenne-Ehrenfest
Tatyana van Aardenne-Ehrenfest
Tatyana_van_Aardenne-Ehrenfest
in binary codes of given length n and given minimum distance d. A code is considered "binary" if the codewords use symbols from the binary alphabet { 0
Plotkin_bound
number of occurrences of a symbol was the transmitted symbol. In a binary alphabet made of 0 , 1 {\displaystyle 0,1} , if a ( n , 1 ) {\displaystyle (n
Majority_logic_decoding
Physical or logical connection used for transmission of information
channel is usually modeled as a tuple consisting of an input alphabet, an output alphabet, and for each pair (i, o) of input and output elements, a transition
Communication_channel
Function that measures dissimilarity between two probability distributions
information geometry, a divergence is a kind of statistical distance: a binary function which establishes the separation from one probability distribution
Divergence_(statistics)
Model selection principle
data can be represented by a string of symbols from a finite (say, binary) alphabet. [The MDL Principle] is based on the following insight: any regularity
Minimum_description_length
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 85 printable characters
is a binary-to-text encoding developed by Paul E. Rutter for the btoa utility. By using five ASCII characters to represent four bytes of binary data (making
Ascii85
Ensemble learning method
and boosting. AdaBoost can be used for face detection as an example of binary categorization. The two categories are faces versus background. The general
Boosting_(machine_learning)
Theorem in computability theory
n_{1})} is satisfied. For example, for a prefix-free Turing machine with binary alphabet and no blank symbol, we may use the following notations: A k {\displaystyle
Post's_theorem
Pioneering five-bit character encodings
is merged with the numeral 4. Bacon's cipher – A 5-bit binary encoding of the English alphabet devised by Francis Bacon in 1605. CCIR 476 List of information
Baudot_code
Eight-bit character encoding system invented by IBM
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC; /ˈɛbsɪdɪk/) is an eight-bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer
EBCDIC
Set of elements in any of some sets
extensionality to show that this set is unique. For readability, define the binary predicate Union ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Union} (X,Y)}
Union_(set_theory)
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
this property. Linear block codes are summarized by their symbol alphabets (e.g., binary or ternary) and parameters (n,m,dmin) where n is the length of
Coding_theory
Upper bound in coding theory
dual codes. These are often called trivial MDS codes. In the case of binary alphabets, only trivial MDS codes exist. Examples of non-trivial MDS codes include
Singleton_bound
Variable capable of taking on a limited number of possible values
A categorical variable that can take on exactly two values is termed a binary variable or a dichotomous variable; an important special case is the Bernoulli
Categorical_variable
Assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language
symbols. The inventory from which these letters are taken is called the alphabet over which the language is defined. To distinguish the strings of symbols
Interpretation_(logic)
Algebraic structure
algebraic structure consisting of a set together with an associative internal binary operation on it. In mathematical analysis, the term also appears in the
Semigroup
IBM mainframe communications protocol
Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC or Bisync) is an IBM character-oriented, half-duplex link protocol, announced in 1967 after the introduction of System/360
Binary Synchronous Communications
Binary_Synchronous_Communications
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. S is the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet. S may also refer to: an Anglo-Saxon charter's number in Peter Sawyer's
S_(disambiguation)
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 62 printable characters
Base62 is a binary-to-text encoding that represents arbitrary data (including binary data) as ASCII text. It encodes data as the 62 letters and digits
Base62
Binary relation in computer science
is also called the alphabet on which D {\displaystyle D} is defined. The independency induced by D {\displaystyle D} is the binary relation I {\displaystyle
Dependency_relation
Sequence of characters, data type
string is a finite sequence of symbols that are chosen from a set called an alphabet. A primary purpose of strings is to store human-readable text, like words
String_(computer_science)
Order of magnitude indicator
prefix for ten thousand, myria- (sometimes spelt myrio-), and the early binary prefixes double- (2×) and demi- (1/2×) were parts of the original metric
Metric_prefix
Simple encryption method
cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. It is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient
ROT13
Unsolved problem in computer science
a finite alphabet and verifier that runs in polynomial time. The following defines a "verifier": Let L be a language over a finite alphabet, Σ. L ∈ NP
P_versus_NP_problem
Type of error-correcting code
have both been achieved, even with constant query complexity and a binary alphabet, such as with n = k 1 + 1 / ( log k ) c {\displaystyle n=k^{1+1/(\log
Locally_testable_code
Array containing every possible matrix of size m × n
mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, is an array of symbols from an alphabet (often just 0 and 1) that contains every possible matrix of given dimensions
De_Bruijn_torus
Ordering of binary values, used for positioning and error correction
The reflected binary code (RBC), also known as reflected binary (RB) or Gray code after Frank Gray, is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that
Gray_code
Natural number
between two time zones is 26 hours. 26 is the number of letters in the Latin alphabet. "Sloane's A000085 : Involution numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer
26_(number)
Any that are encoded in machine-readable formats
into existence with the rise of digital computers. Digital computers use binary code and Boolean logic to store and process information, allowing one machine
Digital_media
Unary operation on string sets
either to an alphabet of symbols or to a formal language, a set of strings (finite sequences of symbols). The Kleene star operator on an alphabet V generates
Kleene_star
Number of digits of a numeral system
the binary system with base 2) represents the number four. Electronic computers process and store information in the simplest way, as bits of binary code
Radix
Communication using flags
International Code of Signals defines a standard set of flags and associated alphabet suitable for international use, as well as a set of standard codes. Flaghoist
Flag_signals
BINARY ALPHABET
BINARY ALPHABET
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Einarr, EINAR means "lone warrior."
Boy/Male
Latin
Happy; Cheerful.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Greek, Latin, Polish, Swedish
Cheerful; Happy; Joyful; Similar to Hilary
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly South Yorkshire)
English (chiefly South Yorkshire) : topographic name for someone who lived on land enclosed by a bend in a river, from Old English binnan ēa ‘within the river’, or a habitational name from places in Kent called Binney and Binny, which have this origin.Scottish : habitational name from Binney or Binniehill near Falkirk, named in Gaelic as Beinnach, from beinn ‘hill’ + the locative suffix -ach.
Male
English
English unisex form of Latin Hilarius and Hilaria, HILARY means "joyful; happy."Â Originally, this was strictly a masculine name.
Female
Turkish
Turkish name PINAR means "spring."
Female
English
English pet form of German Belinda, possibly BINDY means "bright serpent" or "bright linden tree."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Vickery.
Girl/Female
English
Originally a diminutive used for names ending in -bina, like Albina, Columbina, and Robina, now...
Boy/Male
Irish
An ancient Irish name whos meaning is lost in antiquety.
Female
Hebrew
(×‘Ö¼Ö´×™× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name BINA means "intelligence, wisdom."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Shore, Musical instrument, Goddess of wealth
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Bina, BINAH means "intelligence, wisdom."Â
Girl/Female
Indian
(the wife of Sage Kashyap)
Girl/Female
Hindu
Shore, Musical instrument, Goddess of wealth
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Blessing
Male
Hindi/Indian
Variant spelling of Hindi Vijay, BIJAY means "victory."
Boy/Male
Indian
An intimate particle of the God of heaven
Male
Hindi/Indian
(विनय) Hindi name VINAY means "leading asunder."
Girl/Female
Indian
Modesty
BINARY ALPHABET
BINARY ALPHABET
Girl/Female
Australian, French
Blackbird
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Good
Girl/Female
English American
Medieval English form of the Irish Caitlin. Pure.
Female
German
 German form of Latin Christina, CHRISTIANE means "believer" or "follower of Christ." Compare with another form of Christiane.
Biblical
pleasant; testifying
Boy/Male
Indian
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Inflaming
Girl/Female
Arabic
A Bird.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
The Triumphant Gopala
BINARY ALPHABET
BINARY ALPHABET
BINARY ALPHABET
BINARY ALPHABET
BINARY ALPHABET
n.
Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack.
n.
A canary bird.
n.
That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality.
n.
See Finery.
n.
A binary compound of selenium, or a compound regarded as binary; as, ethyl selenide.
n.
A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds.
a.
Relating or belonging to bile; conveying bile; as, biliary acids; biliary ducts.
n.
A binary compound of phosphorus.
n.
A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.
v. i.
To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper.
a.
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two (things).
a.
Of or pertaining to the urine; as, the urinary bladder; urinary excretions.
a.
Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone.
a.
Containing ten; tenfold; proceeding by tens; as, the denary, or decimal, scale.
a.
lasting for one day; as, a diary fever.
n.
A binary compound of zinc.
n.
A register of daily events or transactions; a daily record; a journal; a blank book dated for the record of daily memoranda; as, a diary of the weather; a physician's diary.
n.
A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride.
n.
A binary compound of silicon, or one regarded as binary.