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Graph with a list of distinguished cycles
Biased graphs are interesting mostly because of their matroids, but also because of their connection with multiary quasigroups. See below. A biased graph
Biased_graph
Graph with sign-labeled edges
In the area of graph theory in mathematics, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has a positive or negative sign. A signed graph is balanced if
Signed_graph
Abstraction of linear independence of vectors
matroids have been generalized to matroids from signed graphs, gain graphs, and biased graphs. A graph G {\displaystyle G} with a distinguished linear class
Matroid
Structural analysis of a network
In network science, a biased random walk on a graph is a time path process in which an evolving variable jumps from its current state to one of various
Biased_random_walk_on_a_graph
Graph with group-labeled edges
all graph coverings by permutation voltage assignments. Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 18, pp. 273–283. Thomas Zaslavsky (1989), Biased graphs. I. Bias, balance
Gain_graph
Knowledge base to enhance search results
The Knowledge Graph is a knowledge base from which Google serves relevant information in an infobox beside its search results. This allows the user to
Knowledge_Graph_(Google)
Class of artificial neural networks
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are artificial neural networks designed for tasks whose inputs are graphs. Because graphs usually do not have a canonical
Graph_neural_network
Graph that misrepresents data
explanation a graph needs, the less the graph itself is needed. Graphs do not always convey information better than tables. The use of biased or loaded words
Misleading_graph
Abstraction of unicyclic subgraphs
of the frame matroid of a biased graph. The circuits, or minimal dependent sets, of this matroid are the bicircular graphs (or bicycles, but that term
Bicircular_matroid
Variable that is causally influenced by two or more variables
In the terminology of causal graphs, conditioning on the collider opens the path between X and Y. This will introduce bias when estimating the causal association
Collider_(statistics)
Tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities
Berkson's paradox, also known as Berkson's bias, collider bias, endogenous selection bias or Berkson's fallacy, is a result in conditional probability
Berkson's_paradox
Directed graph that models causal relationships between variables
test for external validity, and manage missing data and selection bias. Causal graphs were first used by the geneticist Sewall Wright under the rubric
Causal_graph
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
forward-biased, charge carriers flow freely due to the reduction in energy barriers seen by electrons and holes. When the p–n junction is reverse-biased, however
P–n_junction
Automated methods for the creation of mazes
algorithms have biases of various sorts: depth-first search is biased toward long corridors, while Kruskal's/Prim's algorithms are biased toward many short
Maze_generation_algorithm
Representation learning technique
Word2Vec), image embeddings for visual data, and knowledge graph embeddings for knowledge graphs, each tailored to tasks like NLP, computer vision, or recommendation
Embedding_(machine_learning)
Property of a model
provides non-biased regression estimates, the lower variance solutions produced by regularization techniques provide superior MSE performance. The bias–variance
Bias–variance_tradeoff
Process of generalization
they are not abstract in the sense of the objects in graph 1 below. We might look at other graphs, in a progression from cat to mammal to animal, and see
Abstraction
Response bias exhibited by survey respondents
contexts, whereas SDR is, by definition, tied to the latter. Biased random walk on a graph Bradley effect Groupthink Knowledge falsification Moralistic
Social-desirability_bias
graph (DAG) models with latent variables and selection bias. Ancestral graphs are mixed graphs with three kinds of edges: directed edges (→), drawn as
Ancestral_graph
Cognitive bias of assuming others share your knowledge
participants are told a background story with a certain graph, they notice the part of the graph that corresponds with this story. They then believe others
Curse_of_knowledge
The main question of interest regarding biased positional games is what is their threshold bias - what is the bias in which the winning-power switches from
Biased_positional_game
Graphical technique for data sets
plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables. The plot can be
Plot_(graphics)
Search algorithm
also be considered as a Monte-Carlo method to bias search into the largest Voronoi regions of a graph in a configuration space. Some variations can even
Rapidly_exploring_random_tree
Matroid associated with a group
Mathematical Society, Vol. 271, pp. 485–499. Thomas Zaslavsky (1991), Biased graphs. II. The three matroids. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B,
Dowling_geometry
Canadian flight attendant and early AIDS victim (1952–1984)
consistent with the hypothesis that AIDS was caused by an infectious agent. A graph included with the paper traced the sequence of infection among 40 men, and
Gaëtan_Dugas
Graph in climate science
Hockey stick graphs present global or hemispherical mean global surface temperatures of the distant past, as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions
Hockey stick graph (global temperature)
Hockey_stick_graph_(global_temperature)
Catalan solid with 12 faces
dodecahedron is called a rhombic dodecahedral graph, with 14 vertices and 24 edges. It is the Levi graph of the Miquel configuration (83 64). For edge
Rhombic_dodecahedron
Professional network website
analytics Inspired by Facebook's "social graph", LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner set a goal in 2012 to create an "economic graph" within a decade. The goal was to create
Algorithm to search the nodes of a graph
sample of graph nodes. However, incomplete DFS, similarly to incomplete BFS, is biased towards nodes of high degree. For the following graph: A depth-first
Depth-first_search
Type of graph used in research
A funnel plot is a graph designed to check for the existence of publication bias; funnel plots are commonly used in systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Funnel_plot
Open catalog of scholarly papers, authors, institutions, venues, and concepts
2022 by OurResearch as a successor of the terminated Microsoft Academic Graph. OpenAlex competes with commercial products such as Clarivate's Web of Science
OpenAlex
Pan-genome Graph Construction Methodology
Pan-genome graph construction is the process of creating a graph-based representation of the collective genome (the pan-genome) of a species or a group
Pan-genome_graph_construction
Chatbot developed by xAI
alternative to Wikipedia, which he deemed to be "woke" and politically biased. Musk was one of the 11 co-founders of OpenAI, and initially co-chaired
Grok_(chatbot)
Optimization technique
problem in continuous space. Shrinking bias: Since graph cuts finds a minimum cut, the algorithm can be biased toward producing a small contour. For example
Graph cuts in computer vision and artificial intelligence
Graph_cuts_in_computer_vision_and_artificial_intelligence
Rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data
{\displaystyle \theta } the bias of θ ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {\theta }}} is b {\displaystyle b} . There are two kinds of estimators: biased estimators and unbiased
Estimator
representations on a graph that preserve the structural identity. In contrast to node2vec, that optimizes node embeddings so that nearby nodes in the graph have similar
Struc2vec
Computer compiler optimization technique
improvement to Chaitin's works which is biased coloring. Biased coloring tries to assign the same color in the graph-coloring to live range that are copy
Register_allocation
Type of biased random walk on a graph
A maximal entropy random walk (MERW) is a popular type of biased random walk on a graph, in which transition probabilities are chosen accordingly to the
Maximal_entropy_random_walk
Process forming a path from many random steps
a random simple path Maximal entropy random walk – Type of biased random walk on a graph Self-avoiding walk – Sequence of moves on a lattice Unit root –
Random_walk
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
ideologically biased. In February 2021, Fox News accused Wikipedia of whitewashing communism and socialism and having too much "leftist bias". Wikipedia
Wikipedia
Phenomenon that most people have fewer friends than their friends have, on average
Formally, Feld assumes that a social network is represented by an undirected graph G = (V, E), where the set V of vertices corresponds to the people in the
Friendship_paradox
Optimization algorithm
computational problems that can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Artificial ants represent multi-agent methods inspired by the behavior
Ant colony optimization algorithms
Ant_colony_optimization_algorithms
Graphical representation of energy flows in physical systems
A bond graph is a graphical representation of the energy flows though and between physical dynamical systems including those in the electrical, mechanical
Bond_graph
Matroid that can be represented over all fields
1016/0095-8956(80)90075-1. Thomas Zaslavsky, "Biased graphs whose matroids are special binary matroids", Graphs and Combinatorics, Vol. 6 (1990), 77–93; see
Regular_matroid
Machine learning method to transfer knowledge from a large model to a smaller one
and natural language processing. Recently, it has also been introduced to graph neural networks applicable to non-grid data. Knowledge transfer from a large
Knowledge_distillation
Two-terminal electronic component
reverse-biased (non-conducting) under normal circumstances. When the voltage rises above the normal range, the diodes become forward-biased (conducting)
Diode
Measurement of algorithmic bias
judged by an AI algorithm was found to be biased towards individuals with lighter skin, likely due to bias in training data. A study of three commercial
Fairness_(machine_learning)
Change in the heritable traits of populations
systematic biases in mutation might be responsible for systematic differences in genomic GC composition between species. The identification of a GC-biased E.
Evolution
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
In practice, graph representations like adjacency lists are used to improve the efficiency of intersection and union math. For large graphs, computing similarity
Jaccard_index
Meeting or surpassing an intended goal or objective
success Probability of success Propaganda of success Success trap Survivorship bias Victory Hunter, I. Q. (2016-09-08). Cult Film as a Guide to Life: Fandom
Success
Standardized tests
computer-adaptive method of placing more weight on the first several questions is biased against test takers who typically perform poorly at the beginning of a test
Graduate_Record_Examinations
Topics referred to by the same term
Tye Matching (graph theory), in graph theory, a set of edges without common vertices Graph matching, detection of similarity between graphs Matching (statistics)
Matching
Decline of memory retention in time
the longer period of time that a person is able to recall it. A typical graph of the forgetting curve purports to show that humans tend to halve their
Forgetting_curve
Coordinate system using perpendicular axes
calculus, group theory and more. A familiar example is the concept of the graph of a function. Cartesian coordinates are also essential tools for most applied
Cartesian_coordinate_system
Intelligence of machines
Machine learning applications can be biased if they learn from biased data. The developers may not be aware that the bias exists. Discriminatory behavior by
Artificial_intelligence
Network whose degree distribution follows a power law
transformation which converts random graphs to their edge-dual graphs (or line graphs) produces an ensemble of graphs with nearly the same degree distribution
Scale-free_network
Wikipedia linking tendency
separation – Concept of social inter-connectedness Small world network – Graph where most nodes are reachable in a small number of stepsPages displaying
Wikipedia philosophy phenomenon
Wikipedia_philosophy_phenomenon
American mathematician
signed graphs and their applications. Zaslavsky, Thomas (2015). "Bibliography, glossary, and problem list for signed, gained, and biased graphs". Binghamton
Thomas_Zaslavsky
Type of artificial neural network
set of points and corresponding values (e.g. as a regular grid or a mesh graph), leading to a less robust model. In a neural field with global conditioning
Neural_field
Simple polynomial map exhibiting chaotic behavior
negative, x can take negative values. A graph of the map can also be used to learn much about its behavior. The graph of the logistic map x n + 1 = r x (
Logistic_map
Logic-based number-placement puzzle
Sudoku puzzle can be expressed as a graph coloring problem. The aim is to construct a 9-coloring of a particular graph, given a partial 9-coloring. The fewest
Sudoku
Probability distribution on equally likely outcomes
spanning tree of a graph is a spanning tree selected with uniform probabilities from the full set of spanning trees of the graph. The discrete uniform
Discrete_uniform_distribution
Measure of the asymmetry of random variables
is the sample standard deviation, m2 is the (biased) sample second central moment, and m3 is the (biased) sample third central moment. g 1 {\displaystyle
Skewness
Herd behaviours in online social media
opinions upward-biased. Algorithmic curation Algorithmic radicalization Asymmetric follow Bandwagon effect Biased random walk on a graph Ghost followers
Social_influence_bias
horses are the same color Cantor function Cantor set Checking if a coin is biased Concrete illustration of the central limit theorem Differential equations
List_of_mathematical_examples
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
behavior of transformer architectures over long inputs. The standard attention graph is either all-to-all or causal, both of which scales as O ( N 2 ) {\displaystyle
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Indian television series
Akbar had a certain graph and we know that. We cannot negate that he changed his heart from a power-hungry ruler to a non-biased one because of his queen
Jodha_Akbar
Machine learning framework
engineering disciplines such as turbulent flow modeling, computational mechanics, graph-structured data, and the geosciences. In particular, they have been applied
Neural_operators
Semiconductor light source
definition, the energy band gap of any diode is higher when reverse-biased than when forward-biased. Because the band gap energy determines the wavelength of the
Light-emitting_diode
Knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network
biases (e.g., in news coverage), or even to map an entire research field. Examples of the use of semantic networks in logic, directed acyclic graphs as
Semantic_network
How psychological biases shape investor behaviour and financial markets
suffered deeper losses. The large oscillations on the ensuing days provided a graph that resembled the famous crash of 1929. The crash of 1987 provided a puzzle
Behavioural_finance
Subset of artificial intelligence
model. Trained models derived from biased or non-evaluated data can result in skewed or undesired predictions. Biased models may result in detrimental outcomes
Machine_learning
Decision support tool
with different numbers of levels, information gain in decision trees is biased in favor of those attributes with more levels. Calculations can get very
Decision_tree
Floating-point number format used in computer processors
hexadecimal and binary, of the floating-point value. This includes the sign, (biased) exponent, and significand. 3f80 = 0 01111111 0000000 = 1 c000 = 1 10000000
Bfloat16 floating-point format
Bfloat16_floating-point_format
Statistical bias
other locations around the world. This grouping can be seen in the first graph showing the distribution of births, by month, for the European Union over
Relative_age_effect
Term used in machine learning
apparently only be faithfully described using an overwhelmingly large causal graph." They also found that the model includes "mechanisms that could underlie
Stochastic_parrot
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
arising when analyzing data with many aspects ("dimensions") Graph database – Database using graph structures for queries Machine learning – Subset of artificial
Vector_database
American computer scientist and software engineer
V.; Laudon, James; Ho, Richard; Carpenter, Roger; Dean, Jeff (2021). "A graph placement methodology for fast chip design". Nature. 594 (7862): 207–212
Jeff_Dean
Business document
uses Arial, Calibri, Cambria, Garamond or Georgia font, does not include graphs, tables, or headers (formatted headers not sections), and uses "keywords"
Résumé
Software design structured around a node graph
Node graph architecture is a software design structured around the notion of a node graph. Both the source code and the user interface are designed around
Node_graph_architecture
Technology capable of matching a face from an image against a database of faces
holding facial recognition technology companies to requirements of racially biased testing can be a significant flaw in the adoption of use in law enforcement
Facial_recognition_system
Means to measure signal processing ability
2009). "Efficient and Robust Compressed Sensing Using Optimized Expander Graphs" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 55 (9): 4299–4308. doi:10
Detection_theory
Graph where most nodes are reachable in a small number of steps
network example Hubs are bigger than other nodes A small-world network is a graph characterized by a high clustering coefficient and low distances. In an
Small-world_network
Data visualization
points. Each of the n {\displaystyle n} samples is then represented on the graph by assigning the mean of the two measurements as the x {\displaystyle x}
Bland–Altman_plot
Graphs of the Twitter activity of (from top) Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Ted Cruz, Bernie Sanders, Gary Johnson, and Jill Stein
Social media and political communication in the United States
Social_media_and_political_communication_in_the_United_States
Priority queue implemented with a variant of a binary heap
The usual leftist tree is a height-biased leftist tree. However, other biases can exist, such as in the weight-biased leftist tree. The exact worst-case
Leftist_tree
Machine learning software library
computational graph. This execution paradigm is considered to be easier to debug because of its step by step transparency. In both eager and graph executions
TensorFlow
English-language edition of Wikipedia
degree of commercial bias. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and ideological bias. While its reliability
English_Wikipedia
Probability saying
less possible than any other point. Another example is tossing a (possibly biased) coin, which corresponds to the probability space ( { H , T } , 2 { H ,
Almost_surely
North American professional baseball league
2020 as well as with advanced statistics as provided by sites such as FanGraphs and Baseball Savant, MLB has evolved. With the ability to see precise movements
Major_League_Baseball
(AMR) is a semantic representation language. AMR graphs are rooted, labeled, directed, acyclic graphs (DAGs), comprising whole sentences. They are intended
Abstract Meaning Representation
Abstract_Meaning_Representation
Upper house of the US Congress
broader national cohesion. On the one hand, some claim the U.S. Senate has a bias against Republicans. However, since 1920, Democrats have controlled the Senate
United_States_Senate
Class of artificial neural network
machines, with the restriction that their neurons must form a bipartite graph: a pair of nodes from each of the two groups of units (commonly referred
Restricted_Boltzmann_machine
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
junction biases: Forward-active (or simply active) The base–emitter junction is forward biased and the base–collector junction is reverse biased. Most bipolar
Bipolar_junction_transistor
Substrings of length k contained in a biological sequence
(December 2015). "GC-biased gene conversion links the recombination landscape and demography to genomic base composition: GC-biased gene conversion drives
K-mer
American social networking service
Turkey's communication director said that the decision was illogical, biased, and politically motivated. Turkey blocked access to Twitter twice, once
X_(social_network)
Semiconductor device with variable capacitance
relationship and a symmetric capacitance-voltage relationship, as shown in the graph to the right. The device was invented by Erik Kollberg together with Anders
Heterostructure barrier varactor
Heterostructure_barrier_varactor
For data monitoring in statistical quality control
the average value, x and lines at the UCL and LCL values. On a separate graph, the calculated ranges MRi are plotted. A line is added for the average
Shewhart individuals control chart
Shewhart_individuals_control_chart
Machine learning paradigm
between bias and variance. Imagine that we have available several different, but equally good, training data sets. A learning algorithm is biased for a
Supervised_learning
Process by which platform algorithms increase the reach of certain content
almost entirely by algorithmic recommendation rather than by a user's social graph. An internal document obtained by The New York Times in 2021 showed that
Algorithmic_amplification
BIASED GRAPH
BIASED GRAPH
Boy/Male
Muslim
Smiling
Male
Egyptian
, the father of Hor-imhotep.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old English bysig ‘busy’.
Surname or Lastname
French
French : habitational name from places in Landes and Lot-et-Garonne named Bias.English : possibly a variant spelling of Byas.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Expander (Allah)
Surname or Lastname
French and Swiss (French part)
French and Swiss (French part) : metonymic occupational name for a baker, from Old French bise ‘large round loaf’.English and Scottish : perhaps a variant of Biss. Compare Beese, Bice, Buys, Buys.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Great Emperor
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Muslim, Sindhi
Joy; Solved; Based
Boy/Male
Scottish
Beast.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian
Smiling
Girl/Female
Australian, German, Turkish
You are Unique
Boy/Male
Muslim
Censured, Blamed
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Another Name for God; Biased; Security
Boy/Male
Afghan, African, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, Greek, Indian, Muslim
Brave
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Quick.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Brave
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Smiling
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
Wealthy Glory
Boy/Male
French Latin
Lisp, stutter.
Girl/Female
British, English
Based
BIASED GRAPH
BIASED GRAPH
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Tamil
Jasleena | ஜஸà¯à®²à¯€à®¨à®¾
Abode of fame
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sai Sree | ஸாஈ à®·à¯à®°à¯€
Flower
Boy/Male
Tamil
Khounish | கோஉஂநீஷ
Boy/Male
German, Norse
God of Skiers
Male
Hebrew
(עַבְדּï‹×Ÿ) Hebrew name ABDOWN means "servant, worshiper." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including one of the judges who ruled over Israel. Also spelled Avdon.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Wealth
Girl/Female
Indian
Peace, Protection
Boy/Male
Muslim Egyptian Arabic
Protector. Guardian.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Whaley.
BIASED GRAPH
BIASED GRAPH
BIASED GRAPH
BIASED GRAPH
BIASED GRAPH
a.
Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased; disinterested.
a.
Having a blade or blades; as, a two-bladed knife.
pl.
of Bias
n.
Wearing, or protected by, bases.
imp. & p. p.
of Base
a.
Imperfectly baked; hence, not brought to perfection; unfinished; also, of weak or dull understanding.
a.
Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as, raised or embossed metal work.
a.
Divested of blades; as, bladed corn.
a.
Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See Diacid.
n.
A pie; baked food.
imp. & p. p.
of Vial
a.
Not warped; hence, not biased; impartial.
a.
Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.
a.
Influenced by prejudice; biased.
a.
Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced.
a.
Free from bias or prejudice; unprejudiced; impartial.
imp. & p. p.
of Visa
imp. & p. p.
of Bias
a.
Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based.
a.
Furnished with, or having, a bill, as a bird; -- used in composition; as, broad-billed.