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Graph with sign-labeled edges
In the area of graph theory in mathematics, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has a positive or negative sign. A signed graph is balanced if
Signed_graph
Theory of attitude change
3-cycles in a signed graph. The sign of a path in a graph is the product of the signs of its edges. They considered cycles in a signed graph representing
Balance_theory
Number of edges touching a vertex in a graph
the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, n − 1 {\displaystyle n-1} . In a signed graph, the
Degree_(graph_theory)
Ancient proverb
mathematical sociology, a signed graph may be used to represent a social network that may or may not be balanced, depending upon the signs found along cycles
The enemy of my enemy is my friend
The_enemy_of_my_enemy_is_my_friend
Information-carrying connections between people
separation Bridge (interpersonal) Simmelian tie Social connection Signed graph – Graph with sign-labeled edges Granovetter, Mark (2005). "The Impact of Social
Interpersonal_ties
Graph whose edges are given independent directions at both ends
skew-symmetric graph is the double covering graph of a bidirected graph. A bidirected graph may be regarded as an orientation of a signed graph, similarly
Bidirected_graph
Graph with group-labeled edges
the gain of e (in some indicated direction). A gain graph is a generalization of a signed graph, where the gain group G has only two elements. See Zaslavsky
Gain_graph
Integer matrices with +1 or −1 determinant; invertible over the integers. GL_n(Z)
of a balanced signed graph; thus, this example says that the incidence matrix of a signed graph is totally unimodular if the signed graph is balanced.
Unimodular_matrix
Concept in network science
stochastic block model is a generative model for random graphs. This model tends to produce graphs containing communities, subsets of nodes characterized
Stochastic_block_model
Matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects
signed graph is a generalization of the oriented incidence matrix. It is the incidence matrix of any bidirected graph that orients the given signed graph
Incidence_matrix
Methodic assignment of colors to elements of a graph
In graph theory, graph coloring is a methodic assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph. The assignment is subject to certain
Graph_coloring
Number property of being positive or negative
sign of a permutation is defined to be positive if the permutation is even, and negative if the permutation is odd. In graph theory, a signed graph is
Sign_(mathematics)
Concept in science
learning, e.g., correlation clustering, naturally often deal with a signed graph where the edge weight indicates whether two nodes are similar (correlated
Negative_probability
Set of unordered triples from a vertex set
two-graph on the set E. A two-graph is equivalent to a switching class of graphs and also to a (signed) switching class of signed complete graphs. Switching
Two-graph
Graph with a list of distinguished cycles
essentials of a gain graph and in particular of a signed graph. Formally, a biased graph Ω is a pair (G, B) where G is a graph and B is a linear class
Biased_graph
Problem in graph theory
every connected signed graph G. Edwards's bound for arbitrary graphs was improved for special classes of graphs: triangle-free graphs, graphs of given maximum
Maximum_cut
Abstraction of linear independence of vectors
matroid of G {\displaystyle G} . A signed graph, whose edges are labeled by signs, and a gain graph, which is a graph whose edges are labeled orientably
Matroid
Topics referred to by the same term
clustering coefficient Correlation clustering, a way of clustering nodes in a signed graph Cluster (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated
Clustering
A family of simple undirected graphs defined by spectral properties
In graph theory, a nut graph is a finite simple graph with at least two vertices whose adjacency matrix has a nullity equal to one and whose kernel is
Nut_graph_(graph_theory)
Subdivision of vertices into disjoint sets
In mathematics, a graph partition is the reduction of a graph to a smaller graph by partitioning its set of nodes into mutually exclusive groups. Edges
Graph_partition
File format
DOT is a graph description language, developed as a part of the Graphviz project. DOT graphs are typically stored as files with the .gv or .dot filename
DOT (graph description language)
DOT_(graph_description_language)
Distance from a point to the boundary of a set
In mathematics and its applications, the signed distance function or signed distance field (SDF) is the orthogonal distance of a given point x to the boundary
Signed_distance_function
Matrix representation of a graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Laplacian matrix, also called the graph Laplacian, admittance matrix, Kirchhoff matrix, or discrete Laplacian
Laplacian_matrix
Visual technique in topological graph theory
topological graph theory, a ribbon graph is a way to represent graph embeddings, equivalent in power to signed rotation systems and graph-encoded maps
Ribbon_graph
Graphs formed by a hypercube's edges and vertices
In graph theory, the hypercube graph Q n {\displaystyle Q_{n}} is the edge graph of the n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional hypercube, that is, it is the
Hypercube_graph
Mathematical symbols (+ and −)
raised minus sign (¯) is sometimes used for negative constants, as in elementary education, the programming language APL, and some early graphing calculators
Plus_and_minus_signs
Directed graph isomorphic to its own transpose graph
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a skew-symmetric graph is a directed graph that is isomorphic to its own transpose graph, the graph formed by
Skew-symmetric_graph
of Syrian descent; known as the father of the Modern Graph Theory. He invented the Signed graph. Farouk El-Baz, Egyptian American space scientist and
List of modern Arab scientists and engineers
List_of_modern_Arab_scientists_and_engineers
Binary operation combining the vertex and edge sets of two graphs
In graph theory, the disjoint union of graphs is an operation that combines two or more graphs to form a larger graph. It is analogous to the disjoint
Disjoint_union_of_graphs
Operation in graph theory
In graph theory, the Cartesian product G □ H of graphs G and H is a graph such that: the vertex set of G □ H is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H); and
Cartesian_product_of_graphs
Concept in graph theory
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the pancake graph Pn or n-pancake graph is a graph whose vertices are the permutations of n symbols from 1 to
Pancake_graph
Aspect of topological graph theory
embedded graph G {\displaystyle G} may be denoted G π {\displaystyle G^{\pi }} . It can be obtained from a signed rotation system or ribbon graph representation
Petrie_dual
Type of diagrammatic notation for propositional logic
An existential graph is a type of diagrammatic or visual notation for logical expressions, created by Charles Sanders Peirce, who wrote on graphical logic
Existential_graph
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
the HCS clustering algorithm. Signed graph models: Every path in a signed graph has a sign from the product of the signs on the edges. Under the assumptions
Cluster_analysis
American mathematician (1921–2005)
American mathematician, who specialized in graph theory. He was widely recognized as one of the "fathers" of modern graph theory. Harary was a master of clear
Frank_Harary
Point where the curvature of a curve changes sign
a smooth plane curve at which the curvature changes sign. In particular, in the case of the graph of a function, it is a point where the function changes
Inflection_point
signed_backbones: Python package for extracting signed backbones of intrinsically dense weighted networks., retrieved 2023-08-09 Signed graph Balance theory
Signed_network
Graph database
JanusGraph is an open source, distributed graph database under The Linux Foundation. JanusGraph is available under the Apache License 2.0. The project
JanusGraph
Abstract structure with colored elements
colored Tutte polynomial, which generalizes the Tutte polynomial of a signed graph of Kauffman (1989). There has also been study of optimization problems
Colored_matroid
Type of chart
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that
Bar_chart
Second-smallest eigenvalue of a graph Laplacian
known as Fiedler value or Fiedler eigenvalue after Miroslav Fiedler) of a graph G is the second-smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately)
Algebraic_connectivity
Interdisciplinary field of research
represented as signed graphs. A signed graph is called balanced if the product of the signs of all relations in every cycle (links in every graph cycle) is
Mathematical_sociology
Partition of a graph by removing fewest possible edges
In graph theory, a minimum cut or min-cut of a graph is a cut (a partition of the vertices of a graph into two disjoint subsets) that is minimal in some
Minimum_cut
Spectral graph theory concept
spectral graph theory, a Ramanujan graph is a regular graph whose spectral gap is almost as large as possible (see extremal graph theory). Such graphs are
Ramanujan_graph
Algebraic encoding of graph connectivity
is a graph polynomial. It is a polynomial in two variables which plays an important role in graph theory. It is defined for every undirected graph G {\displaystyle
Tutte_polynomial
Embedding of the circle in three dimensional Euclidean space
mathematics that studies knots is known as knot theory and has many relations to graph theory. A knot is an embedding of the circle (S1) into three-dimensional
Knot_(mathematics)
American psychologist (1928–2005)
early attempt, using an idiosyncratic kind of adjacency matrix of a signed graph, at a descriptive (rather than prescriptive) psychological organization
Robert_Abelson
Psychoanalytic tool devised by Jacques Lacan
The graph of desire (French: graphe du désir) is a conceptual tool in Lacanianism. Lacan devised numerous quasi-mathematical diagrams to represent the
Graph_of_desire
Periodic spatial graph
Laves graph is an infinite and highly symmetric system of points and line segments in three-dimensional Euclidean space, forming a periodic graph. Three
Laves_graph
Abstraction of ordered linear algebra
matroid is a mathematical structure that abstracts the properties of directed graphs, vector arrangements over ordered fields, and hyperplane arrangements over
Oriented_matroid
Horizontal and vertical axes/coordinate numbers of a 2D coordinate system or graph
two-dimensional rectangular space. More technically, the abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis. Its absolute value is the
Abscissa_and_ordinate
Social structure made up of a set of social actors
by balancing triads. The study is carried forward with the theory of signed graphs. Actor level: The smallest unit of analysis in a social network is an
Social_network
24-vertex symmetric bipartite cubic graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Nauru graph is a symmetric, bipartite, cubic graph with 24 vertices and 36 edges. It was named by David
Nauru_graph
On the number of spanning trees in a graph
mathematical field of graph theory, Kirchhoff's theorem or Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem is a theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph. It states
Kirchhoff's_theorem
Subset of a graph's nodes such that all other nodes link to at least one
In graph theory, a dominating set for a graph G is a subset D of its vertices, such that any vertex of G is in D, or has a neighbor in D. The domination
Dominating_set
Solid with six equal square faces
drawing a graph with vertices connected with an edge in a plane. Such a graph is called the cubical graph, a special case of the hypercube graph. The cube
Cube
In algebraic topology and graph theory, graph homology describes the homology groups of a graph, where the graph is considered as a topological space.
Graph_homology
Constructs with triply-connected vertices
connected 3-regular (cubic) simple graphs are listed for small vertex numbers. The number of connected simple cubic graphs on 4, 6, 8, 10, ... vertices is
Table_of_simple_cubic_graphs
Method of partitioning data points into groups based on their similarity
+ {\displaystyle +} or − {\displaystyle -} (that is, the graph is a signed graph), indicating whether the corresponding endpoints are similar or dissimilar
Correlation_clustering
Analysis of social structures using network and graph theory
relationship (hatred, anger). Signed social network graphs can be used to predict the future evolution of the graph. In signed social networks, there is the
Social_network_analysis
Human contact that exists because of a mutual friend
networks beyond triangles, Dorwin Cartwright and Frank Harary used signed graphs to indicate positive or negative sentiments between persons. In 1963
Friend_of_a_friend
Graph with at most one cycle per component
In graph theory, a pseudoforest is an undirected graph in which every connected component has at most one cycle. That is, it is a system of vertices and
Pseudoforest
American mathematician
on signed graphs and their applications. Zaslavsky, Thomas (2015). "Bibliography, glossary, and problem list for signed, gained, and biased graphs". Binghamton
Thomas_Zaslavsky
Closeness of someone's association with mathematician Paul Erdős and actor Kevin Bacon
Hamiltonian signed graphs,” Int. J. Comput. Math. 81(11): 1349-1356 (2004) Paul Erdös, Frank Harary and W.T. Tutte, “On the dimension of a graph,” Mathematika
Erdős–Bacon_number
Matroid that can be represented over all fields
copies of the matroid called R10. R10 is the matroid of the all-negative signed graph − K 5 {\displaystyle -K_{5}} . There is a polynomial time algorithm for
Regular_matroid
Duality of graph colorings and orientations
In graph theory, the Gallai–Hasse–Roy–Vitaver theorem is a form of duality between the colorings of the vertices of a given undirected graph and the orientations
Gallai–Hasse–Roy–Vitaver theorem
Gallai–Hasse–Roy–Vitaver_theorem
Graphical means of performing computations in linear algebra
a trace diagram's function is computed using signed graph coloring. For each edge coloring of the graph's edges by n labels, so that no two edges adjacent
Trace_diagram
Polyhedral compromise map projection
AuthaGraph is an approximately equal-area world map projection invented by Japanese architect Hajime Narukawa in 1999. The map is made by equally dividing
AuthaGraph_projection
Graphical representation of energy flows in physical systems
A bond graph is a graphical representation of the energy flows through, and between physical dynamical systems including those in the electrical, mechanical
Bond_graph
Topics referred to by the same term
WBT-FM, a radio station in Charlotte, North Carolina, US, that used call sign WLNK 1997–2025 Chainlink (blockchain), a cryptocurrency Link, an Internet
Link
Point where a function crosses an axis and changes sign
the sign of a mathematical function changes (e.g. from positive to negative), represented by an intercept of the axis (zero value) in the graph of the
Zero_crossing
Formula for solving a quadratic equation
the x values at which the graph of the quadratic function y=ax2+bx+c, a parabola, crosses the x-axis: the graph's x-intercepts. The quadratic
Quadratic_formula
Symbol representing the word "and" (&)
and sign, is the logogram &, representing the conjunction "and". It originated as a ligature of the word et (Latin for 'and'). Ampersand: the sign & the
Ampersand
Pictorial representation of the behavior of subatomic particles
device of covariant perturbation theory, the graphs were called Feynman–Dyson diagrams or Dyson graphs, because the path integral was unfamiliar when
Feynman_diagram
Type of active circuit electronic filter
suitable for expression as a signal-flow graph. Draw the signal-flow graph. The nodes of the signal-flow graph will include both voltages and currents
Leapfrog_filter
3D graphics computer library
OpenSceneGraph is an open-source 3D graphics application programming interface (library or framework), used by application developers in fields such as
OpenSceneGraph
Polynomial function of degree 3
odd-degree polynomials with real coefficients have at least one real root. The graph of a cubic function always has a single inflection point. It may have two
Cubic_function
Twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet
Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings. The letter T in German Sign Language Unicode treats representation of letters of the Latin alphabet written
T
In graph theory, a Pfaffian orientation of an undirected graph assigns a direction to each edge, so that certain cycles (the "even central cycles") have
Pfaffian_orientation
Archimedean solid with 8 faces
World Cup. In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated tetrahedral graph is an Archimedean graph, the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated
Truncated_tetrahedron
and SL, with some putting SNS first, while others have put SL first. The graph below showcases major parties and alliances in opinion polls from the 2023
2026 Serbian parliamentary election
2026_Serbian_parliamentary_election
Professional network website
analytics Inspired by Facebook's "social graph", LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner set a goal in 2012 to create an "economic graph" within a decade. The goal was to create
Operation in calculus
thereafter. A definite integral computes the signed area of the region in the plane that is bounded by the graph of a given function between two points in
Integral
Geometric model of the planar projection of the physical universe
Such a drawing is called a plane graph or planar embedding of the graph. A plane graph can be defined as a planar graph with a mapping from every node to
Euclidean_plane
Fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL D) ₫: Vietnamese đồng (Unicode U+20AB ₫ DONG SIGN) ⅆ: may be used as a derivative symbol (Unicode U+2146 ⅆ DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC
D
U.S. presidential administration since 2025
first hundred days in office, Trump signed 143 executive orders, the most of any president in this period, signed the Laken Riley Act, attempted to restrict
Second presidency of Donald Trump
Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump
French software company
Linkurious is a software company specialized in graph-based technology for various use cases such as financial crime, intelligence, cybersecurity, supply
Linkurious
Association of one output to each input
is uniquely represented by the set of all pairs (x, f (x)), called the graph of the function, a popular means of illustrating the function. When the
Function_(mathematics)
Application publishing software
GraphOn GO-Global is a multi-user remote access application for Windows. GO-Global is a product of GraphOn Corporation. GraphOn was founded in 1982 as
GraphOn
Coronet Films; the Chudnovsky brothers; fractals come from plotting on a graph imaginary numbers against real numbers and have self-similarity, and Ian
List_of_Equinox_episodes
Arctangent function with two arguments
calculators, the ARG function returns the argument of a complex number. On TI graphing calculators, the equivalent function is called R►Pθ or angle, and can take
Atan2
Function in algebraic graph theory
chromatic polynomial is a graph polynomial studied in algebraic graph theory, a branch of mathematics. It counts the number of graph colorings as a function
Chromatic_polynomial
vulnerable road users are at particular risk. In 1998 the TRL reported that signed 20 mph (32 km/h) speed limits only reduced traffic speeds by about 1 mph
Road speed limits in the United Kingdom
Road_speed_limits_in_the_United_Kingdom
Graph describing a topological embedding
embeddings include signed rotation systems and ribbon graphs. The graph-encoded map for an embedded graph G {\displaystyle G} is another cubic graph H {\displaystyle
Graph-encoded_map
Canadian politician
the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.) or colours used in polling graphs and are used as a visual differentiation between
Alvin_Tedjo
Type of mathematical expression
real variable can be represented by a graph. The graph of the zero polynomial f(x) = 0 is the x-axis. The graph of a degree 0 polynomial f(x) = a0, where
Polynomial
Game engine
is tracked on the GPU by performing a per-frame traversal of the cluster graph using compute shaders. Compressed geometry data is streamed on demand from
Unreal_Engine_5
Fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
Alphabetic Inscriptions. SubclassPress. ISBN 9780995284401. "Gardiner's Sign List of Egyptian Hieroglyphs – Egyptian Hieroglyphs". Retrieved 24 June 2024
N
Instantaneous rate of change (mathematics)
chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear approximation
Derivative
two-element set representing the signs. Signed sets may also be called Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}} -graded sets. Signed sets are fundamental to the
Signed_set
travel, tourism, insurance
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
SIGNED GRAPH
travel, tourism, insurance