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The history of malaria extends from its prehistoric origin as a zoonotic disease in the primates of Africa through to the 21st century. A widespread and
History_of_malaria
Mosquito-borne disease
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. The symptoms of human malaria typically include
Malaria
Medical prevention of malaria
Malaria prophylaxis refers to measures used to prevent malaria infection in individuals at risk of exposure to Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles
Malaria_prophylaxis
Elimination of the mosquito-borne infectious disease
Malaria, the mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, has been successfully eliminated or significantly reduced in many regions
Eradication_of_malaria
Scientific theory
mosquito-malaria theory (or sometimes mosquito theory) was a scientific theory developed in the latter half of the 19th century that solved the question of how
Mosquito-malaria_theory
Medical procedure of treating diseases using artificial injection of malaria parasites
The malaria therapy (or malaria inoculation, and sometimes malariotherapy) is an archaic medical procedure of treating diseases using artificial injection
Malaria_therapy
new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. History of malaria Timeline of global health List of deaths due
History_of_tuberculosis
Genus of parasitic protists that can cause malaria
to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up
Plasmodium
1935 American children's novel by Laura Ingalls Wilder
"illustrated by Garth Williams". Little House on the Prairie Google Books History of Malaria Archived August 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Kaye, Frances W.
Little House on the Prairie (novel)
Little_House_on_the_Prairie_(novel)
large-scale use of synthetic insecticide for malaria control in tropical Africa: lessons from Liberia, 1945–1962". Journal of the History of Medicine and
History_of_medicine
Vaccine against malaria
A malaria vaccine is a vaccine that prevents malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease which affected an estimated 249 million people globally in 85
Malaria_vaccine
Medical condition
Airport malaria, sometimes known as baggage, luggage or suitcase malaria, occurs when a malaria infected female Anopheles mosquito travels by aircraft
Airport_malaria
Medication used to treat malaria
Chloroquine is an antiparasitic medication that treats malaria. It works by increasing the levels of heme in the blood, a substance toxic to the malarial
Chloroquine
Historic endemic illness of London
Malaria was a common affliction in populations that lived beside the River Thames until the middle of the Victorian era, not only in its estuary, but
Malaria_in_the_River_Thames
Protozoan species of malaria parasite
parasite of humans and is the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female
Plasmodium_falciparum
United States government public health agency
of Parasitic Diseases (February 8, 2010). "Malaria Control in War Areas (1942–1945)". The History of Malaria, an Ancient Disease (2004). Atlanta, Georgia:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention
Comune in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy
and Francis. p. 132. ISBN 9781317895732. Majori, G (2012). "Short history of malaria and its eradication in Italy with short notes on the fight against
Trento
The mainstay of malaria diagnosis has been the microscopic examination of blood, utilizing blood films. Although blood is the sample most frequently used
Diagnosis_of_malaria
Organochloride known as an insecticide
discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods". The World Health Organization's (WHO) anti-malaria campaign of the
DDT
Medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to
Quinine
Fine net used to keep out biting insects
mosquito nets to be an extremely effective method of malaria prevention. A 2025 analysis by the Malaria Atlas Project reported that insecticide-treated
Mosquito_net
Antimalarial medication
used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus
Hydroxychloroquine
Successful United States program to eradicate endemic malaria (1947–1951)
participation—had reduced the incidence of malaria in the United States to the point that the program was officially ended. Malaria was originally only endemic in
National Malaria Eradication Program
National_Malaria_Eradication_Program
United Kingdom-based charity
The Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) is a UK-based charity that provides long-lasting insecticidal nets to populations at high risk of malaria, primarily
Against_Malaria_Foundation
Evolution of American rural life and agriculture over centuries
Albert. "The history of malaria in the United States." Public Health Reports (1929): 2575-2587. online Louis L. Williams, Jr., "Malaria Eradication in
Rural_American_history
as smallpox, malaria, cholera. typhoid fever, hookworm, Spanish flu, polio, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. The acceptance of the germ theory of disease in the
History of public health in the United States
History_of_public_health_in_the_United_States
Genus of plants, source of quinine
were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of European colonialism, which made them of great economic and political importance
Cinchona
British Indian medical doctor and Nobel laureate (1857–1932)
malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating
Ronald_Ross
Crystalline waste product of parasitic blood digestion
product formed from the digestion of blood by some blood-feeding parasites. These hematophagous organisms such as malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.), Rhodnius
Hemozoin
Malaria outbreaks in the Caribbean
Malaria has had a significant impact on the history of the Caribbean, due to its effects on the colonization of the islands and the corresponding impact
Malaria_in_the_Caribbean
Area of low lying land in eastern England
fenland of Norfolk and Suffolk History of malaria Grand Kankakee Marsh, a former major wetland in Indiana and Illinois, USA, with a history of extensive
The_Fens
Agents used in the treatment of malaria
antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most
Antimalarial_medication
Italian physician and pathologist (1862–1929)
Compendium of Unpleasant Infections. Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 123. ISBN 9780199641024. Majori, Giancarlo (2012). "Short history of malaria and its
Amico_Bignami
International organization
invest additional resources to end the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria to support attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals established
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria
German-Swiss microbiologist (1834–1913)
from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-27. "History of Malaria: Scientific Discoveries". Dr. B.S. Kakkilaya's Malaria Web Site. Archived from the original on
Edwin_Klebs
laboratory of Presidency Hospital in Calcutta, where the transmission of malaria by mosquitoes was discovered, winning Ross the second Nobel Prize for
History_of_India
The history of the island of Taiwan dates back tens of thousands of years to the earliest known evidence of human habitation. The sudden appearance of a
History_of_Taiwan
Italian physician
in Rome". Italian Journal of Public Health. 7 (1): 98–100. Cox, Francis EG (2010). "History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors"
Corrado_Tommasi-Crudeli
Chinese military pharmaceutical project
project of the People's Republic of China to find antimalarial medications. Named after the date the project launched, 23 May, it addressed malaria, an important
Project_523
Israeli microbiologist
and identification of intestinal bacteria, which is still in use today. Kligler's was a key contributor to the eradication of malaria in Mandatory Palestine
Israel_Jacob_Kligler
Italian physician and zoologist (1854–1925)
capable of transmitting the disease. Grassi's works in malaria remain a lasting controversy in the history of Nobel Prizes. Since the inception of Nobel
Giovanni_Battista_Grassi
Infectious disease = Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
branch of medicine History of cholera History of HIV/AIDS History of leprosy History of malaria History of plague History of polio History of smallpox
Outline of infectious disease concepts
Outline_of_infectious_disease_concepts
English-born American physician
Anderson Ruffin Abbott Joseph K. Barnes Charles H. Crane Robert K. Stone History of malaria Kunhardt. Twenty Days, p. 45 "Albert King". Nature. 147 (3716): 85
Albert_F._A._King
American biologist (1933–2022)
University of California, Riverside for 42 years and retired as executive vice chancellor. Sherman is known for his studies of malaria. Sherman, the son of Russian
Irwin_Sherman
Pharmaceutical drug invented in 1834
Victorian era as a medicine for fevers, especially tropical fevers, including malaria. It was considered, by some, to be superior to quinine. Warburg's Tincture
Warburg's_tincture
Carbonated soft drink containing quinine
which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, modern tonic water typically has a significantly lower quinine content
Tonic_water
Academic journal
Malaria Journal is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by BioMed Central. It was established in 2002 and covers research on malaria
Malaria_Journal
Target Malaria is a not-for-profit international research consortium that aims to co-develop and share novel genetic technologies to help control malaria in
Target_Malaria
Non-profit organization
Malaria No More is a nonprofit organization that seeks to eradicate malaria. The organization has offices in the United States, as well as affiliates
Malaria_No_More
Italian physician and zoologist (1862–1959)
was an Italian physician and zoologist who worked on malaria and was the personal physician of Pope Benedict XV. Born in Rome, Bastianelli was initially
Giuseppe_Bastianelli
Italian physician, biologist (1857–1914)
parasite and control of malaria. He was Professor of Hygiene at the University of Palermo, and then at the Sapienza University of Rome. He founded the
Angelo_Celli
Pharmaceutical drug
brand name Lariam among others, is a medication used to prevent or treat malaria. When used for prevention it is typically started before potential exposure
Mefloquine
Death of the Macedonian king in 323 BC
likelihood of malaria. The malaria version was also supported by Paul Cartledge.[citation needed] According to the University of Maryland School of Medicine
Death_of_Alexander_the_Great
1996 book by Amitav Ghosh
into the medical history of malaria. In the 1995 timeline, Murugan arrives in Calcutta trying to prove his theory that a secret network of native Indians
The_Calcutta_Chromosome
Nobel Prize for Medicine for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of neurosyphilis. Later, hyperthermal cabinets
History_of_syphilis
Government organization in Dhaka, Bangladesh
government of Bangladesh to implement. It incorporated the previously established Malaria Institute of East Pakistan, which was part of the Central Malaria Institute
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research
Institute_of_Epidemiology,_Disease_Control_and_Research
Former marshland near Rome, Italy
(2002). Malaria and Rome: a history of malaria in ancient Italy. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 185. "Archaeologists Discover Remains of 9 Neanderthals
Pontine_Marshes
Administering drugs to a whole population in order to prevent disease
describes the administration of antimalarial drugs to whole populations, an intervention which has been used as a malaria-control measure for more than
Mass_drug_administration
Former malaria remedy
bark, is a former remedy for malaria, as the bark contains quinine, used to treat the disease. The bark of several species of the genus Cinchona, family
Jesuit's_bark
Historical process by which the lower River Thames was turned into a tidal canal
Stepney". A History of the County of Middlesex. Vol. 11. London: British History Online. Retrieved 15 November 2020. Bankoff, Greg (2018). "Malaria, Water
Embanking_of_the_tidal_Thames
combat. The main causes of fatality were diarrhea and dysentery, followed by typhoid fever, pneumonia, malaria and smallpox. Malaria was widespread across
Environmental history of the United States
Environmental_history_of_the_United_States
Topics referred to by the same term
recreation or therapy in public waters, such as rivers and lakes. In the history of malaria it was implicated as a transmission factor prior to germ theory. It
Aquaphilia
disease and malaria, in 1972 HIV had neither been identified nor tested for in donated plasma or blood. Jacques Pépin in The Origins of Aids states that
History_of_HIV/AIDS
Species of single-celled organism
species that is an agent of malaria in nonhuman primates. P. coatneyi occurs in Southeast Asia.[citation needed] The natural host of this species is the rhesus
Plasmodium_coatneyi
ones such as malaria and yellow fever soon reduced the numbers of local Native Americans. Europeans were also very susceptible to malaria and yellow fever
History_of_sugar
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually
History_of_chemistry
Fontenille, Didier (12 August 2010). "Malaria risk in Corsica, former hot spot of malaria in France". Malaria Journal. 9 (1): 231. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-231
History_of_Corsica
History of Greece between the World Wars
a large part of the population. Both malaria and tuberculosis were widespread. Illiteracy was also rife: 40.9% of those over the age of eight in 1928
History_of_Greece_(1924–1941)
man named Rahere fell ill with malaria in Rome: he was taken care of by the monks of the small hospital near the church of San Bartolomeo, on the Tiber
History_of_hospitals
using the various recipes proposed by Roman apothecaries. History of malaria Timeline of malaria Jesuit's bark Therapeutice Specialis Holger Maehle, Andreas
Schedula_Romana
re-enslavement of the colony's black population, the war became a bloody struggle of atrocity and attrition. The rainy season brought yellow fever and malaria, which
History_of_Haiti
Italian physician (1633–1714)
ISBN 978-0-300-13756-9. Poser, Charles M; Bruyn, GW (1999). An illustrated history of malaria. New York: Parthenon Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85070-068-5. OCLC 40354694
Bernardino_Ramazzini
Professor of parasitology and global health scientist
is a professor of parasitology and global health scientist with research that has contributed to understanding and combating malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa
Halidou_Tinto
law of 1890 for prevention of accidents. Special measures for prevention of malaria are required in cultivation of rice by a ministerial circular of 23
History_of_labour_law
Maternal prophylactic treatments of malaria can be important when talking about the risk of congenital malaria, as the absences of these treatments can increase
Congenital_malaria
Proposed device for killing mosquitoes
malaria infection rates. In 2007, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation asked Intellectual Ventures to find a way to fight and eventually end malaria.
Mosquito_laser
for Europeans. The deadliest disease was malaria, endemic throughout Tropical Africa. In 1854, the discovery of quinine and other medical innovations helped
History_of_Africa
Some claim that the history of anorexia begins with descriptions of religious fasting dating from the Hellenistic era and continuing into the medieval
History_of_anorexia
West African population history
Rainforest Hunter-Gatherers of the Late Pleistocene Sickle-Cell Mutation Suggests Past Differences in Malaria Exposure". American Journal of Human Genetics. 104
Population history of West Africa
Population_history_of_West_Africa
defeat of the Seminoles and their removal to reservations in Oklahoma. The Seminoles had the advantage of understanding of the swamps, and made malaria a weapon
Social history of soldiers and veterans in the United States
Social_history_of_soldiers_and_veterans_in_the_United_States
settlers because of malaria, yellow fever, and other diseases, as well as skirmishes with Native Americans. However, a steady flow of immigrants, mostly
History of immigration to the United States
History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States
Italian physician
cinchona in the treatment of malaria. He prescribed a dosage that continued for a period of eight days beyond the febrile stage of malaria. As a physician, he
Francesco_Torti
Species of single-celled organism
parasite that causes malaria in humans and other primates. It is found throughout Southeast Asia, and is the most common cause of human malaria in Malaysia. Like
Plasmodium_knowlesi
truce flag in October 1837, by order of General Thomas Jesup. First imprisoned at Fort Marion, he died of malaria at Fort Moultrie in South Carolina less
History_of_Florida
"Malaria". World Health Organization. March 29, 2023. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2023. Frith, John. "History of Tuberculosis
List of epidemics and pandemics
List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics
Kursk Salient, 1943". The Journal of Military History. 85 (4): 954–979. ISSN 0899-3718. Sweeney, Tony (2003). Malaria Frontline: Australian Army Research
History_of_military_logistics
West African genetic history
genetic history of West Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of West Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway and place of dwelling
Genetic history of West Africa
Genetic_history_of_West_Africa
and mountains that run down the center of the region. This was due to the prevalence of malaria and the danger of Bedouin raids in the lowlands. The highlands
History of agriculture in Palestine
History_of_agriculture_in_Palestine
diseases such as yellow fever and malaria. Gorgas was one of the first to recognize the role of mosquitoes in the spread of these diseases and, by focusing
History_of_the_Panama_Canal
Group of drugs used against malaria
(/ˌɑːrtɪˈmiːsɪnɪn/) and its semisynthetic derivatives are a group of drugs used in the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. It was discovered in 1972
Artemisinin
Eastern African genetic history
rs334 mutation, Duffy blood group, increased rates of G6PD deficiency, sickle cell disease) to malaria has been found among Sub-Saharan Africans, which
Genetic history of Eastern Africa
Genetic_history_of_Eastern_Africa
History of the disease in British-ruled Palestine
century, multiple malaria epidemics resulted in widespread deaths. The disease severely affected large areas of Palestine, including much of the land that
Malaria in Mandatory Palestine
Malaria_in_Mandatory_Palestine
Pattern of fever
fever]. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences (in German). 11 (1): 3–22. JSTOR 23330279. PMID 2682735. Ferri, Fred F. (2009). "Malaria". Ferri's
Intermittent_fever
Annual observance (20 August)
August, is a commemoration of British doctor Sir Ronald Ross's discovery in 1897 that female anopheline mosquitoes transmit malaria between humans, thus confirming
World_Mosquito_Day
History of the current canton of Valais, Switzerland
leading to severe famines; malaria was endemic. Finally, the transit of goods via the Simplon was declining: the Kingdom of Sardinia imposed heavy taxes
History_of_Valais
Genus of mosquito
mosquitoes. Many such mosquitoes are vectors of the parasite Plasmodium, a genus of protozoans that cause malaria in birds, reptiles, and mammals, including
Anopheles
for malaria mosquitoes-and the reclamation of land for agricultural and industrial use. The historic reform of the language, which merged elements of the
History_of_Albania
fumes, as well as to prevent further outbreaks of the mosquito-borne malaria by reducing the local habitat of the Anopheles mosquito. Nevertheless, from the
History_of_cannabis_in_Italy
of the latter half of the 6th century. Here, malaria developed. The aqueducts, except for one, were not repaired. The population, without imports of grain
History_of_Rome
closer east coast). Twenty French soldiers died fighting and 6,000 died of malaria and other diseases before the second Franco-Hova War ended. In 1896 the
History_of_Madagascar
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
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HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA
HISTORY OF-MALARIA