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In theoretical physics, back-reaction (or backreaction) is often necessary to calculate the self-consistent behaviour of a particle or an object in an
Back-reaction
Reduction of substances using carbon
Carbothermic reactions are chemical reactions involving reduction of substances, often metal oxides (O2-), using carbon (C) as the reducing agent. Depending
Carbothermic_reaction
British aerospace company based in Oxfordshire, England
Reaction Engines Limited (REL) was a British aerospace manufacturer founded in 1989 and based in Oxfordshire, England. The company also operated in the
Reaction_Engines
Study of processing speed on cognitive tasks
processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations. Reaction time (RT; also
Mental_chronometry
Experiment to show chemical kinetics in action
The iodine clock reaction, sometimes called the Landolt reaction, is a classical chemical clock experiment that is performed as a mechanism to demonstrate
Iodine_clock_reaction
Chemical reaction
The Mitsunobu reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into a variety of functional groups, such as an ester, using triphenylphosphine
Mitsunobu_reaction
Non-equilibrium thermodynamic reaction
A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting
Belousov–Zhabotinsky_reaction
1794 French counter-revolution against Robespierre
the historiography of the French Revolution, the Thermidorian Reaction (French: Réaction thermidorienne or Convention thermidorienne, "Thermidorian Convention")
Thermidorian_Reaction
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
(February 2013). "Accidental SUSY: Enhanced Bulk Supersymmetry from Brane Back-reaction". JHEP. 2013 (2): 120. arXiv:1210.5405. Bibcode:2013JHEP...02..120B
Brane_cosmology
Category of polymers, in which the monomers are joined together by ester links
(150–320 °C, depending on the monomers) to prevent the back reaction. With the progress of the reaction, the concentration of active chain ends is decreasing
Polyester
Photochemical reaction
A Norrish reaction, named after Ronald George Wreyford Norrish who developed the reaction(s) during the 1930's primarily through his work at Cambridge
Norrish_reaction
Chemical reaction which converts between members of a homologous series
In organic chemistry, a homologation reaction, also known as homologization, is any chemical reaction that converts the reactant into the next member of
Homologation_reaction
water. As a result, this water can lead to unwanted back-reaction to CO2 via the water-gas shift reaction. To prevent CO2 from being formed, and consequently
Carbon_dioxide_reforming
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus. The difference in mass between the reactants and products
Nuclear_fusion
English idiom, the "last straw"
sudden reaction due to the cumulative effect of previous small actions. It alludes to the proverb "it is the last straw that breaks the camel's back". This
Straw that broke the camel's back
Straw_that_broke_the_camel's_back
Single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
for a reusable single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane by the British company Reaction Engines Limited, using SABRE, a combined-cycle, air-breathing rocket propulsion
Skylon_(spacecraft)
Self-labeling protein tag
persist as a stable covalent adduct with which there is no associated back reaction. HaloTagged fusion proteins can be expressed using standard recombinant
HaloTag
Chemical reaction
addition. The reaction type was independently reported by three research groups in 2001 -2002; one report on a similar reaction dates back to 1953. If the
A3_coupling_reaction
Nuclear fusion reaction
much more common result of proton–proton reactions within the star, and diprotons almost immediately decay back into two protons. Since the conversion of
Proton–proton_chain
Methanation process of carbon dioxide with hydrogen
The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally
Sabatier_reaction
1980 film directed by Irvin Kershner
The Empire Strikes Back (also known as Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back) is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner
The_Empire_Strikes_Back
English theoretical physicist
quantum field theory, symmetries, hidden-variables theories, quantum back-reaction, quantum Hamilton-Jacobi theory, classical-like quantum systems, and
Peter_R._Holland
Class of enzymes
or FMN. Like all catalysts, they catalyze reverse as well as forward reactions, and in some cases this has physiological significance: for example, alcohol
Dehydrogenase
Series of chemical reactions by which compounds exchange ligands
some cases, the back reaction (k−1) becomes important, and [L'] can exert an effect on the overall rate of reaction. The backward reaction k−1 therefore
Dissociative_substitution
Common defected wood
ripping a piece of reaction wood on a table saw without a splitter or riving knife installed can lead to kick back of the stock. Reaction wood also responds
Reaction_wood
Canadian physicist (b. 1965)
radiation from compact bodies orbiting black holes, to the theory of back-reaction of the emitted radiation on their motions, and to understanding the
Eric_Poisson
Field of synthetic biology
Assembly for genomes larger than 6 kb. A T5 exonuclease performs a chew-back reaction at the terminal segments, working in the 5' to 3' direction, thereby
Synthetic_genomics
Immune system response to a substance that most people tolerate well
mistakenly identifies an ordinarily harmless allergen as a threat. Allergic reactions give rise to allergic diseases such as hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis
Allergy
Chemical reaction
The Atherton-Todd reaction is a name reaction in organic chemistry, which goes back to the British chemists F. R. Atherton, H. T. Openshaw and A. R. Todd
Atherton–Todd_reaction
Defunct American rocket engine company
Reaction Motors, Inc. (RMI) was an early American maker of liquid-fueled rocket engines, located in New Jersey. RMI engines with 6,000 lbf (27 kN) thrust
Reaction_Motors
Intramolecular organic reaction in which a sigma bond is changed
In organic chemistry, a sigmatropic reaction (from Greek τρόπος (trópos) 'turn') is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one sigma bond (σ-bond)
Sigmatropic_reaction
Chemical reaction
In organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction is a chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile
Diels–Alder_reaction
American theoretical astrophysicist
Einstein equation and is responsible for the gravitational self-force back-reaction of the field on the particle generating it. This regular-singular split
Steven_Detweiler
Laboratory method for measuring enzymatic activity
perform and analyze, being relatively free from complications such as back-reaction and enzyme degradation. It is therefore by far the most commonly used
Enzyme_assay
Particle physics experiment
(storage) ring. Radiation reaction is a long-standing problem in electrodynamics. Briefly formulated it concerns the back-reaction of an emitted photon on
NA63_experiment
Color-changing redox chemical reaction
The blue bottle experiment is a color-changing redox chemical reaction. An aqueous solution containing glucose, sodium hydroxide, methylene blue is prepared
Blue_bottle_experiment
Chemical clock involving hydrogen peroxide and iodine
4 H2O and the reduction of iodate back to iodine: 5 H2O2 + 2 IO− 3 + 2 H+ → I2 + 5 O2 + 6 H2O Between these two reactions the system oscillates causing a
Bray–Liebhafsky_reaction
Assembly for genomes larger than 6 kb. A T5 exonuclease performs a chew-back reaction at the terminal segments, working in the 5' to 3' direction, thereby
Synthetic_genomes
1966 single by Count Five
"Psychotic Reaction" is the debut single by the American garage rock band Count Five, released in June 1966 on their debut studio album of the same name
Psychotic_Reaction
When one nuclear reaction causes more
physics, a nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the
Nuclear_chain_reaction
Light-independent reactions in photosynthesis
light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that
Calvin_cycle
Type of chemical reaction
A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which one element or
Single_displacement_reaction
Oscillating chemical reaction
The Briggs–Rauscher oscillating reaction is one of a small number of known oscillating chemical reactions. It is especially well suited for demonstration
Briggs–Rauscher_reaction
Class of enzymes
dehydrogenase (CODH) (EC 1.2.7.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CO + H2O + A ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CO2 + AH2 The chemical
Carbon_monoxide_dehydrogenase
Reacting chemical mixture in which the concentrations change periodically
While theoretical discussions date back to around 1910, the systematic study of oscillating chemical reactions and of the broader field of non-linear
Chemical_oscillator
Reaction in organic chemistry
In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile) and a Michael
Michael_addition_reaction
American singer (born 1950)
her most successful single release. She released two more studio albums: Reaction (1986) and R U Tuff Enuff (1988). After a seven-year hiatus, Jackson returned
Rebbie_Jackson
announced was Archbishop John (Renneteau) [ru]. On 18 October 2018, in reaction to the 15 October decision of the Russian Orthodox Church to sever communion
Reactions of the Eastern Orthodox churches to the 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
Reactions_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_churches_to_the_2018_Moscow–Constantinople_schism
Loss of control of an exothermal process due to temperature increases
organic chemistry. It is a process by which an exothermic reaction goes out of control: the reaction rate increases due to an increase in temperature, causing
Thermal_runaway
Effect of alcohol consumption on the human body
Alcohol flush reaction is a condition in which a person develops flushes or blotches associated with erythema on the face, neck, shoulders, ears, and in
Alcohol_flush_reaction
saw one man passing out celebratory candy, who justified his positive reaction by citing US support for Israel, while another Palestinian man expressed
Reactions to the September 11 attacks
Reactions_to_the_September_11_attacks
representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reactions were mixed, and the global community continues to be divided on the issue
Romania's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Romania's_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence
Behavioral disorder due to war trauma
Combat stress reaction (CSR) or combat neurosis is acute behavioral disorganization as a direct result of the trauma of war. Also known as "combat fatigue"
Combat_stress_reaction
Chemical reaction mechanism
the inversion of a stereogenic center in a chiral molecule in a chemical reaction. Since a molecule can form two enantiomers around a stereogenic center
Walden_inversion
Medical condition
low-certainty evidence for no adverse reaction compared to placebo. Systemic corticosteriods are sometimes suggested for low back pain and may have a small benefit
Low_back_pain
The following article details the reactions, both local and international, to the Philippine drug war. Senator Risa Hontiveros, an opponent of Duterte
Reactions to the Philippine drug war
Reactions_to_the_Philippine_drug_war
Ecuadorian footballer (born 2002)
2002) is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or left-back for Premier League club Arsenal and the Ecuador national team. Hincapié
Piero_Hincapié
The international reaction to the Russo-Georgian War covered many nations, non-governmental organisations, and non-state actors. The conflict began in
International reaction to the Russo-Georgian War
International_reaction_to_the_Russo-Georgian_War
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons
Nuclear_fission
Study of the rates of chemical reactions
also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different
Chemical_kinetics
Chemical reaction mechanism
C-LG (leaving group) bond from the back, where the benzene ring lies. It follows the general rule for which SN2 reactions occur only at a tetrahedral carbon
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Nucleophilic_aromatic_substitution
Chemical reaction
The ketimine Mannich reaction is an asymmetric synthetic technique using differences in starting material to push a Mannich reaction to create an enantiomeric
Ketimine_Mannich_reaction
American singer and actor (1935–1977)
movement was a natural thing, but he was also very conscious of what got a reaction. He'd do something one time and then he would expand on it real quick."
Elvis_Presley
Medical condition
transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a type of adverse reaction to a blood transfusion. DHTR is the later-onset manifestation of hemolytic transfusion reaction, which
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Delayed_hemolytic_transfusion_reaction
Reactor B meson B − L BaBar experiment Baby brane Bach tensor Back-reaction Back pressure Back scattering alignment Background-oriented schlieren technique
Index_of_physics_articles_(B)
Complication of blood transfusion
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR), also called immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction, is a life-threatening reaction to receiving a blood transfusion
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Acute_hemolytic_transfusion_reaction
representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the global community continues to be divided on the issue
Greece's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Greece's_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence
Deliberately complex contraption
Goldberg machine, named after American cartoonist Rube Goldberg, is a chain reaction–type machine or contraption intentionally designed to perform a simple
Rube_Goldberg_machine
Reactive force occurring with every action (Newton's 3rd law of motion)
opposite reaction force on the first. The third law is also more generally stated as: "To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or the
Reaction_(physics)
Chemical rearrangement
trimethylsilyl iodide among others. The Beckmann fragmentation is another reaction that often competes with the rearrangement, though careful selection of
Beckmann_rearrangement
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
integral Hill reaction Integrated fluorometer Light-dependent reaction Organic reaction Photobiology Photoinhibition Photosynthetic reaction center Photosynthetically
Photosynthesis
Around the world, there were shocked reactions to the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the President of the United States, on Friday, November 22, 1963
Reactions to the assassination of John F. Kennedy
Reactions_to_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy
Chemical reaction
four possible electrophilic aliphatic substitution reaction mechanisms are SE1, SE2(front), SE2(back) and SEi (Substitution Electrophilic), which are also
Electrophilic_substitution
Reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor
The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H2O ⇌ CO2 + H2
Water–gas_shift_reaction
American professional wrestler (1953–2025)
reputation was negatively affected, a view reflected in the mixed public reaction to his death in 2025. Hogan was born Terry Gene Bollea in Augusta, Georgia
Hulk_Hogan
Portuguese footballer (born 1983)
reação lateral, em vantagem numérica" [Benfica, from scare to full-back reaction, overmanned] (in Portuguese). Mais Futebol. Archived from the original
Eliseu
Cable ferry that uses river current for propulsion
A reaction ferry is a cable ferry that uses the reaction of the current of a river against a fixed tether to propel the vessel across the water. Such ferries
Reaction_ferry
Complex where conversion of light energy to chemical energy takes place
A photosynthetic reaction center is a complex of several proteins, biological pigments, and other co-factors that together execute the primary energy conversion
Photosynthetic reaction centre
Photosynthetic_reaction_centre
Chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid
Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid. This process mainly takes place in the liver
Transamination
critical injuries. Aftermath of the September 11 attacks International reactions to the Gaza war Massacres, hostage taking, and mass imprisonment during
Violent incidents in reaction to the Gaza war
Violent_incidents_in_reaction_to_the_Gaza_war
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
μεταβολή metabolē, "change") refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur within living organisms. The three main functions of metabolism
Metabolism
Reactions of organocopper reagents involve species containing copper-carbon bonds acting as nucleophiles in the presence of organic electrophiles. Organocopper
Reactions of organocopper reagents
Reactions_of_organocopper_reagents
International reaction to the Gaza War 2008–2009 came from many countries and international organisations. International reaction to the conflict was
International reactions to the Gaza War (2008–2009)
International_reactions_to_the_Gaza_War_(2008–2009)
Chemical reaction to produce organic compounds
intramolecular Heck reaction (IMHR) in chemistry is the coupling of an aryl or alkenyl halide with an alkene in the same molecule. The reaction may be used to
Intramolecular_Heck_reaction
representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the world community continues to be divided on the issue
Russia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Russia's_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence
Hong Kong television series
Armed Reaction (Chinese: 陀槍師姐; Jyutping: to4 coeng1 si1 ze2) is a 1998 Hong Kong modern cop drama produced by TVB. The drama stars Bobby Au-yeung and Esther
Armed_Reaction
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
method of electric power generation from heat released by nuclear fusion reactions. In fusion, two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
Fusion_power
Device that extracts energy from a fluid flow
steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to
Turbine
Chemical reaction for synthesizing C–N bonds
Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a chemical reaction for the synthesis of carbon–nitrogen bonds via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of amines with aryl halides
Buchwald–Hartwig_amination
Reaction sequence in organic chemistry
beta-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone hydrolysis of the enamine back to a ketone However, the reaction applies to a wide variety of electrophiles. Acyl halides
Stork_enamine_alkylation
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
which had been produced either by the overheated steam-zirconium reaction or by the reaction of red-hot graphite with steam that produced hydrogen and carbon
Chernobyl_disaster
The following are international reactions to the South Sudanese Civil War: Egypt - Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy stated that over the past few
International reaction to the South Sudanese Civil War
International_reaction_to_the_South_Sudanese_Civil_War
Mechanism for unimolecular reactions
the Lindemann–Hinshelwood mechanism) is a schematic reaction mechanism for unimolecular reactions. Frederick Lindemann and J. A. Christiansen proposed
Lindemann_mechanism
Strongly oxidizing solution of hydrogen peroxide mixed with dissolved iron as catalyst
dioxide and water. Reaction (1) was suggested by Haber and Weiss in the 1930s as part of what would become the Haber–Weiss reaction. Iron(II) sulfate is
Fenton's_reagent
Reaction using Wilkinson's catalyst
Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction is a method for the decarbonylation of aldehydes and some acyl chlorides. The reaction name recognizes Jirō Tsuji
Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction
Tsuji–Wilkinson_decarbonylation_reaction
representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the world community continues to be divided on the issue
Indonesia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Indonesia's_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence
Topics referred to by the same term
Backdoor pilot, the use of existing series in assessing potential audience reaction to a proposed television series Backdoor breaking ball, a type of pitch
Back_door
Hong Kong television series
Armed Reaction IV (Chinese: 陀槍師姐 IV; Jyutping: to4 coeng1 si1 ze2 IV) is a Hong Kong modern cop drama released overseas in August 2003. The drama stars
Armed_Reaction_IV
International reactions to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen were mixed. Most other Arab League nations and several Western governments backed the Saudi
International reactions to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen (2015–present)
International_reactions_to_the_Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen_(2015–present)
American football player and actor (1947–2024)
appreciation, O.J. Simpson's death elicits wide range of reactions". Los Angeles Times. April 12, 2024. "Reaction to the death of O.J. Simpson". ABC News. Associated
O._J._Simpson
BACK REACTION
BACK REACTION
Male
English
From the American English pet name for a "high-spirited young man," from the vocabulary word buck, BUCK means "male deer or goat."
Boy/Male
Scottish
Bank.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a man with some fancied resemblance to a he-goat (Old English bucc(a)) or a male deer (Old English bucc). Old English Bucc(a) is found as a personal name, as is Old Norse Bukkr. Names such as Walter le Buk (Somerset 1243) are clearly nicknames.English : topographic name for someone who lived near a prominent beech tree, such as Peter atte Buk (Suffolk 1327), from Middle English buk ‘beech’ (from Old English bÅc).German : from a personal name, a short form of Burckhard (see Burkhart).North German and Danish : nickname for a fat man, from Middle Low German bÅ«k ‘belly’. Compare Bauch.German : variant of Bock.German : variant of Puck in the sense ‘defiant’, ‘spiteful’, or ‘stubborn’.German : topographic name from a field name, Buck ‘hill’.Emanuel Buck came from England to Plymouth Colony in the 1640s and in 1647 settled in Wethersfield, CT.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream, Middle High German bach ‘stream’. This surname is established throughout central Europe and in Scandinavia, not just in Germany.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Bach ‘stream’, ‘creek’.English : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream, Middle English bache.Welsh : distinguishing epithet from Welsh bach ‘little’, ‘small’.Norwegian : Americanized spelling of the topographic name Bakk(e) ‘hillside’ (see Bakke).Polish, Czech, and Slovak : from the personal name Bach, a pet form of Bartomolaeus (Polish Bartłomiej, Czech Bartoloměj, Slovak Bartolomej (see Bartholomew) or possibly in some cases of Baltazar or Sebastian).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English bakke ‘back’ (Old English bæc), hence a nickname for someone with a hunched back or some other noticeable peculiarity of the back or spine, or a topographic name for someone who lived on a hill or ridge, or at the rear of a settlement.English : from the Old English personal name Bacca, which was still in use in the 12th century. It is of uncertain origin, but may have been a byname in the same sense as 1.English : nickname from Middle English bakke ‘bat’ (apparently of Scandinavian origin), from some fancied resemblance to the animal.Altered spelling of Bach 1, 2, or 6.North German : from Middle Low German back ‘kneading trough’, hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made or used such vessels.Americanized spelling of Norwegian Bakk(e) (see Bakke).
Surname or Lastname
English (Kentish)
English (Kentish) : from a medieval personal name, Pack, possibly a survival of the Old English personal name Pacca, although this is found only as a place name element and appears to have died out fairly early on in the Old English period. The Middle English personal name is more likely to be a derivative of the Latin Christian name Paschalis (see Pascal).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a wholesale trader, from German Pack ‘package’ (see Packer).Anglicized form of Dutch Pak.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean American Hebrew Polish English
Henry VI, Part 2' Jack Cade, a rebel.
Male
English
Short form of English Zackary, ZACK means "whom Jehovah remembered."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English bark ‘bark’ (Old Norse bǫrkr), hence a metonymic occupation name for a tanner. See also Barker.North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a birch tree or in a birch wood, from berke ‘birch’, or alternatively for someone who lived on a mountain (see Barg).Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : of uncertain origin, perhaps a variant of Barak.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for a man with some fancied resemblance to a he-goat, Middle High German boc, or a habitational name from a house distinguished by the sign of a goat.Altered spelling of German Böck (see Boeck) or Bach.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Bock ‘he-goat’.English : variant of Buck.
Male
English
Originally a short form of surnames, mostly Scottish, beginning with Mac-, MACK means "son of," it is now sometimes given as a forename.Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived beside a stream, from northern Middle English bekke ‘stream’ (Old Norse bekkr).English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France, for example Bec Hellouin in Eure, named with Old Norman French bec ‘stream’, from the same Old Norse root as in 1.English : probably a nickname for someone with a prominent nose, from Middle English beke ‘beak (of a bird)’ (Old French bec).English : metonymic occupational name for a maker, seller, or user of mattocks or pickaxes, from Old English becca. In some cases the name may represent a survival of an Old English byname derived from this word.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a baker, a cognate of Baker, from (older) South German beck, West Yiddish bek. Some Jewish bearers of the name claim that it is an acronym of Hebrew ben-kedoshim ‘son of martyrs’, i.e. a name taken by one whose parents had been martyred for being Jews.North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream, from Low German Beke ‘stream’. Compare the High German form Bach 1.Scandinavian : habitational name for someone from a farmstead named Bekk, Bæk, or Bäck, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a stream.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of sacks or bags, from Old English sacc, Middle High German sack, German Sack ‘sack’. Bahlow also suggests someone who carried sacks.German : topographic from Middle High German sack ‘sack’, ‘end of a valley or area of cultivation’.Dutch : from a reduced form of the personal name Zacharias.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from an acronym of the Hebrew phrase Zera Keshodim ‘Seed of the Holy’ (referring to martyred ancestors), or from a short form of the personal name Isaac.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : variant of Backhus.Latvian (Baks) : derivative of the German surname.English : patronymic from Back 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name, Dæcca.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a roofer, from dack, a variant of deck ‘roof’. Compare De decker.
Male
English
Probably originally an Anglicized form of French Jacques, JACK means "supplanter," it is now considered a pet form of English John, meaning "God is gracious."
Surname or Lastname
German, Dutch, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German, Dutch, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German or Middle Low German banc, or Yiddish bank ‘bench’, ‘table’, ‘counter’, in any of various senses, e.g. a metonymic occupational name for anyone whose work required a bench or counter, for example a butcher, baker, court official, or money changer.Danish and Swedish : topographic name from bank ‘(sand)bank’ or a habitational name from a farm named with this word.Danish and Swedish : from bank ‘noise’, hence a nickname for a loud or noisy person. Compare Bang.Danish : habitational name from the German place name Bänkau.English : probably a variant of Banks.Americanized spelling of Polish Bąk, literally ‘horsefly’; perhaps a nickname for an irritating person.Hungarian (Bánk) : from a pet form of the old secular personal name Bán.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Celebrity, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Indian, Jamaican, Latin, Polish, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil
God is Gracious; Son of Jack; He who Supplants; Diminutive of Jack; Supplanter
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and English
Scottish and English : from Middle English blak(e) ‘black’ (Old English blæc, blaca), a nickname given from the earliest times to a swarthy or dark-haired man.Scottish and English : from Old English blÄc ‘pale’, ‘fair’, i.e. precisely the opposite meaning to 1, and a variant of Blake 2. Blake and Black are found more or less interchangeably in several surnames and place names.English : variant of Blanc as a Norman name. The pronunciation of the nasalized vowel gave considerable difficulty to English speakers, and its quality was often ignored.Scottish and Irish : translation of various names from Gaelic dubh ‘black’ (see Duff).Danish and Swedish : generally, probably the English and Scottish name, but in some cases perhaps a variant spelling of Blak, a nickname from blak ‘black’.In some cases, a translation of various names meaning ‘black’, for example German and Jewish Schwarz.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : occupational name for a peddler (see Haack 1).North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a hedge (see Heck 2).North German : perhaps also a topographic name from hach, hack ‘dirty, boggy water’.Frisian, Dutch, and North German : from a Frisian personal name, Hake.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name from Yiddish hak ‘axe’.English : variant of Hake 1.George Hack (c. 1623–c. 1665) was born in Cologne, Germany, of a Schleswig-Holstein family, and emigrated to New Amsterdam where he practiced medicine and entered the VA tobacco trade. Colony records show that he and his wife, Anna, were formally made naturalized citizens of VA in 1658. He had two daughters, neither of whom married, and two sons: George Nicholas Hack, the founder of the Norfolk branch of the family; and Peter, for many years a member of the VA House of Burgesses, the founder of the Maryland branch. Hack’s descendants eventually changed the spelling of the name to Heck.
BACK REACTION
BACK REACTION
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
He who is Content
Girl/Female
Australian, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Healed by God; Healer
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Money; Russian Currency
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived on a heath (Middle English hethe, Old English hǣð) or a habitational name from any of the numerous places, for example in Bedfordshire, Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, and West Yorkshire, named with this word. The same word also denoted heather, the characteristic plant of heathland areas. This surname has also been established in Dublin since the late 16th century.
Male
Egyptian
, the son of the royal officer Piai.
Boy/Male
Indian
Marksman
Boy/Male
English American Italian Spanish
From the dene.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Excellent. Noble.
Female
Finnish
Feminine counterpart of Finnish Ukko, AKKA means "old lady."
Girl/Female
German
God's Promise; Noble; Nobility; Form of Alice
BACK REACTION
BACK REACTION
BACK REACTION
BACK REACTION
BACK REACTION
v. i.
To write upon the back of; as, to back a letter; to indorse; as, to back a note or legal document.
v. t.
To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
v. i.
To move or go backward; as, the horse refuses to back.
adv.
In, to, or toward, the rear; as, to stand back; to step back.
n.
To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts).
n.
A garment for the back; hence, clothing.
adv.
In concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; as, to keep back the truth; to keep back part of the money due to another.
adv.
In arrear; as, to be back in one's rent.
n.
The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed to the inner or lower part; as, the back of the hand, the back of the foot, the back of a hand rail.
v. i.
To get upon the back of; to mount.
a.
Being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; as, the back door; back settlements.
n.
The part opposed to the front; the hinder or rear part of a thing; as, the back of a book; the back of an army; the back of a chimney.
a.
Being in arrear; overdue; as, back rent.
n.
A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack.
v. i.
To place or seat upon the back.
adv.
To a former state, condition, or station; as, to go back to private life; to go back to barbarism.
v. i.
To make a back for; to furnish with a back; as, to back books.
adv.
To the place from which one came; to the place or person from which something is taken or derived; as, to go back for something left behind; to go back to one's native place; to put a book back after reading it.
v. i.
To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
a.
Moving or operating backward; as, back action.