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Exchange of classical and pre-classical artifacts
The antiquities trade is the exchange of antiquities and archaeological artifacts from around the world. This trade may be illicit or completely legal
Antiquities_trade
British art dealer (1931–2020)
He was charged with fraud in 2019 for falsifying the origins of traded antiquities. Since his death in 2020, millions of dollars' worth of artefacts
Douglas_Latchford
Italian art dealer
photographs of stolen antiquities in the glove compartment of his car, which directly linked Camera to a recent theft of valuable antiquities from an Italian
Giacomo_Medici_(art_dealer)
2025 documentary film
film directed by Don Millar. The film investigates Cambodia's looted antiquities trade, focusing on figures like "Blue Tiger," a former child soldier turned
Loot: A Story of Crime and Redemption
Loot:_A_Story_of_Crime_and_Redemption
Large art storage facility
but has since come under scrutiny for its complicity in the looted antiquities trade and money-laundering schemes. The facility's holdings, especially
Geneva_Freeport
Manufacture of supposedly ancient items
important places and supply the antiquities market are rarely concerned with exact dating and placement of the items. Antiquities dealers may also embellish
Archaeological_forgery
American archaeologist (1931–2022)
"Collecting ancient artifacts — antiquities — is inherently immoral and unethical." Muscarella saw the collecting of illegal antiquities by individuals and institutions
Oscar_White_Muscarella
Objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean
forever. Trading of antiquities can be legal or illegal. The looting of archaeological sites or museums to supply the black market in antiquities poses a
Antiquities
American lawyer
traffickers, seized more than 4000 antiquities valued at more than $200 million, and repatriated more than 2000 antiquities to almost two dozen countries.
Matthew_Bogdanos
Golden objects made by the Quimbaya culture, dated around 1000 CE
Honduras, and a Market Analysis For Its Antiquities". Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade. University Press of Florida. pp. 147–172
Quimbaya_artifacts
Archaeological artefacts looted during conflict
organizations such as the Antiquities Coalition as a way to illicitly profit off of Ukraine's loss of cultural identity. In Yemen, blood antiquities have been used
Blood_antiquities
British disgraced antiquities dealer (1939–2023)
October 2023) was a British antiquities dealer who was unmasked as a key player in an international criminal network that traded in looted archaeological
Robin_Symes
Body of papyri from Graeco-Roman Egypt
100s BCE to the 400s CE. The manuscripts came to light through the antiquities trade, from the 18th century onward. One of the best known of these texts
Greek_Magical_Papyri
American archaeologist (born 1959)
Yangguanzhai site. He was appointed by Barack Obama to an anti–illicit antiquities trade advisory committee in 2012. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship
Lothar_von_Falkenhausen
spent discussing and analyzing the problems of stopping the illegal trade in antiquities. He talks about how the problem is not just smugglers, it goes into
Thieves_of_Baghdad
Government department
of Antiquities is a government department with responsibility for cultural heritage management, archaeological research and regulating antiquities trading
Department_of_Antiquities
Roman panel painting
Egypt during this period. Later on the tondo re-emerged from the antiquities trade; the provenance is unknown before entering the Antikensammlung Berlin
Severan_Tondo
Non-governmental organization working to stop the looting and trafficking of antiquities
The Antiquities Coalition (AC) is a non-governmental organization working to stop the looting and trafficking of antiquities. It is headquartered in Washington
Antiquities_Coalition
Archaeological looting occurring in Iraq
and destruction of antiquities in its territories. This included Mesopotamia. The law defined a broad range of objects as antiquities, declared them state
Archaeological looting in Iraq
Archaeological_looting_in_Iraq
Indigenous group in present-day Colombia
Honduras, and a Market Analysis For Its Antiquities". Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade. University Press of Florida. pp. 147–172
Quimbaya
Branch of archaeological philosophy
international trade in antiquities has also raised ethical questions regarding the ownership of archaeological artifacts. The market for imported antiquities has
Archaeological_ethics
Antiquities dealer
He maintained friendly relations with other diplomats engaged in antiquities trade like Robert Hamilton Lang and Luigi Palma di Cesnola. The correspondence
Georges_Colonna_Ceccaldi
agricultural and land-leveling, and commercial looting to fuel the antiquities trade. By the 1970s the extent of archaeological site loss was increasing
The Archaeological Conservancy
The_Archaeological_Conservancy
Index of articles associated with the same name
trade (between antiquity and the mid-20th-century) Saqaliba Prague slave trade Khazar slave trade Volga Bulgarian slave trade Black Sea slave trade Bukhara
Arab_slave_trade
Implications, Michigan: Ann Arbour Penhallurick, R.D. (1986), Tin in Antiquity: its Mining and Trade Throughout the Ancient World with Particular Reference to Cornwall
Tin sources and trade during antiquity
Tin_sources_and_trade_during_antiquity
Exchange of goods and services
Trade is the act by which people take something of value (such as products, resources, money) in exchange for something they give in value. It is pre-agreed
Trade
Middle East. The Black Sea slave trade was a center of the slave trade between Europe and the rest of the world from antiquity until the 19th century. One
Black_Sea_slave_trade
success. — T.G. Wakeling, Forged Egyptian antiquities (1912) A law passed in 1912 restricted the export of antiquities out of Egypt. The resulting decline of
Stone vessels in ancient Egypt
Stone_vessels_in_ancient_Egypt
Slave trade between Africa and the West
The Atlantic slave trade, also referred to as transatlantic slave trade (or trans-Atlantic slave trade), involved the transportation by slave traders
Atlantic_slave_trade
Israeli law
Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), wanted to ban antiquities trade, which he said creates demand that feeds theft. The authority oversees antiquities, supervises
Antiquities Law of the State of Israel of 1978
Antiquities_Law_of_the_State_of_Israel_of_1978
Danish egyptologist (born 1970)
project on ancient ink as technology. He has also written a book on antiquities trade with Fredrik Norland Hagen. Ryholt's study makes note of numerous
Kim_Ryholt
Sumerian/cuneiform tablet
between 1931 and 1939, and was subsequently sold as part of the illegal antiquities trade out of Iraq. The tablet was held by anonymous collectors until it
Ushi_Narrative_Tablet
British intellectual historian (born 1943)
2000 article for the New Statesman he argued that forgeries in the antiquities trade remained a serious problem, with fake ancient artefacts even making
Peter Watson (intellectual historian)
Peter_Watson_(intellectual_historian)
Trading post of classical antiquity
An emporium refers to a trading post, factory, or market of classical antiquity, derived from ἐμπόριον empórion, which becomes emporium in Latin. The
Emporium_(antiquity)
Chemical element with atomic number 78 (Pt)
platinum artifacts from the area were bought secondhand through the antiquities trade rather than obtained by direct archeological excavation. To work the
Platinum
American legal scholar and art crime investigator
Matthew Bogdanos on major cases related to art crime, the illicit antiquities trade, and looted art. She has been instrumental in the return of numerous
Apsara_Iyer
Provenance Researcher
object's ownership history to dealers associated with the illicit antiquities trade. The Gilbert Trust for the Arts returned the ewer to Turkey in 2021
Jacques_Schuhmacher
looted antiquities. Much of the trade takes place on Facebook. Press, Michael (2019-07-11). "How Social Media is Allowing for Illegal Antiquities Trafficking"
Antiquities Trafficking and Heritage Anthropology Research Project
Antiquities_Trafficking_and_Heritage_Anthropology_Research_Project
National archaeological museum of the Netherlands
collections from both within and outside Leiden to the university's antiquities. Antiquities from the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam were transferred to Leiden with
Rijksmuseum_van_Oudheden
Greek antiquarian and antiquities dealer (1823–1898)
(1823 – 13 December [O.S. 1 December] 1898) was a Greek archaeologist, antiquities dealer and university professor. He has been described as "the most important
Athanasios_Rhousopoulos
Archeologist
developed a framework for the global illicit trade in antiquities. Her interest in illicit antiquities began in 2003, when she worked at a Maya archaeological
Donna_Yates_(professor)
British diplomat and antiquities trader (1821–1896)
British banker, diplomat and antiquities trader. He is known for his role in procuring objects, particularly Graeco-Roman antiquities, for the British Museum
Charles_Merlin
Italian archaeologist and antiquarian
closely involved with the antiquities trade. He was the author of numerous publications on ancient Roman sculpture and antiquities, guides to the monuments
Francesco_Ficoroni
History museum in Cairo, Egypt
Youssef Diaa Effendi, the director of the Department of Antiquities, began inspecting the antiquities of Middle Egypt shortly after assuming his position
Egyptian_Museum
United States federal law
The act also strengthened anti-money laundering regulations for the antiquities trade. The deadline to disclose beneficial ownership was January 1, 2025
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2021
Trade among three ports or regions
Triangular trade or triangle trade is trade between three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that
Triangular_trade
end of Todros' life, his antiquities business was taken over by his son Zaki Mohareb Todros. Muhammad Mohassib, antiquities dealer in Luxor (1843–1928)
Mohareb_Todros
Collection of Jewish manuscripts
encourages academic interest, thus further incentivizing the illegal antiquities trade. Other scholars advocate for the analysis and mass distribution of
Afghan_Geniza
1975–2010 mystery novels by Barbara Mertz
an enigmatic criminal mastermind who runs an illicit underground antiquities trade, stealing artifacts from tombs, which puts him at odds with the Emersons
Amelia_Peabody_series
Trade involving fossils
financier Kenneth Griffin and became the most expensive fossil ever sold. Antiquities trade List of dinosaur specimens sold at auction Milmo, Cahal (2009-11-25)
Fossil_trade
Artifacts purported to challenge historical chronology
Honduras, and a Market Analysis For Its Antiquities", Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade, University Press of Florida, pp. 147–172
Out-of-place_artifact
Contubernium Ancillae Black Sea slave trade Red Sea slave trade Trans-Saharan slave trade Bukhara slave trade Sogdian slave trade "Ancient Slavery". Ditext.com
Slavery_in_antiquity
2nd-century BCE Greek inscription from Maresha, Israel
the antiquities market. The stele's provenance is derived from two different sources: fragments A and B emerged through the illegal antiquities trade, while
Heliodorus_stele
slave trade in the Indian Ocean started 4,000 years ago, it expanded significantly in late antiquity with the rise of Byzantine and Sassanid trading enterprises
Indian_Ocean_slave_trade
World Kerala Assembly
attendance of Anitha Pullayil, an NRI who was allegedly involved in fake antiquities trade in the meets. The opposition which was largely supportive of all editions
Loka_Kerala_Sabha
American antiquities art dealer (1919–2012)
American antiquities art dealer based in Paris. He was on trial in Italy starting in 2005 on charges of conspiring to traffic in looted antiquities artifacts
Robert_E._Hecht
Slave trade 1960s
The Red Sea slave trade was a Muslim slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking Black Africans from Sub-Saharan Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and the
Red_Sea_slave_trade
code 9701 code to rank the USA's biggest trading partners in art. Antiquities trade Black market Fine Art Trade Guild World Intellectual Property Organization
International trade in fine art
International_trade_in_fine_art
c. 650–1930 CE slave trade
and black slaves were known to ancient Syriac authors. In late antiquity the trade seems to have intensified; a 6th century merchant from Alexandria
Trans-Saharan_slave_trade
by several Muslim arts dealers who were then engaged in arts and antiquities trade. Since then, membership has gone from about 180 to more than 300.
Hong Kong Art Craft Merchants Association
Hong_Kong_Art_Craft_Merchants_Association
Ancient synagogue in Gaza Strip, Palestine
"Looting and 'Salvaging': How the Wall, illegal digging and the antiquities trade are ravaging Palestinian cultural heritage". Jerusalem Quarterly.
Gaza_synagogue
provenance was auctioned by Christie's in 2010 for $20,000. Gigaku Bugaku Antiquities trade Nishikawa Kyōtarō (1978). Bugaku Masks. Kodansha. pp. 96 f. ISBN 0870113127
Gyōdō
Art museum in Atlanta, Georgia
illegal antiquities and admitted to acting as a fence for Hecht. A headless statue bought in 2003 was provenanced to Gianfranco Becchina, an antiquities' dealer
Michael_C._Carlos_Museum
ethical acquisition of materials and to deter looting and illicit antiquities trading. Froelich Rainey, director of the Penn Museum, presented the declaration
Pennsylvania_Declaration
Art that was taken illicitly
artifacts, mostly because of commercial reasons), illicit antiquities (covertly traded antiquities or artifacts of archaeological interest, found in illegal
Looted_art
Age of the ancient Greeks and Romans
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history
Classical_antiquity
Mexican forger
work as genuine Mexican antiquities; buyers did not ask many questions since they were buying contraband — taking antiquities out of Mexico is illegal
Brígido_Lara
Post-classical antiquity in western Eurasia and Northern Africa
through conquest and the disruption of Mediterranean trade routes — the cataclysmic end of late antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. On the other
Late_antiquity
with amateur societies. Excluded are persons who are active in the antiquities trade; Student Membership: for students at recognized educational institutions
International Association of Egyptologists
International_Association_of_Egyptologists
Act of uncovering a tomb or crypt to steal artifacts or personal effects
charges) were placed upon the lower-class grave robbers. Today's antiquities trade has become a streamlined industry, the speed at which these artifacts
Grave_robbery
Greek Archaeological Service official
archaeological looting and the illegal trade in antiquities, and to persuade citizens to hand over antiquities, particularly those acquired illegally
Ephor_(archaeology)
Historical period of globalization
partook in trading were bound together by sea lanes, rivers, and great overland trade routes, some of which had been in use since antiquity. Trading was broken
Archaic_globalization
Italian police unit for art crimes
Division Looted art Archaeological looting in Iraq Art repatriation Antiquities trade "Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale - Introduzione".
Carabinieri_Art_Squad
2015). "India's antiquities laws: an antiquated relic?". Trusts & Trustees. 21 (1–2): 75–85. doi:10.1093/tandt/ttu221. "Antiquities and Art Treasures
Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
Antiquities_and_Art_Treasures_Act,_1972
Eunuchs in Antiquity and Beyond. Classical Press of Wales and Duckworth. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-7156-3129-4. Olivia Remie Constable (1996). Trade and Traders
History_of_slavery
Colonies founded from a mother-city during the classical period
Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0775-5. Flavius Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews, 1.15.1 – via Wikisource. "Ancient Jewish Diaspora". My
Colonies_in_antiquity
City in Lebanon
ancient cultural heritage include development pressures and the illegal antiquities trade. A highway, planned for 2011, was expected to be built in areas that
Tyre,_Lebanon
Museum in Okayama, Japan
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Okayama Orient Museum. Orient Antiquities trade Miho Museum Okayama Station "Museum Information" (in Japanese). Okayama
Okayama_Orient_Museum
Caves in the West Bank
also often linked with Qumran. Shrine of the Book Rockefeller Museum Antiquities trade Abu-Baker, Aseil; Farah, Marya (1 February 2020). "Established Practice:
Qumran_Caves
Village in Mafraq Governorate, Jordan
bits of jewelry, all of which quickly find their way into the global antiquities trade." A request for UNESCO world heritage status was submitted in 2022
Umm_el-Jimal
British Egyptologist
Abydos Temple of Seti I and draughtswoman for the Department of Egyptian Antiquities. She is known for her belief that in a previous life she had been a priestess
Dorothy_Eady
Suspected art forgery workshop
modern workshop and, in some cases, links them to known dealers in the antiquities trade. His claims have been disseminated both in academic contexts and in
Spanish Master (art forgery hypothesis)
Spanish_Master_(art_forgery_hypothesis)
Collection of objects for study
described verbally. List of academic databases and search engines Antiquities trade Archive Open source Open access Private museum Information repository
Reference_collection
American learned society in Virginia, U.S.
issues addressed from the 1970s through the 1980s included illegal antiquities trade, the insertion of religious beliefs into social science texts, the
American Anthropological Association
American_Anthropological_Association
German art historian
With the onset of the 1923 economic crisis, he turned to work in antiquities trade for Adolf Gottschewski [de], the subsequent co-director of the Dr
Kurt_Erdmann
Cypriot cultural heritage advocate
including the Order of St Barnabas from the Church of Cyprus. Illicit antiquities trade Cultural heritage preservation Michel van Rijn "Church Treasures of
Tasoula_Hadjitofi
Slave trade in Bukhara until the 19th century
Bukhara slave trade refers to the historical slave trade conducted in the city of Bukhara in Central Asia (present-day Uzbekistan) from antiquity until the
Bukhara_slave_trade
Italian architect, United Nations diplomat
Retrieved 25 May 2021. "Looting of Libyan treasure highlights illicit antiquities trade". CNN. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2021. "Pompéi, patrimoine
Francesco_Bandarin
Heritage register of the federal government of Brazil
prevent the export of historic objects from Brazil to the international antiquities trade and the demolition of buildings and monuments as part of the rapid
National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage
National_Institute_of_Historic_and_Artistic_Heritage
Art museum in Japan
museum that collects and exhibits the collection of Mokichi Okada. Antiquities trade Lindelauf, Perrin (March 8, 2009). "Luck, trickery and treasure in
Miho_Museum
Economy of Arabia before Islam
-- Periodicals, Bible -- Abridgments -- Antiquities, Bible -- Antiquities, Bible -- Periodicals -- Antiquities, Excavations (Archaeology) -- Periodicals
Economy_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
which information on whether it was sold is not available. Fossil trade Antiquities trade Named in honor of the discoverer Price includes buyer's premium
List of dinosaur specimens sold at auction
List_of_dinosaur_specimens_sold_at_auction
second-generation antiquities dealer specializing in Greek and Roman ancient art. Its works of art have been purchased by arts and antiquities private collectors
Phoenix_Ancient_Art
2025 economic policy by Donald Trump
a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits. This order declared a
Liberation_Day_tariffs
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Slave Trade Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1. c. 36), or the Abolition of Slave Trade Act 1807, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prohibiting
Slave_Trade_Act_1807
Historic international commerce
nutmeg, star anise, clove, and turmeric, were known and used in antiquity and traded in the Eastern world. These spices found their way into the Near
Spice_trade
Egyptian Egyptologist (born 1947)
leadership and the transformation of the Egyptian Antiquities Organization into the Supreme Council of Antiquities. He was promoted to Undersecretary of the State
Zahi_Hawass
world. When the trans-Saharan slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade and Atlantic slave trade (which started in the 16th century)
Slavery_in_Africa
Ancient rock-cut historical city in Jordan
works by the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 1985 Restoration works at the Qasr El Bint Temple by the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 1990–1998 Excavation
Petra
looted and their wall paintings detached to supply the international antiquities trade. Among them is the Church of St. Evphemianos in Lysi: the thirteenth-century
List of painted churches in Cyprus
List_of_painted_churches_in_Cyprus
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