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Star in its early stage of evolution
Young stellar object (YSO) denotes a star in its early stage of evolution. This class consists of two groups of objects: protostars and pre-main-sequence
Young_stellar_object
Astronomical object without the mass to sustain hydrogen fusion
constant. Substellar objects like brown dwarfs do not have enough mass to fuse hydrogen and helium, hence do not undergo the usual stellar evolution that limits
Substellar_object
Early stage in the process of star formation
protostar is a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. It is the earliest phase in the process of stellar evolution. For
Protostar
Emission nebula in the constellation of Vela
the stars in RCW 36 are at an early stage of stellar evolution where they are known as young stellar objects or pre-main-sequence stars. These stars are
RCW_36
Small patches of nebulosity associated with newly born stars
3847/0004-6256/152/6/186. S2CID 58923690. 186. Zealey, W. J. (1992). "Young Stellar Objects and Herbig–Haro Objects". Australian Journal of Physics. 45 (4): 487–499. Bibcode:1992AuJPh
Herbig–Haro_object
Classification in astronomy
is not known. Since most compact object types represent endpoints of stellar evolution, they are also called stellar remnants, and accordingly may be
Compact_object
Class of young variable stars
binary star systems. In various stages of their life, they are called young stellar object (YSOs). It is thought that the active magnetic fields and strong
T_Tauri_star
Reflection nebula in the constellation Cygnus
identified hundreds of young stellar objects. Young stars are seen in both the emission nebula, where gas has been ionized by massive young stars, and in the
IC_5146
Coming together of two stars
A stellar collision is the coming together of two stars caused by stellar dynamics within a star cluster, or by the orbital decay of a binary star due
Stellar_collision
Outermost layer of a star's atmosphere
These coronae can be detected using X-ray telescopes. Some stellar coronae, particularly in young stars, are much more luminous than the Sun's. For example
Stellar_corona
Creation of chemical elements within stars
In astrophysics, stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred
Stellar_nucleosynthesis
Black hole formed by a collapsed star
momentum. The angular momentum of a stellar black hole is due to the conservation of angular momentum of the star or objects that produced it. The gravitational
Stellar_black_hole
Flow of gas ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star
A stellar wind is a flow of gas ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. It is distinguished from the bipolar outflows characteristic of young stars
Stellar_wind
Star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence
sites of planet formation. Protoplanetary disk Protostar Stellar evolution Young stellar object Larson, Richard B. (10 September 2003). "The physics of
Pre-main-sequence_star
Gravitational process studied in astronomy
to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products. It is closely related to planet formation
Star_formation
Natural physical entity in space
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists
Astronomical_object
Study of the movement of stars
In astronomy, stellar kinematics is the observational study or measurement of the kinematics or motions of stars through space. Stellar kinematics encompasses
Stellar_kinematics
Dark nebula in constellation Perseus
well-studied. The source IRS 2 is a binary that is very young (class 0 young stellar object), surrounded by a rotating disk and the system shows a bipolar
Barnard_203
FU Orionis-type star in the constellation Orionis
V1647 Orionis (V1647 Ori) is a young stellar object visible in the constellation Orion, located about 1470 light-years from the Solar System. It is situated
V1647_Orionis
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
1944, Walter Baade categorized groups of stars within the Milky Way into stellar populations. In the abstract of the article by Baade, he recognizes that
Stellar_population
Star whose brightness fluctuates, as seen from Earth
by 2 to 3 magnitudes. FU Orionis variables A small fraction of young stellar objects are eruptive. The two primary types are dubbed FUors and EXors,
Variable_star
Hypothetical early-universe star with a black hole core
The formation of such an object would have resulted from the core of a large supermassive protostar collapsing into a stellar-mass black hole, where the
Quasi-star
Hypothetical hybrid star type
Peculiar Wolf-Rayet Stars of Type WN8 Thorne-Zytkow Objects?". In Shara, Michael M. (ed.). Stellar Collisions, Mergers and their Consequences. ASP Conference
Thorne–Żytkow_object
Accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter
continues, the envelope eventually becomes thin and transparent and the young stellar object (YSO) becomes observable, initially in far-infrared light and later
Accretion_(astrophysics)
Loneliest star in the Milky Way
(also known as CXOGBS J173643.8-282122) is an extremely isolated young stellar object (YSO) located in the central bulge of the Milky Way, approximately
CX330
Star of relatively small size and low luminosity
"dwarf" has been extended to some star-sized objects that are not stars and some types of compact stellar remnants. The term was originally coined in 1906
Dwarf_star
Type of interstellar cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size
Molecular_cloud
Small number of stars that orbit each other
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer
Star_system
Isolated, small, and opaque nebula
Lin; Clemens, Dan P. (January 1992). "Discovery of outflows from young stellar objects in BOK globules". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 385: L21. Bibcode:1992ApJ
Bok_globule
Light from the stars
1086/181126. Chrysostomou, Antonio; et al. (2000). "Polarimetry of young stellar objects - III. Circular polarimetry of OMC-1". MNRAS. 312 (1): 103–115.
Starlight
Magnetic field generated inside a star
A stellar magnetic field is a magnetic field generated by the motion of conductive plasma inside a star. This motion is created through convection, which
Stellar_magnetic_field
Pre-main-sequence star in the constellation Lupus
IM Lupi is a young stellar object with a surrounding protoplanetary disk. The young star is suspected to host a still forming protoplanet at a distance
IM_Lupi
Astronomical theory about the Solar System
continues, the envelope eventually becomes thin and transparent and the young stellar object (YSO) becomes observable, initially in far-infrared light and later
Nebular_hypothesis
Stellar classification
2020–2026. Retrieved 2026-01-15. E. Mamajek (2022-04-16). "A Modern Mean Dwarf Stellar Color and Effective Temperature Sequence". Retrieved 2022-05-14. Steigerwald
K-type_main-sequence_star
Hypothetical class of star that develops from a red dwarf
Simulations have been conducted on the future evolution of red dwarfs with stellar mass between 0.06 M☉ and 0.25 M☉. Of the masses simulated, the bluest of
Blue_dwarf_(red-dwarf_stage)
Reflection nebula in the constellation Cepheus
radiation fields below G0 = 104. The Iris nebula contains several young stellar objects (YSOs). There are four candidate YSOs located within the northwestern
Iris_Nebula
Changed position of star vs background
Stellar parallax is the apparent shift of position (parallax) of any nearby star (or other object) against the background of distant stars. By extension
Stellar_parallax
Theoretical stellar remnant
A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because
Black_dwarf
Large self-illuminated object in space
gravitational interactions during close encounters with other stars in young stellar clusters. These interactions tend to split apart more widely separated
Star
Hypothetical astronomical object
loop quantum gravity theory, a Planck star is a hypothetical astronomical object, theorized as a compact, exotic star, that exists within a black hole's
Planck_star
Region at the center of a star
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the
Stellar_core
Emission nebula in the constellation Sagittarius
head of the cloud and is about 0.75 ly long. The jet's source is a young stellar object deep within the cloud. Jets are the exhaust gasses of star formation
Trifid_Nebula
Changes to stars over their lifespans
5 × 1028 kg, or 0.0125 M☉). Objects smaller than 13 MJ are classified as sub-brown dwarfs (but if they orbit around another stellar object they are classified
Stellar_evolution
Young stellar object in the constellation Taurus
Butterfly Star, often called by its designation IRAS 04302+2247, is a young stellar object in the constellation Taurus, near the dark nebula LDN 1536b in the
Butterfly_Star
Gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star
years, before the disk disappears, perhaps being blown away by the young star's stellar wind, or perhaps simply ceasing to emit radiation after accretion
Protoplanetary_disk
Star not gravitationally bound to any galaxy
interstellar planet Rogue black hole – Interstellar or intergalactic object Stellar kinematics – Study of the movement of stars Graham, M. L.; Sand, D.
Intergalactic_star
Collapsed core of a massive star
neutron stars are the second-smallest and second-densest known class of stellar objects. Neutron stars have a radius on the order of 10 kilometers (6 miles)
Neutron_star
Stellar classification
and white dwarfs which are much more common, the last of which being stellar remnants). A G-type main-sequence star with the mass of the Sun will fuse
G-type_main-sequence_star
Hot, luminous star with a spectral type of A9 or earlier
supergiants, although new research suggests they could be the result of stellar mergers. The majority of supergiants are also blue (B-type) supergiants;
Blue_supergiant
Central region of the Sun
through a better understanding of neutrino oscillation. Active region Stellar core García, Rafael A.; Turck-Chièze, Sylvaine; Jiménez-Reyes, Sebastian
Solar_core
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
perhaps a few tens of millennia, compared to considerably longer phases of stellar evolution. Once all of the red giant's atmosphere has been dissipated,
Planetary_nebula
2008-12-15. "Object query : QSO B0237-2321". SIMBAD. Burbidge, Geoffrey (1967). "On the Wavelengths of the Absorption Lines in Quasi-Stellar Objects". Astrophysical
List of the most distant astronomical objects
List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects
Star at the centre of the Solar System
It is the main source of energy for life on Earth. The Sun has been an object of veneration in many cultures and a central subject of astronomical research
Sun
Protoplanetary disk in the constellation Cepheus
pre-main-sequence star in 1993 and in 2014 it was identified as a possible young stellar object with the help of AKARI. The disk around IRAS 23077+6707 was discovered
Dracula's_Chivito
Stellar classification distinguished by bright blue luminosity
feature unusually strong stellar winds, high surface temperatures, and significant attrition of stellar mass as the objects rotate at a curiously rapid
B-type_main-sequence_star
Mass of a star in astronomy
Stellar mass is a phrase that is used by astronomers to describe the mass of a star. It is usually enumerated in terms of the Sun's mass as a proportion
Stellar_mass
Emmission nebula in the constellation Auriga
nearby to the open cluster Stock 8, which it surrounds. "IC 417". "Young Stellar Object Candidates in IC 417 Overview". Bhatt, B.C.; Pandey, A.K.; Mahra
IC_417
Star noted for unusual dimming events
(December 2016). "The peculiar dipping events in the disk-bearing young-stellar object EPIC 204278916". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Tabby's_Star
List of the hottest known stars
Shenar, T.; Sander, A. A. C.; Todt, H.; Gallagher, J. S. (2018-07-01). "Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC. II. Parameters of the OB
List_of_hottest_stars
Molecular cloud complex in Cepheus constellation
forming regions, dark nebulas, supernova remnants, young stellar objects, feedback structures and other objects, the Cepheus Flare complex is a unique laboratory
Cepheus_Flare
Young stellar object in the constellation Auriga
Holoea, designated IRAS 05327+3404, is a young stellar object in the constellation Auriga, in the direction of the star cluster Messier 36. It may not
Holoea
brightest is Sirius at −1.46 mag. For comparison, the brightest non-stellar objects in the Solar System have maximum brightnesses of: Moon −12.7 mag Venus
List_of_brightest_stars
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
OB-association of young stars, called the Vulpecula OB-association or Vul OB1. The association contains nearly 100 OB stars and over 800 young stellar objects. It lies
Vulpecula
Process where a red giant star engulfs a planet
Stellar engulfment is the process in which a star at the end of its main sequence phase of its life expands into a red giant star and engulfs some or
Stellar_engulfment
Young stars of spectral types A and B
young intermediate-mass stars: II. observations of an additional sample of Herbig Ae/Be systems. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 529, p. 391 "A stellar fingerprint"
Herbig_Ae/Be_star
Hypothesized alternative to a black hole
astrophysics, a gravastar (a blend word of "gravitational vacuum star") is an object hypothesized in a 2001 paper by Pawel O. Mazur and Emil Mottola as an alternative
Gravastar
Main-sequence star of spectral type O
about −5.8 (eqv. 18,000 times brighter than the sun). Their light-driven stellar winds have a terminal velocity around 2,000 km/s. The most luminous class O
O-type_main-sequence_star
Unit of time
000 mph) within its trajectory around the Galactic Center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that
Galactic_year
Stellar classification
this particular scenario would be the more intense light and the shorter stellar lifespan of the home star. F-type stars are known to emit much higher energy
F-type_main-sequence_star
Classification of stars based on spectral properties
stars that do not fit in the classical system: W, S and C. Some stellar remnants or objects of deviating mass have also been assigned letters: D for white
Stellar_classification
Outer region of the volume of a star
The stellar atmosphere is the outer region of the volume of a star, lying above the stellar core, radiation zone and convection zone. The stellar atmosphere
Stellar_atmosphere
Five-star system in the constellation Orion
outlying B9 main sequence HD 294273, an A8 young stellar object 2MASS J05374178-0229081, an A9 young stellar object HD 294271 and HD 294272 make up the "double"
Sigma_Orionis
Star-forming region in Cassiopeia
ISSN 0004-637X. Turner, J. L.; Welch, W. J. (December 1984). "Discovery of a young stellar object near the water masers in W3(OH)". The Astrophysical Journal. 287:
Heart_and_Soul_Nebula
Dim, low mass stars on the main sequence
definition is synonymous with stellar M dwarfs, yielding a maximum temperature of 3,900 K and 0.6 M☉. Another includes all stellar M-type main-sequence and
Red_dwarf
Structure of stars
Stellar structure models describe the internal structure of a star in detail and make predictions about the luminosity, the color and the future evolution
Stellar_structure
Cavity of hot gas blown from a star
A stellar-wind bubble is a cavity light-years across filled with hot gas blown into the interstellar medium by the high-velocity (several thousand km/s)
Stellar-wind_bubble
Stellar classification
so rapidly that gravitational forces cannot keep them together. In young stellar associations, most of the light comes from O- and B-type stars, so such
O-type_star
Main sequence star that is more luminous and bluer than expected
that is more luminous and bluer than expected. Typically identified in a stellar cluster, they have a higher effective temperature than the main sequence
Blue_straggler
Continuous band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness
the main sequence is a classification of stars which appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness as a continuous and distinctive band. Stars spend
Main_sequence
Astronomical objects of planetary size that did not form in orbit around a star
A sub-brown dwarf or planetary-mass brown dwarf is an astronomical object that formed in the same manner as stars and brown dwarfs (i.e. through the collapse
Sub-brown_dwarf
Type of large cool star
intermediate mass (roughly 0.3–8 solar masses (M☉)) in a late phase of stellar evolution. The outer atmosphere is inflated and tenuous, making the radius
Red_giant
Astrophysical limit on radiation from stars
(2015-12-01). "Optically visible post-AGB stars, post-RGB stars and young stellar objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Eddington_luminosity
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
most stable period, PSR J0437−4715 The first millisecond pulsar with 2 stellar mass companions, PSR J0337+1715 PSR J1841−0500, stopped pulsing for 580
Pulsar
Supernova that ejects a large mass at unusually high velocity
collapsed object, or black hole. The word "collapsar", short for "collapsed star", was formerly used to refer to the end product of stellar gravitational
Hypernova
Structure formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body
frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object's mass. Accretion disks of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared; those around
Accretion_disk
Hypothetical types of stars
although its existence is not confirmed. A quark star is a hypothesized object that results from the decomposition of neutrons into their constituent quarks
Exotic_star
Index of articles associated with the same name
θ1 Orionis G (COUP 826, MAX 116), a young stellar object θ1 Orionis H (COUP 746, MAX 87), a young stellar object θ2 Orionis (43 Orionis) θ2 Orionis A
Theta_Orionis
R.; et al. (July 2025). "The Probable Direct-imaging Detection of the Stellar Companion to Betelgeuse". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 988 (2): L47
List_of_proper_names_of_stars
Astronomical category of stars
observed types of star: Binary stars with highly variable emission and stellar spectral type Fe a blue supergiant with a forest of forbidden FeII lines
Iron_star
Event wherein the Sun is obscured by the Moon
study and enjoyment Occultation: Generic term for occlusion of an object by another object that passes between it and the observer, thus revealing (for example)
Solar_eclipse
Variable star
V1094 Scorpii is a young stellar object in the constellation of Scorpius, located in the young Lupus Star Forming Region. It is being orbited by a protoplanetary
V1094_Scorpii
Variable star that brightens unpredictably
Processes in Magnetically Driven Flares on the Sun, Stars, and Young Stellar Objects". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 48: 241-287. Bibcode:2010ARA&A
Flare_star
Type of neutron star with a strong magnetic field
star discovered by researchers]". McGill University. "The Hibernating Stellar Magnet: First Optically Active Magnetar-Candidate Discovered". ESO. 23
Magnetar
Hypothetical star heated by dark-matter annihilation
Gondolo, Paolo (2008). "Dark Matter and the First Stars: A New Phase of Stellar Evolution". Physical Review Letters. 100 (5) 051101. arXiv:0705.0521. Bibcode:2008PhRvL
Dark_star_(dark_matter)
Stars with a supergiant luminosity class with a spectral type of K or M
(RSGs) are stars with a supergiant luminosity class (Yerkes class I) and a stellar classification K or M. They are the largest stars in the universe in terms
Red_supergiant
Star's outer shell from which light is radiated
features are too fine to be directly observed on other stars; however, stellar spatial structures have been indirectly observed, and can behave like sunspots
Photosphere
Curve on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram representing stars of a particular age
In stellar evolution, an isochrone is a curve on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, representing a population of stars of the same age but with different
Stellar_isochrone
Astrophysical phenomenon
Association (Sco OB2)". From Darkness to Light: Origin and Evolution of Young Stellar Clusters. 243: 791. arXiv:astro-ph/0008013. Bibcode:2001ASPC..243..791P
Supernova
Process of energy release of a contracting star or planet
Star formation Object classes Interstellar medium Molecular cloud Bok globule Dark nebula Young stellar object Protostar Pre-main-sequence star T Tauri
Kelvin–Helmholtz_mechanism
Type of star
also called a strange quark star, is a hypothetical compact astronomical object, a quark star made of strange quark matter. Strange stars might exist without
Strange_star
YOUNG STELLAR-OBJECT
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