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Vigilante violence against minorities in the 1800s US
itself: "Whitecapping is the crime of threatening a person with violence. Ordinarily, members of the minority groups are the victims of whitecapping." Whitecapping
Whitecapping
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category v t e Individuals lain in state, in honor and in repose in the
Abraham_Lincoln
Act of preventing and punishing crimes without legal authority
scandalous activityPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Whitecapping – Vigilante violence against minorities in the 1800s US Rosenbaum, H
Vigilantism
Race or ethnic-based discrimination
throughout the New World in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Whitecapping, which started in Indiana in the late 19th century, soon spread throughout
Racism
Punishment carried out without legal processes or a trial
Terrorism Torture Vigilante Vigilantism in the United States of America Whitecapping Miethe, Terance D.; Lu, Hong (2005). Punishment: A Comparative Historical
Extrajudicial_punishment
Laws aiming to combat resistance to reconstruction after the US Civil War
to punish a group of men for interfering with black workers through whitecapping. Hodges v. United States would be overruled in Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer
Enforcement_Acts
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Ulysses_S._Grant
films based on revenge theme Violent non-state actor Whistleblower Whitecapping Tarring and feathering "Phenomenology of Vigilantism in Contemporary
Vigilantism in the United States
Vigilantism_in_the_United_States
Topics referred to by the same term
a 19th-century American Southwest group who fought against squatters Whitecapping, a violent vigilante movement in late 19th to early 20th century America
Whitecaps
President of the United States from 1877 to 1881
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Rutherford_B._Hayes
All-white municipalities that practice a form of racial segregation
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Sundown_town
Battle of the American Civil War
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Battle of Appomattox Court House
Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House
1865 murder in Washington, D.C., US
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864 United States presidential election
1864_United_States_presidential_election
American white supremacist terrorist organization
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Black Legion (political movement)
Black_Legion_(political_movement)
American politician
debt and enacted mine safety regulations. He also attempted to control whitecapping. The controversial manner in which the state legislature elected him
James_B._Frazier
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Reconstruction_era
1865 amendment abolishing slavery
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
1916 killing in Waco, Texas, U.S.
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington
Post-civil war voter suppression efforts in the United States
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
Disfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Racial segregation in the United States
Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868 United States presidential election
1868_United_States_presidential_election
President of the United States from 1865 to 1869
Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category v t e United States representatives from Tennessee 1st district
Andrew_Johnson
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S.
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Jim_Crow_laws
1860s American term
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Scalawag
House elections for the 39th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections
1864–65_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
Folk custom shaming a community member
July 2023. Palmer, Bryan D. (2005). "Discordant Music: Charivaris and Whitecapping in Nineteenth-Century North America". Crime and Deviance in Canada. Toronto:
Charivari
County in Indiana, United States
population of 90 Black people in 1850 had decreased to zero by 1860. Whitecapping, the process by which rural citizens used threats or extralegal violence
Washington_County,_Indiana
White paramilitary group from the United States
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
White_League
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 United States presidential election
1876_United_States_presidential_election
American vigilante group
White caps were groups involved in the whitecapping movement who were operating in southern Indiana in the late 19th century. They engaged in vigilante
Indiana_White_Caps
Violence following a murder in Georgia
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
May_1918_lynchings
Period of the US Supreme Court from 1888 to 1910
Congress to protect labor rights from racially motivated attacks such as whitecapping. Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. (1968) later overturned the case. Adair
Fuller_Court
Penal labor system in the Southern United States
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Convict_leasing
Speculated political deal for the US presidency
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Compromise_of_1877
Massacre of African Americans in Georgia
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
1906_Atlanta_race_massacre
Financial crisis leading to economic depression in Europe and North America
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Panic_of_1873
Political party in the United States
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Liberal Republican Party (United States)
Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)
1898 insurrection and massacre in North Carolina, US
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Wilmington_massacre
American political scandal
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Crédit_Mobilier_scandal
Migration from Southern US from 1910 to 1970
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Great Migration (African American)
Great_Migration_(African_American)
House elections for the 43rd U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
1872–73_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
U.S. political event held in St. Louis, Missouri
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 Democratic National Convention
1876_Democratic_National_Convention
1866 United States Supreme Court case
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Ex_parte_Milligan
U.S. political event held in Tammany Hall in New York City
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868 Democratic National Convention
1868_Democratic_National_Convention
House elections for the 42nd U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections
1870–71_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
Late 19th-/early 20th-century period of US history
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Nadir of American race relations
Nadir_of_American_race_relations
1863 civil unrest protesting American Civil War conscription
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
New_York_City_draft_riots
Faction of the U.S. Republican Party, 1870s–1880s
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Stalwarts_(politics)
Anti-black violence in Arkansas in 1919
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Elaine_massacre
August 1919 racial tensions in Chicago, Illinois, US
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Chicago_race_riot_of_1919
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 Greenback National Convention
1876_Greenback_National_Convention
1919 period of white supremacist terrorism and racial riots in many U.S. cities
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Red_Summer
American political group
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Redeemers
1923 massacre of African Americans in Florida, US
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Rosewood_massacre
Extrajudicial killings in the U.S. by mobs or vigilante groups
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_in_the_United_States
Place in Oklahoma, United States
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Greenwood_District,_Tulsa
House elections for the 41st U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections
1868–69_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
1877 US commission
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Electoral Commission (United States)
Electoral_Commission_(United_States)
Laws against interracial marriage
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States
Anti-miscegenation_laws_in_the_United_States
1874 attempted coup d'état against Louisiana state government
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Battle_of_Liberty_Place
Confederate attack on constitutional convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
New_Orleans_Massacre_of_1866
Attempt to redistribute land during the US Civil War
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Forty_acres_and_a_mule
Segregationist and discriminatory state and local laws passed after the Civil War
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Black_Codes_(United_States)
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864 National Union National Convention
1864_National_Union_National_Convention
Model for reinstatement of Southern states during the American Civil War
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Ten_percent_plan
1873 United States Supreme Court case
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Slaughter-House_Cases
1935 book by W. E. B. Du Bois
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Black Reconstruction in America
Black_Reconstruction_in_America
2019 non-fiction book by Eric Foner
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
The_Second_Founding
African-American mother and son lynched in Oklahoma, U.S. (1911)
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson
Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson
United States anti-obscenity law
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Comstock_Act_of_1873
American lawyer and politician (1814–1869)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Edwin_Stanton
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 Republican National Convention
1876_Republican_National_Convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864–65 United States Senate elections
1864–65_United_States_Senate_elections
Lynching of a prominent Black citizen
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Isadore_Banks
1868 US charging of president
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson
House elections for the 40th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections
1866–67_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
House elections for the 38th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections
1862–63_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
American statesman (1792–1868)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Thaddeus_Stevens
House elections for the 44th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections
1874–75_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
U.S. political event held in Baltimore, Maryland
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1872 Democratic National Convention
1872_Democratic_National_Convention
1872 U.S. federal law
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Amnesty_Act
Private savings bank chartered by the U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Freedman's_Savings_Bank
Military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Red_River_War
U.S. political event held in Chicago, Illinois
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864 Democratic National Convention
1864_Democratic_National_Convention
African-American man lynched in southern Illinois
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching of William "Froggie" James
Lynching_of_William_"Froggie"_James
1872–1873 conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the U.S. Army
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Modoc_War
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868 Republican National Convention
1868_Republican_National_Convention
Worldwide economic recession from 1873 to 1879
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Long_Depression
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876–77 United States Senate elections
1876–77_United_States_Senate_elections
People formerly enslaved in the Cherokee Nation and descendants
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Cherokee_Freedmen
Historiographical school of thought regarding Reconstruction
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Dunning_School
F. Holmes, "Whitecapping in Mississippi: Agrarian Violence in the Populist Era", Mid America; 1973 55(2): 134–148; Holmes, "Whitecapping: Agrarian Violence
History_of_Mississippi
American journalist and politician (1878–1958)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Claude_G._Bowers
African American who was lynched in the U.S.
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Ed_Johnson
City in Arkansas, United States
continued to face deprivation of their rights despite the war's outcome. Whitecapping by the Ku Klux Klan and other groups promoted a lawless atmosphere in
Osceola,_Arkansas
U.S. law defining citizenship and equal protection
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868–69 United States Senate elections
1868–69_United_States_Senate_elections
Lynching of a black man in Illinois
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Andrew_Richards
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1870–71 United States Senate elections
1870–71_United_States_Senate_elections
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French, German, Teutonic
Armor; Manly
Boy/Male
Arabic
Keeper of the treasure.
Female
Czechoslovakian
, soul, spirit.
Boy/Male
English
Guard.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Wealth Creeper
Boy/Male
English American
From the farm in the dale.
Female
Hebrew
(×ï‹×¨Ö¸×”-לִי) Hebrew name ORALEE means "my light." Compare with another form of Oralee.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fountain of judgment.
Female
Chinese
high, aspiring, proud.
Boy/Male
Indian
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING