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Pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976
The Viking program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, Viking 1 and Viking 2 both launched in 1975, and landed on Mars in 1976. The
Viking_program
Space orbiter and lander sent to Mars
Viking 2 mission is part of the American Viking program to Mars, and consisted of an orbiter and a lander essentially identical to that of the Viking
Viking_2
Robotic spacecraft sent to Mars
part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars lander in history. Viking 1 operated on Mars for
Viking_1
Mars life detection experiments
identical Viking program landers each carried four types of biological experiments to the surface of Mars. The first successful Mars landers, Viking 1 and
Viking lander biological experiments
Viking_lander_biological_experiments
Topics referred to by the same term
up Viking in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Vikings were seafaring Scandinavians. Viking or Vikings may also refer to: Viking (comics) Vikings #1
Viking_(disambiguation)
Norse seafarers, merchants and raiders
Vikings were a seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries
Vikings
NASA launches of the Viking program consisted of two orbiters, each with a lander that successfully soft landed in 1976. Viking 1 remained operational
Exploration_of_Mars
NASA space program from 1962 to 1973
NASA/JPL space probe programs. The planned Mariner Jupiter-Saturn vehicles were adapted into the Voyager program, while the Viking program orbiters were enlarged
Mariner_program
Former Canadian aircraft manufacturer
Havilland Canada Ltd. (under Viking Air) announced plans for the DHC-515 Firefighter Program. Formerly known as the CL-515 program, the new water bomber aircraft
Viking_Air
Planned series of uncrewed NASA probes to the planet Mars
Voyager Mars program was eventually carried out by NASA's Viking program in the mid-1970s. Cheaper and simpler than the Voyager Mars program (using the
Voyager_program_(Mars)
Landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars
soft-landing using current technology are as follows: Beginning with the Viking program, all landers on the surface of Mars have used orbiting spacecraft as
Mars_landing
elliptical orbit around the Sun. The Viking program consisted of a pair of American space probes sent to Mars—Viking 1 and Viking 2. Each vehicle was composed
List of uncrewed NASA missions
List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions
American journalist (born 1956)
University, worked at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory on the Viking program. Chaikin, Andrew L.; Maxwell, Ted A.; El-Baz, Farouk (January 1981)
Andrew_Chaikin
The Vikings, a radio program offering vocal renditions and light music, was broadcast by NBC during the late 1920s and early 1930s. The series starred
The_Vikings_(radio_program)
extraterrestrial Martians. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Mariner program and the Viking program revealed new scientific details about Mars that showed little
List_of_films_set_on_Mars
NFL team in Minneapolis, Minnesota
The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis. The Vikings compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member
Minnesota_Vikings
Animated television series
Vicky the Viking, known as Wickie und die starken Männer (listen) in Germany and Austria and Chiisana Viking Bikke (小さなバイキング ビッケ) in Japan, is a German-Japanese
Vicky_the_Viking
American aerospace engineer and executive (born 1938)
1982. He was mission director of NASA's Viking program Mars landing program and director of the Planetary Program at NASA Headquarters. In 1977, he received
A._Thomas_Young
Variant of magnetic-core computer memory
It was used in the UNIVAC 1110 and UNIVAC 9000 series computers, the Viking program that sent landers to Mars, the Voyager space probes, a prototype guidance
Plated-wire_memory
American intercollegiate football team
The Portland State Vikings football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Portland State University located in the U.S. state of
Portland State Vikings football
Portland_State_Vikings_football
American manufacturing company (1961–1995)
family) Atlas I Atlas II Magellan (spacecraft) Mars Polar Lander Viking program Viking 1 Viking 2 Wind (spacecraft) Lacrosse (satellite) Martin Marietta Model
Martin_Marietta
American engineer (1924–2021)
engineer, the founder of Biospherics and the principal investigator of the Viking mission Labeled Release experiment. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland,
Gilbert_Levin
Study of past and present water on Mars
deposition. The findings from the Mariner 9 missions underpinned the later Viking program. The enormous Valles Marineris canyon system is named after Mariner
Water_on_Mars
Swiss cruise line
Viking (formerly Viking Cruises) is a cruise line providing river, ocean, and expedition cruises. Its operating headquarters are in Basel, Switzerland
Viking_(cruise_line)
Canadian aircraft manufacturer
Havilland type certificates, Viking Air also acquired the Canadair CL-415 program in October 2018. In November 2018, Viking Air parent Longview Aviation
De_Havilland_Canada
College football team
Western Washington Vikings program represented Western Washington University in college football at the NCAA Division II level. The Vikings were members of
Western Washington Vikings football
Western_Washington_Vikings_football
Intercollegiate sports teams of Portland State University
Big Sky Conference since 1996. Along with the other Big Sky football programs, Viking football takes-part in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision
Portland_State_Vikings
the mid- to late-1970s, Soffen was project scientist for the NASA's Viking program of Mars landers, the first successful missions to perform unmanned experiments
Gerald_Soffen
Planetary and atmospheric scientist; studies the atmospheres of Earth and Mars
chair and speaker at the Viking 40th Anniversary Science Symposium, a conference celebrating the impact of the Viking Program 40 years after first landing
Joel_S._Levine
Assessments of possible life on Mars
on Mars. The Viking program data indicate that oxidants on Mars may vary with latitude, noting that Viking 2 saw fewer oxidants than Viking 1 in its more
Life_on_Mars
Carrier-based anti-submarine and aerial refueling aircraft
The Lockheed S-3 Viking is a four-crew, twin-engine turbofan-powered subsonic anti-submarine jet aircraft designed and produced by the American aerospace
Lockheed_S-3_Viking
Science concerned with life in the universe
the 1960s and 1970s, NASA began its astrobiology pursuits within the Viking program, which was the first US mission to land on Mars and search for signs
Astrobiology
information. Data-based climate studies started in earnest with the Viking program landers in 1975 and continue with such probes as the Mars Reconnaissance
Climate_of_Mars
American sounding rockets, 1949 to 1955
Viking was a series of twelve sounding rockets designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company under the direction of the US Naval Research Laboratory
Viking_(rocket)
surface. The findings from the Mariner 9 mission underpinned the later Viking program, which examined many of these features in greater detail. The Valles
Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars
Chronology_of_discoveries_of_water_on_Mars
Microwave radio frequency band from 8–12 GHz
came with the two Viking program landers. When the planet Mars was passing near or behind the Sun, as seen from the Earth, a Viking lander would transmit
X_band
Pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation
the effects of the Sun's radiation pressure on the spacecraft of the Viking program been ignored, the spacecraft would have missed Mars orbit by about 15
Radiation_pressure
Planitia on Mars
river valleys discovered in Chryse Planitia by the Viking Orbiters, as part of the Viking program, provided strong evidence for a great deal of running
Chryse_Planitia
Maritime history museum, archaeological museum in Roskilde , Denmark
The Viking Ship Museum (Danish: Vikingeskibsmuseet) in Roskilde is Denmark's national ship museum for ships of the prehistoric and medieval period. The
Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)
Calendar year
July 19 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created. July 20 Viking program: The Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars. American criminal Gary Gilmore
1976
Specific type of impact crater
take a large impact to reach the ice level. Based on images from the Viking program in the 1970s, it is generally accepted that rampart craters are evidence
Rampart_crater
Soviet Mars rover launched in 1971
had an algorithm to overcome obstacles: when it approached one, it was programmed to reverse and "use the skids on alternate sides to walk around the obstacle"
PrOP-M
Research center at the University of Colorado
high-profile missions like TOPEX/Poseidon, Seasat, Mariner 9 and the Viking program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory during the 1970s. Colorado Center for
Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research
Colorado_Center_for_Astrodynamics_Research
List of space missions by NASA
failed Mariner 9, launched May 1971, completed Viking program Viking 1, launched August 1975, completed Viking 2, launched September 1975, completed Mars
List_of_NASA_missions
Topics referred to by the same term
preacher James Slattin Martin Jr. (1920–2002), project manager for the Viking program James Martin (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles
James_S._Martin
20 – Viking program: The Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars. July 31 – NASA releases the famous 'Face on Mars' photograph, taken by Viking 1 August
1976_in_science
American football player (born 2003)
Subdivision (FBS) history. McCarthy was selected 10th overall by the Minnesota Vikings in the 2024 NFL draft. After missing his entire rookie season due to injury
J._J._McCarthy
American computer scientist
NASA Viking program flight team when the Viking spacecraft landed on Mars in 1976, and wrote the data management system, MFILE, for the Viking lander
Wayne_Ratliff
Chinese military initiative
anti-satellite (ASAT) program has been under development since 1964. The ASAT program has since been moved from Program 640 to Program 863, the General Armaments
ASAT_program_of_China
Dedicated aerial fire fighting airplane
Aircraft Program to Viking Air Limited" (Press release). Bombardier. 20 June 2016. "Viking Air Limited Acquires Worldwide CL-415 Waterbomber Program from
Canadair_CL-415
2009 studio album by The Mercury Program
Chez Viking is the fourth studio album by American post-rock band The Mercury Program, released in 2009 on Lovitt Records; seven years after their previous
Chez_Viking
Hypothetical Mars Mission
orbiter back to Earth. The mission was first proposed in 2012. The Viking program to Mars was the only mission to date that conducted life-detection experiments
Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection
American geophysicist (born 1944)
As an Associate Investigator on the Mariner 6, 7, and Mariner 9, and Viking program teams. He is best known for his leadership in imaging science on the
Larry_Soderblom
International scholarship organization
growing to over 300 Vikings worldwide, with members representing every industry and profession. The results of the Viking Programs will prove to be far
Brittingham Viking Organization
Brittingham_Viking_Organization
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon
Apollo_program
2005 Japanese TV series or program
Viking: The Ultimate Obstacle Course (海筋肉王 ～バイキング～, Kaikinnikuō ~Baikingu~; literally Sea Muscle King Viking), sometimes abbreviated to Viking: TUOC, is
Viking: The Ultimate Obstacle Course
Viking:_The_Ultimate_Obstacle_Course
Colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor
used in terminal descent of spacecraft. Such engines were used on the Viking program landers in the 1970s as well as the Mars landers Phoenix (May 2008)
Hydrazine
2022 Canadian film
Viking is a 2022 Canadian comedy film, directed by Stéphane Lafleur. The film centres on a group of people who are working as a "B team" to reenact the
Viking_(2022_film)
Head of the US independent space agency
responsible for beginning the Space Shuttle effort, as well as the Viking program that sent landers to Mars. He oversaw the Skylab missions and approved
Administrator_of_NASA
Quadrangle map of Mars
west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars. The Viking 1 Lander (part of Viking program) landed in the quadrangle on July 20, 1976, at 22°24′N
Lunae_Palus_quadrangle
Overview of and topical guide to Mars
Mariner 6 and 7 Mariner 8 Mariner 9 Zond program Zond 2 Viking program Viking 1 Viking 2 Phobos program Mars Observer Mars Pathfinder Sojourner Mars Global
Outline_of_Mars
NASA federally funded research and development center
Surveyor program SWOT Venus Synthetic Aperture Radar VERITAS Viking program Voyager program (Voyager 1 and Voyager 2) Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory
Canadian-Irish historical drama television series
Vikings is a historical drama television series created and written by Michael Hirst. A co-production between Canada and Ireland, the series originally
Vikings_(TV_series)
Observatory
available in a two-volume technical report from JPL. The Viking program, mainly Viking 1 and Viking 2, forced some innovation to be done with respect to high
History of the Deep Space Network
History_of_the_Deep_Space_Network
Martin Jr. (June 21, 1920 – April 14, 2002) was project manager for the Viking program. Martin was born in Washington, D.C., on June 21, 1920. He earned a
James_Slattin_Martin_Jr.
quarry-owner's son and two accomplices are arrested for the crime. July 20 Viking program: The Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars, taking the first close-up
1976_in_the_United_States
German government program
French space program British space programme – Official efforts to develop space capabilities Chinese space program Soviet space program – Space exploration
German_space_programme
Investigation of outer space
Pioneer program Luna program Zond program Venera program Mars probe program Ranger program Mariner program Surveyor program Viking program Voyager program Vega
Space_exploration
2013 French TV series or program
Vic the Viking is a children's animated television series, which premiered in 2013 on Network Ten on 4 July, and continued on Eleven on 5 October. It is
Vic_the_Viking
Utility transport aircraft family by de Havilland Canada
production. It was built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988. In 2006, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before
De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter
Snow-free valleys in Antarctica
the Valleys as a testing ground for analog-based studies since NASA's Viking Program in the 1970s. In 1985, the first continuously operating meteorological
McMurdo_Dry_Valleys
2013 video game
Volgarr the Viking (stylized as Völgarr the Viking) is a platform game developed by Crazy Viking Studios. Inspired by side-scrolling platform games from
Volgarr_the_Viking
Seismic event occurring on Mars
with the Viking program with two landers, Viking 1 & 2 in 1976, with seismometers mounted on top of the lander. The seismometer on the Viking 1 lander
Marsquake
Biosignature significance scale
As of 2025, the only NASA mission designed to look for life was the Viking program to Mars, launched in 1976. Per Neveu et al.: If taken independently
Confidence of Life Detection Scale
Confidence_of_Life_Detection_Scale
Knowledge preservation project
the Moon. Time capsule List of time capsules Voyager Golden Record Viking program Rosetta Project Knowledge ark Nova Spivack (September 2, 2015). "Let's
Arch_Mission_Foundation
Swedish all-terrain carrier
delays with that program, this never came to be. Additionally on 26 June 2008 the MoD announced the purchase of an additional 14 Viking BvS10 vehicles at
BvS10
Colombian planetary geologist (born 1955)
a publication in 1980. She was a member of the imaging team for the Viking program where she planned, analyzed, and produced images of Mars' satellites
Adriana_Ocampo
2013 video game
Icebreaker: A Viking Voyage is a puzzle video game developed by Nitrome that was published by Rovio Entertainment under the Rovio Stars program. However,
Icebreaker:_A_Viking_Voyage
American musical group
Mercury Program (Tiger Style, 1999) From The Vapor of Gasoline (Tiger Style, 2000) A Data Learn the Language (Tiger Style, 2002) Chez Viking (Lovitt Records
The_Mercury_Program
Canceled NASA Mars rover concept
funding cuts. The rover could have been the first mission since the Viking program landers of the 1970s to specifically look for the chemistry associated
Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory
Analytical method
Several GC–MS systems have left earth. Two were brought to Mars by the Viking program. Venera 11 and 12 and Pioneer Venus analysed the atmosphere of Venus
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
TV series or program
Viking Apocalypse is a TV program on the National Geographic Channel. The show examines the Ridgeway Hill Viking burial pit in Weymouth, UK, a site of
Viking_Apocalypse
Shell which protects a spacecraft during atmospheric reentry
the parachute was deployed. The Voyager program was later canceled, replaced by the much smaller Viking program several years later. NASA reused the Voyager
Aeroshell
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
lander (2018–2022) Life on Mars – Assessments of possible life on Mars Viking program – Pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976 Timeline of
Curiosity_(rover)
American journalist and television anchor
News Association of Southern California for a documentary on NASA's Viking program, titled "The Flight to Mars." In 2000, CSUN honored him with its Distinguished
Bill_Griffeth
College ice hockey team
The Augustana Vikings men's ice hockey is an NCAA Division I ice hockey team that began play in the fall of 2023. In the summer of 2021, in accordance
Augustana University Vikings men's ice hockey
Augustana_University_Vikings_men's_ice_hockey
Data loss as the format goes into disuse
circuits and other complex components. Only a decade after the 1970s Viking program, NASA personnel discovered that much of the mission data stored on magnetic
Digital_obsolescence
Type of spacecraft
vehicle and a lander. Viking 1 landed in July 1976 Viking 2 in September 1976. The Viking program rovers were the first successful, functioning Mars landers
Lander_(spacecraft)
Event timeline of the NASA Mars 2020 mission
Mars Science Laboratory U.S. Space Exploration History on U.S. Stamps Viking program Water on Mars Chang, Kenneth (February 15, 2022). "On Mars, a NASA Rover
Timeline_of_Mars_2020
United States federal law
and goals of China's space program and strongly oppose any cooperation between NASA and CNSA's human space flight programs without Congressional authorization
Wolf_Amendment
Crater on Mars
Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program. NASA SP-441: VIKING ORBITER VIEWS OF MARS, Viking Orbiter Imaging Team, 1980, Craters Portal: Solar
Belz_(crater)
Propaganda about space exploration and science
Space Committee said, "any step-up in the space program must be designed to accelerate a civilian program of peaceful space exploration and use....This
Space_propaganda
2019 children's animated series
Tales of Tappi the Viking (Polish: Wiking Tappi), also known as Viking Tappi, is a Polish-language children's animated series based on the series of children's
Tales_of_Tappi_the_Viking
Inter-governmental forum
In March 2020, the organization has developed recommendations that each program or project establish and document a feasible Space Debris Mitigation Plan
Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
Inter-Agency_Space_Debris_Coordination_Committee
American football player and coach (1953–2026)
20 interceptions, while leading the Vikings to the program's first eight-win seasons. In 1976, Jones set program records for total offense (3,463 yards)
June_Jones
Former NASA Mars rover, active from 2004 to 2010
rover Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission Viking program List of software bugs related to space exploration Comparison of embedded
Spirit_(rover)
Engines used in EU rocket Ariane
resulting engine named Viking 1 and adopted for the Ariane program. The engine first flown on the Ariane 1 rocket in 1979 was Viking 2, with thrust further
Viking_(rocket_engine)
Rocket launch site in Florida, US
(setting a proximity record only broken by the Parker Solar Probe), the two Viking probes sent to orbit and land on Mars, and the two Voyager spacecraft that
Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41
Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_41
Upcoming historical drama television series
for Amazon Prime Video. Set in the 10th century, the series follows the Viking warrior Erik Bloodaxe and his wife, Gunnhild, as Erik rises to the throne
Bloodaxe_(TV_series)
City in Arizona, United States
and developer of one of the life on Mars experiments, as part of the Viking program. Owned a winter home in Estrella, Goodyear. Rick Manning, former MLB
Goodyear,_Arizona
travel, tourism, insurance
VIKING PROGRAM
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VIKING PROGRAM
VIKING PROGRAM
travel, tourism, insurance