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American counterintelligence program during World War II and Cold War
The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service
Venona_project
List of names deciphered from codenamed contained in the Venona papers
following list of Americans in the Venona papers is a list of names deciphered from codenames contained in the Venona project, an American government effort
List of Americans in the Venona papers
List_of_Americans_in_the_Venona_papers
American linguist and codebreaker
regarding espionage in the United States, in what came to be known as the Venona project. Gardner was born in Okolona, Mississippi, and grew up in Austin, Texas
Meredith_Gardner
American economist and accused spy (1892–1948)
evidence came to light prior to his death via decoded Soviet cables in the Venona Project, and later with the opening of Soviet archives in the 1990s. Harry Dexter
Harry_Dexter_White
Codename of a possible Soviet spy
New Mexico, saying that it was probably a scientist or physicist. The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program run by the Signal Intelligence
Perseus_(spy)
Soviet Union program to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II
existence of Russian spies was exposed by the U.S. Army's secretive Venona project in 1943. In 1943, Molotov shared with Kurchatov the intelligence data
Soviet_atomic_bomb_project
WWII Soviet nuclear-research spies in the West
of nuclear weapons. Confirmation about espionage work came from the Venona project, which intercepted and decrypted Soviet intelligence reports sent during
Atomic_spies
American investigative journalist, writer, and author (1907–1989)
1995, the National Security Agency (NSA) published documents from the Venona Project (1943–80), a counter-intelligence program for the collection and decryption
I._F._Stone
American spies for the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
to the Rosenbergs, including a trove of decoded Soviet cables (code-name Venona), which detailed Julius's role as a courier and recruiter for the Soviets
Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg
American mathematician
2015) was an American mathematician and cryptanalyst who founded the Venona project. Grabeel was born on June 5, 1920, in Rose Hill, Lee County, Virginia
Gene_Grabeel
American assistant and spy (1913–1988)
CIA, between 1942 and 1946. Lee was posthumously identified by the Venona project as the NKVD mole inside the OSS with the code name "Koch", making Lee
Duncan_Lee
Russian-Jewish émigré to the US (1908–1975)
Paris to Moscow. Vladimir Pozner's cover name as identified in the Venona project by NSA/FBI analysts was "Platon" or Plato in Russian. Pozner's son,
Vladimir_Pozner_Sr.
US surveillance project from 1947 to 1949
Project Mogul (sometimes referred to as Operation Mogul) was a top secret project by the US Army Air Forces involving microphones flown on high-altitude
Project_Mogul
Defector Soviet diplomat (1905–1966)
2010 at the Wayback Machine De-classified Venona project document from the US National Security Agency. The Venona Story (PDF), The National Security Agency
Victor_Kravchenko_(defector)
American historian (1906–1980)
the British Academy. Hallock also played an instrumental role in the Venona project. While working on Soviet "Trade" traffic (so named because these messages
Richard_Hallock
1974 CIA project to recover the sunken Soviet submarine K-129
Project Azorian (also called "Jennifer" by the press after its Top Secret Security Compartment) was a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) project to
Project_Azorian
In the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Foreign Economic Administration (FEA) was formed on September 25, 1943 to relieve friction between
Foreign Economic Administration
Foreign_Economic_Administration
American mathematician and cryptanalyst (1913–2006)
Japanese cryptography machine Purple, and later worked on the Cold War-era Venona project. Feinstein discovered a passion for mathematics at a young age and aspired
Genevieve_Grotjan_Feinstein
American economist
testimony may now consult their actions and their consciences. The Venona project succeeded in decrypting some Soviet intelligence cables that had been
Laurence_Duggan
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
espionage activities were not identified until 1950, as a result of the Venona project. The revelation damaged the United States' nuclear cooperation with
Manhattan_Project
United States Army general
instrumental in 1943 in starting the Venona project. In 1944, he ignored a request initiated by Eleanor Roosevelt to cease the project. During the Korean War, he
Carter_W._Clarke
Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), pg. 240. References to Steel in the following Venona project decryptions:
Johannes_Steele
Russian-American spy (1898–1964)
under the code names Pel, Pal, and "Paul", in the Venona decrypts; and as "Robert" both in Venona, and independently by defecting Soviet intelligence
Nathan_Gregory_Silvermaster
First international crewed spaceflight mission
Cold War. The Americans referred to the flight as the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), while the Soviets called it Experimental flight "Soyuz"–"Apollo"
Apollo–Soyuz
1962 CIA intelligence mission
Project Coldfeet was a 1962 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation to extract intelligence from an abandoned Soviet Arctic drifting ice station.
Project_Coldfeet
American political party
memoirs of ex-Soviet KGB officers and information obtained from the Venona project and Soviet archives. At one time, this view was shared by the majority
Communist_Party_USA
American physicist and spy (1925–1999)
used for the Trinity test. The US Army's Signal Intelligence Service Venona project, decrypted some Soviet messages and in January 1950 uncovered one cable
Theodore_Hall
The United States Department of Justice War Division was a subdivision of the United States Department of Justice that was created on May 19, 1942 during
United States Department of Justice War Division
United_States_Department_of_Justice_War_Division
Any of several events in which widespread fear of communism or leftism develops
according to Democratic Senator and historian Daniel Moynihan, with the Venona project consisting of "overwhelming proof of the activities of Soviet spy networks
Red_Scare
French-born Russian-American journalist (born 1934)
father were published in 1996 in the United States, as part of the Venona project files. As a result, the Pozners intended to return to France, but Pozner
Vladimir_Pozner_Jr.
Phenomenon of US political rhetoric after WWII
as well as post-war decodes of wartime Soviet radio traffic from the Venona project, showing that Moscow provided financial support to the CPUSA and had
McCarthyism
Soviet spy in the United States
Office. pp. 25–28. Benson, Robert L. The Venona Story (PDF). Ft. Meade, MD: Center for Cryptologic History. "Venona message, San Francisco to Moscow number
Ignacy_Witczak
Cold War territorial conflict
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Turkish_Straits_crisis
German-born British physicist and atomic spy (1911–1988)
co-secretary of CPC. By September 1949, information from the American Venona project indicated to GCHQ that Fuchs was a spy, but the British intelligence
Klaus_Fuchs
American labor leader (1913–1976)
with the GRU, and as deciphered by the Venona project is "Nick". Velson is referenced in the following Venona decryptions: 1324 GRU New York to Moscow
Irving_Charles_Velson
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
the Venona project or Venona intercepts, which monitored the communications of Soviet intelligence agents. Moynihan wrote that the Venona project contained
Cold_War
American spies
information on the activities of the Perlo group was given by the Venona project. The first Venona transcript referencing the Perlo group gives the names of all
Perlo_group
Soviet spy
code name "Ada" or "Aida" was found in declassified files from the Venona project. This was a counterintelligence program initiated by the United States
Kitty_Harris
1956 quote by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
We_will_bury_you
1997. A major effect of the commission was the declassification of the Venona project. The Commission's key findings were: Secrecy is a form of government
Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy
Moynihan_Commission_on_Government_Secrecy
American anthropologist (born 1947)
recent revelations by their parents' co-defendant Morton Sobell and Venona project documents released in 1995, they now believed that their father was
Robert_Meeropol
Second world war Soviet agent
GRU illegal Arthur Adams. Franklin is referenced in the 26 May 1944 Venona project decrypt. It is a report from Bernard Schuster describing a complaint
Zalmond_Franklin
American linguist and spy
to 1960. She was assigned to the Venona project and is credited with making some of the first recoveries of the Venona codebook. She studied eight foreign
Marie_Meyer_(linguist)
scholars have inspected declassified documents (including those of the Venona project) from U.S. and Soviet archives. They cite these documents to support
Harry_Magdoff_and_espionage
British ring of spies for the Soviet Union
passing information to the Soviets, relying on material uncovered by the Venona project. He further learned one of the suspects was Maclean. Realizing he had
Cambridge_Five
Soviet spy
when Weisband joined the unit. Weisband notified the Soviets that the Venona Project was on the verge of success. To make sure that the FBI was unaware that
Bill_Weisband
Cold War Soviet spy
personnel, the corroboration of Bentley's was the late-1940s-to-early-1950s Venona project decryption of wartime cables between Soviet intelligence agents and
Elizabeth_Bentley
Encryption technique
phrase. The most famous exploit of this vulnerability occurred with the Venona project. Because the pad, like all shared secrets, must be passed and kept secure
One-time_pad
FBI agent
J. Edgar Hoover William C. Sullivan James J. Angleton Manhattan Project Venona Project Meredith Knox Gardner Kim Philby Klaus Fuchs Harry Gold Julius Rosenberg
Robert_J._Lamphere
American spy for the Soviet Union
partner in her husband's espionage activity, and is referenced in several Venona project decryptions. In 1939, she married Akhmerov. In 1945, Lowry was named
Helen_Lowry
American writer (1912–1976)
Security Agency's Venona Project" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 14, 2014. "Venona 207 Moscow to New
John_Scott_(writer)
Publisher (1893–1959)
United States (CPUSA) General Secretary Earl Browder. In a July 1943 Venona project decryption sent by the New York GRU Rezident Pavel Mikhailov to Moscow
Theodore_Bayer
Espionage against the United States by Soviet intelligence agencies
designs. Following the Moynihan Commission, the declassification of the Venona project in 1995 revealed more information about the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Soviet espionage in the United States
Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States
American law enforcement administrator (1895–1972)
the United States. The FBI also participated in the Venona project, a pre-World War II joint project with the British to eavesdrop on Soviet spies in the
J._Edgar_Hoover
American spy for Soviet Union
code name in the Soviet intelligence according to materials from the Venona project was "Miranda", and later changed to "Art". 1251 KGB New York to Moscow
Helen_Koral
1949 Soviet nuclear bomb test
in the espionage case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and during the Venona project. To test the effects of the new weapon, workers constructed houses made
RDS-1
List of members of the Daughters of the American Revolution
Grabeel (1920–2015), mathematician and cryptanalyst who founded the Venona project Allene Wilson Groves (1896–1986), 23rd DAR President General Sarah Elizabeth
List of Daughters of the American Revolution members
List_of_Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution_members
American spy
been a member of the Perlo group of Soviet spies. Fitzgerald's name in Venona project decrypt 588 New York to Moscow, 29 April 1944, was sent in the clear
Edward_Fitzgerald_(adviser)
Main Soviet security agency from 1954 to 1991
Sbornik KGB SSSR Security Service of Ukraine State Security Department Venona project World Peace Council Rubenstein, Joshua; Gribanov, Alexander (eds.).
KGB
British intelligence officer and Soviet double agent (1912–1988)
Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British
Kim_Philby
Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine
K-129 was a Project 629A (Russian: проект 629А, proyekt 629A; NATO reporting name: Golf II-class) diesel-electric-powered ballistic missile submarine
Soviet_submarine_K-129_(1960)
American engineer (1914–2008)
conclusive indications of his espionage. Perseus (spy) Venona project Klaus Fuchs, a fellow Project spy, had been recruited earlier not by the KGB but by
Russell_Alton_McNutt
British diplomat and spy (1913–1983)
had re-used one-time pads. The cryptanalysts working as part of the Venona project, discovered that twelve coded cables had been sent, six from New York
Donald_Maclean_(spy)
Central Intelligence Agency officer (1917–1987)
having tipped them off, based on decoded Soviet communications from the Venona project. Philby was confirmed to be a Soviet mole, but eluded those sent to
James_Jesus_Angleton
Incident which nearly precipitated nuclear warfare
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident
1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alarm_incident
Soviet spy (1898–1967)
agricultural chemistry for civilian purposes. Ovakimian is identified in the Venona project decrypts as "Gennady". "Robert Lamphere". Robert J. Lamphere, The FBI-KGB
Gaik_Ovakimian
Nickname for a clear variant of Coca-Cola from the 1940s
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
White_Coke
1960 act by Nikita Khrushchev in the UN
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Shoe-banging_incident
Former U.S. government agency
World War II. The agency's code name in Soviet intelligence and in the Venona project is "Cabaret". These American citizens were employees of the OCIAA and
Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
Office_of_the_Coordinator_of_Inter-American_Affairs
Ukrainian-born American Bolshevik revolutionary
Golos's espionage operations. The code name Zvuk (Sound) appears in the Venona decryptions as a Soviet source; this has been identified as Jacob Golos
Jacob_Golos
Documents about Russian moles in the US government
Administrative Assistant Lauchlin Currie (Venona cover name "Page") and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Harry Dexter White (Venona cover names "Lawyer"; "Jurist";
FBI_Silvermaster_File
US plan to give ships to the Soviet Union in WWII
Project Hula was a secret program during World War II in which the United States transferred naval vessels to the Soviet Union in anticipation of the
Project_Hula
General Mills-US Air Force surveillance balloon program
Project Genetrix, also known as WS-119L, was a program run by the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and the Central Intelligence Agency during the 1950s under the
Project_Genetrix
Autobiographical work by Pavel Sudoplatov
disinformation in Sudoplatov's memoir in 1994 may have been a reason why the Venona project was declassified in 1995. Nonetheless, Sudoplatov also refuted an apocryphal
Special_Tasks
1961 meeting in Vienna, Austria
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Vienna_Summit
Mysterious death in 1940s Australia
which was revealed by intercepts of Soviet communications under the Venona project.[citation needed] Another theory concerns Boxall, who was reportedly
Somerton_Man
1970s advertising campaign for Dannon (Danone) yogurt in the USA
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
In_Soviet_Georgia
American chemist (1913–2002)
Radiation Laboratory worked on the Manhattan Project. In 1943, Kamen was assigned to Manhattan Project work at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where he worked
Martin_Kamen
Aerial confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1944
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Niš_incident
Alleged American spy for the Soviet Union
She is believed to be identified in Soviet intelligence and in the Venona project files with the code name SLANG, where she is mentioned as engaged in
Jane_Foster_Zlatovski
American spy for the USSR
Soviet intelligence whom she transmitted information to. At least seven Venona project transcripts refer to Kratkova. Haynes and Klehr identify Krotkova as
Christina_Krotkova
Australian-born Soviet spy (born 1914)
counterintelligence services, as a result of the Venona signals interception and decryption project, became aware of some of the activities of "Sally"
Francia_Yakovlevna_Mitinen
Soviet military simulation exercise
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine
French politician (1895–1977)
Through the decrypting of 1943 Soviet intelligence cables through the Venona Project it was established that Cot was an agent of the Soviet Union with the
Pierre_Cot
Covert mission
purpose-modified submarine USS Halibut deep into the Sea of Okhotsk. Funds for the project were diverted secretly from the deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV)
Operation_Ivy_Bells
American engineer, Soviet spy (1918–1979)
Security Agency, VENONA project, ed. (1944-11-14). "Soviet diplomatic communications" (PDF). Arlington Hall. Declassified Documents > VENONA. Retrieved 2017-05-27
Alfred_Sarant
Cold War embargo of Eastern Bloc states
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls
Coordinating_Committee_for_Multilateral_Export_Controls
1947 anti-communist article by American diplomat George F. Kennan
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
X_Article
American diplomat and accused Soviet spy (1904–1996)
NSA for the first time confirmed the existence of the World War II Venona project, which, beginning in 1943, had decrypted or partially decrypted thousands
Alger_Hiss
Soviet trade representation
particles to the full voltage of the high-potential terminal, and for projecting the particles to a distances of a hundred miles or more. The maximum speed
Amtorg_Trading_Corporation
Series of ice hockey exhibition games between Soviet and NHL teams
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Super_Series
Meeting of advancing Soviet and American troops on 25 April 1945 near Torgau, Germany
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Elbe_Day
Microwave radiation incident
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Moscow_Signal
1988 US–Soviet gray whale rescue in northern Alaska
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Operation_Breakthrough
The Ark Project or Ark Project of Freedom was an organisation co-founded by Susan Mesinai in March 1991 in Waterbury, Connecticut, to find out information
Ark_Project
Laboratory near Santa Fe, New Mexico
Timeline of Cox Report controversy Timeline of nuclear weapons development Venona project The site was variously called Los Alamos Laboratory and Los Alamos Scientific
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory
Atomic spy for the Soviet Union (1922–2014)
directly with a Soviet official in New York City. According to the Venona project intercepts decrypted by the National Security Agency between 1944 and
David_Greenglass
access was restricted to classified information in 1949 on the basis of Venona project material, interrogated three times by Skardon in 1959, cleared and access
Jim_Skardon
Farthest advance into German territory at the end of WWII
Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome
Line_of_Contact
English writer and activist (1904–1990)
Later Belfrage was referenced as a Soviet agent in the US intelligence Venona project, although it appears he had been working for British Security Co-ordination
Cedric_Belfrage
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance