AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
Search references for UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM. Phrases containing UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
See searches and references containing UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM!
Search references for UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM. Phrases containing UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
See searches and references containing UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM!UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
Establish relationships between homology and cohomology theories
topology, universal coefficient theorems establish relationships between homology groups (or cohomology groups) with different coefficients. For instance
Universal_coefficient_theorem
Roughly, the number of k-dimensional holes on a topological surface
the homology group in this case is a vector space over Q. The universal coefficient theorem, in a very simple torsion-free case, shows that these definitions
Betti_number
Property of artificial neural networks
In the field of machine learning, the universal approximation theorems (UATs) state that neural networks with a certain structure can, in principle, approximate
Universal approximation theorem
Universal_approximation_theorem
approximation theorem (algebraic topology) Stallings–Zeeman theorem (algebraic topology) Sullivan conjecture (homotopy theory) Universal coefficient theorem (algebraic
List_of_theorems
Construction in homological algebra
Eilenberg around 1950. It was first applied to the Künneth theorem and universal coefficient theorem in topology. For modules over any ring, Ext was defined
Tor_functor
Theorem in algebraic geometry
Combining this proof with the universal coefficient theorem nearly yields the usual Lefschetz theorem for cohomology with coefficients in any field of characteristic
Lefschetz_hyperplane_theorem
Construction in homological algebra
and Saunders MacLane in 1942, and applied to topology (the universal coefficient theorem for cohomology). For modules over any ring, Ext was defined
Ext_functor
Branch of mathematics
theorem Poincaré duality theorem Seifert–van Kampen theorem Universal coefficient theorem Whitehead theorem Algebraic K-theory Exact sequence Glossary of algebraic
Algebraic_topology
Theorem in topology
because h {\displaystyle h} is odd. By the Hurewicz theorem and the universal coefficient theorem for cohomology, the induced homomorphism on cohomology
Borsuk–Ulam_theorem
When r = 1 {\displaystyle r=1} , this is the same thing as the universal coefficient theorem for homology. Assume the abelian group H ∗ ( C ) {\displaystyle
Bockstein_spectral_sequence
Topological concept in mathematics
orientable or not. This follows from an application of the universal coefficient theorem. Let R {\displaystyle R} be a commutative ring. For R {\displaystyle
Closed_manifold
Kind of homology class in differential geometry
H} defined in algebraic topology (as a special case of the universal coefficient theorem). The conventional term Hodge cycle therefore is slightly inaccurate
Hodge_cycle
Simply connected Riemann surface is equivalent to an open disk, complex plane, or sphere
Since every Riemann surface has a universal cover which is a simply connected Riemann surface, the uniformization theorem leads to a classification of Riemann
Uniformization_theorem
Doughnut-shaped surface of revolution
ones-- which can be seen either by direct computation, the universal coefficient theorem or even Poincaré duality. If a torus is punctured and turned
Torus
Connects homology and cohomology groups for oriented closed manifolds
M {\displaystyle H_{i}M\simeq H^{n-i}M} , together with the universal coefficient theorem, which gives an identification f H n − i M ≡ H o m ( H n − i
Poincaré_duality
\mathbb {Z} ),\pi _{n}(Y))\cong 1} for the Ext functor. The Universal coefficient theorem then simplifies and claims: H n ( Y , π n ( Y ) ) ≅ Hom Z
Hopf–Whitney_theorem
Algebraic structure associated with a topological space
output of the universal coefficient theorem when applied to a cohomology theory such as Čech cohomology or (in the case of real coefficients) De Rham cohomology
Homology_(mathematics)
Sufficiency theorem for reconstructing signals from samples
The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is a theorem in the field of signal processing which serves as a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature
S=0} at absolute zero, as required by Nernst's theorem. In practice the absolute Seebeck coefficient is difficult to measure directly, since the voltage
Seebeck_coefficient
Type of topological space
. Alternatively, the result can also be obtained using the Universal coefficient theorem. Complex projective space Quaternionic projective space Lens
Real_projective_space
Algebraic structure with addition and multiplication
knowing each individual integral cohomology group, because of the universal coefficient theorem. However, the advantage of the cohomology groups is that there
Ring_(mathematics)
Algebraic structure used in topology
Y)\to H^{i}(X)\to H^{i}(Y)\to H^{i+1}(X,Y)\to \cdots } The universal coefficient theorem describes cohomology in terms of homology, using Ext groups
Cohomology
Differential form in commutative algebra
{\displaystyle H^{n}(X^{\text{an}},\mathbb {C} )} , which by the universal coefficient theorem is in its turn isomorphic to H n ( X an , Q ) ⊗ Q C . {\displaystyle
Kähler_differential
Concept in algebraic topology
universal coefficient theorem provides a mechanism to calculate the homology with R coefficients in terms of homology with usual integer coefficients
Singular_homology
Zero divisors in a module
abelian group Ray–Singer torsion Torsion-free abelian group Universal coefficient theorem Roman 2008, p. 115, §4 Ernst Kunz, "Introduction to Commutative
Torsion_(algebra)
Term in mathematics
that the homology groups are always torsion-free using the universal coefficient theorem. This implies that the middle homology group is determined by
Complete_intersection
Topological space with only one nontrivial homotopy group
corresponding to coefficient homomorphism Hom ( G , H ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Hom} (G,H)} . This follows from the Universal coefficient theorem for cohomology
Eilenberg–MacLane_space
Branch of mathematics
shows for instance higher homotopy groups are abelian. Universal coefficient theorem Dold–Thom theorem See also: Characteristic class, Postnikov tower, Whitehead
Homotopy_theory
Chinese American mathematician
University Press. 2020. xi+582 pp. ISBN 978-1-108-49106-8. ``The Universal Coefficient Theorem for C*-Algebras with Finite Complexity" (with Rufus Willett)
Guoliang_Yu
Algebraic topology uses abstract algebra to study topological spaces
homology Relative homology Mayer–Vietoris sequence Excision theorem Universal coefficient theorem Cohomology List of cohomology theories Cocycle class Cup
List of algebraic topology topics
List_of_algebraic_topology_topics
Concept in differential geometry
(not canonical) with the elements of H1(M,Z2), which by the universal coefficient theorem is isomorphic to H1(M,Z2). More precisely, the space of the
Spin_structure
Fundamental theorem in probability theory and statistics
is so-called strong mixing coefficient. A simplified formulation of the central limit theorem under strong mixing is: Theorem—Suppose that { X 1 , … , X
Central_limit_theorem
Homology theory for locally compact spaces
a result, there is a short exact sequence analogous to the universal coefficient theorem: 0 → Ext Z 1 ( H c i + 1 ( X , Z ) , Z ) → H i B M ( X , Z )
Borel–Moore_homology
American mathematician (born 1951)
Fort Worth 2009) With Claude Schochet: The Künneth theorem and the universal coefficient theorem for equivariant K-theory and KK-theory, Memoirs American
Jonathan Rosenberg (mathematician)
Jonathan_Rosenberg_(mathematician)
Invariant of algebraic varieties and of more general schemes
defined with coefficients in any abelian group. The theories with different coefficients are related by the universal coefficient theorem, as in topology
Motivic_cohomology
Tool in homological algebra
for p = 0 , n {\displaystyle p=0,n} by the universal coefficient theorem, the E 2 {\displaystyle E^{2}} page looks like ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋯
Spectral_sequence
Limitative results in mathematical logic
Gödel's incompleteness theorems are two theorems of mathematical logic that are concerned with the limits of provability in formal axiomatic theories
Gödel's incompleteness theorems
Gödel's_incompleteness_theorems
Operation that pairs a left and a right R-module into an abelian group
_{\mathbb {Z} }G} is the homology group of C with coefficients in G (see also: universal coefficient theorem). The tensor product of sheaves of modules is
Tensor_product_of_modules
Topological invariant in knot theory
{\displaystyle X} with compact supports and coefficients in Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } . The universal coefficient theorem for H 2 ( X ; Q ) {\displaystyle H^{2}(X;\mathbb
Signature_of_a_knot
Mathematics glossary
transfer transgression triangulation triangulation. universal coefficient The universal coefficient theorem. up to homotopy A statement holds in the homotopy
Glossary of algebraic topology
Glossary_of_algebraic_topology
On the existence of arithmetic progressions in subsets of the natural numbers
Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions is a result in additive combinatorics concerning the existence of arithmetic progressions in subsets of the
Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions
Roth's_theorem_on_arithmetic_progressions
In mathematics, a topological construction
) = 0 {\displaystyle H_{4}(X_{4})=H_{5}(X_{4})=0} , and the universal coefficient theorem giving π 4 ( S 3 ) = Z / 2 {\displaystyle \pi _{4}\left(S^{3}\right)=\mathbb
Postnikov_system
Concept in mathematics
corresponds to the Wigner-Racah coefficients, i.e. the 6j and 9j-symbols, etc. Also important is that the universal enveloping algebra of a free Lie
Universal_enveloping_algebra
On solvability of Diophantine equations
with Matiyasevich completing the theorem in 1970. The theorem is now known as Matiyasevich's theorem or the MRDP theorem (an initialism for the surnames
Hilbert's_tenth_problem
On constructing an aspherical CW complex whose fundamental group is a given group
particularly in homological algebra and algebraic topology, the Eilenberg–Ganea theorem states for every finitely generated group G with certain conditions on
Eilenberg–Ganea_theorem
History of maths
of abstract algebraic structures including representation theory and universal algebra; Homological algebra; Homotopical algebra; Topology using categories
Timeline of category theory and related mathematics
Timeline_of_category_theory_and_related_mathematics
Partial differential equation
smooth Riemann mapping theorem can be generalized to multiply connected planar regions with smooth boundary. The Beltrami coefficient in these cases is smooth
Beltrami_equation
Theorem in statistical mathematics
combined with the central limit theorem, the FT also implies the Green-Kubo relations for linear transport coefficients, close to equilibrium. The FT is
Fluctuation_theorem
Theorem in quantum mechanics
the values of finitely many coefficients which can be measured empirically. Concerning the consequences of Haag's theorem, Wallace's observation implies
Haag's_theorem
Solution of some Diophantine equation
abbreviated P(x, y) = 0) where P(x, y) is a polynomial with integer coefficients, where x1, ..., xj indicate parameters and y1, ..., yk indicate unknowns
Diophantine_set
Given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems
Richard E. Stearns improved the efficiency of the universal Turing machine. Consequent to the theorem, for every deterministic time-bounded complexity
Time_hierarchy_theorem
British diplomat
of Cambridge, 1974, Ph.D. thesis) Andrei-Tudor Patrascu, The Universal Coefficient Theorem and Quantum Field Theory (Springer, 2016), p. 106 "Collecott
Peter_Collecott
Algebraic structure
one or more indeterminates (traditionally also called variables) with coefficients in another ring, often a field. Often, the term "polynomial ring" refers
Polynomial_ring
Moduli space of the Seiberg–Witten equations
classifies singular cohomology, as well as the universal coefficient theorem and the Hurewicz theorem yields: [ M , U ( 1 ) ] = [ M , K ( Z , 1 ) ]
Seiberg–Witten_moduli_space
Quantities describing probability of absorption or emission of light
Einstein coefficients are quantities describing the probability of absorption or emission of a photon by an atom or molecule. The Einstein A coefficients are
Einstein_coefficients
British mathematician
years he was married to his second wife Margaret. papers The Universal Coefficient Theorem in the Cohomology of Groups Journal of the London Mathematical
Karl_W._Gruenberg
Graph that can be embedded in the plane
intersect, so n-vertex regular polygons are universal for outerplanar graphs. Scheinerman's conjecture (now a theorem) states that every planar graph can be
Planar_graph
Dimensionless parameter
The coupling coefficient of resonators is a dimensionless value that characterizes interaction of two resonators. Coupling coefficients are used in resonator
Coupling coefficient of resonators
Coupling_coefficient_of_resonators
Mathematical theorem
Vincent's theorem—named after Alexandre Joseph Hidulphe Vincent [fr]—is a theorem that isolates the real roots of polynomials with rational coefficients. Even
Vincent's_theorem
Polynomial with all terms of degree two
exception. Recently, the 15 and 290 theorems have completely characterized universal integral quadratic forms: if all coefficients are integers, then it represents
Quadratic_form
Explicitly describes the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra
algebras, the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem (or PBW theorem) is a result giving an explicit description of the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra
Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem
Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt_theorem
Function in fluid mathematics
method that describes universal relationships between non-dimensionalized variables of fluids based on the Buckingham π theorem. Similarity theory is
Monin–Obukhov similarity theory
Monin–Obukhov_similarity_theory
Functor type
integer coefficients). Composing this with the forgetful functor we have a contravariant functor from C to Set. Brown's representability theorem in algebraic
Representable_functor
Key result in Hamiltonian mechanics and statistical mechanics
In physics, Liouville's theorem, named after the French mathematician Joseph Liouville, is a key theorem in classical statistical and Hamiltonian mechanics
Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian)
Liouville's_theorem_(Hamiltonian)
Connects the homology of the symmetric groups with mapping spaces of spheres
a branch of mathematics, the Barratt–Priddy theorem (also referred to as Barratt–Priddy–Quillen theorem) expresses a connection between the homology
Barratt–Priddy_theorem
as the matrix coefficient of a K-invariant vector in an irreducible representation of G. The key examples are the matrix coefficients of the spherical
Zonal_spherical_function
Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid
the caloric component of a fluid's internal energy (the equipartition theorem). This motion is named after the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, who first
Brownian_motion
Quantity with no physical dimension
Buckingham π theorem indicates that validity of the laws of physics does not depend on a specific unit system. A statement of this theorem is that any
Dimensionless_quantity
Subfield of information theory and computer science
algorithmic information. Instead of proving similar theorems, such as the basic invariance theorem, for each particular measure, it is possible to easily
Algorithmic information theory
Algorithmic_information_theory
Probability distribution in number theory
distribution that arises as the limit probability distribution of the coefficients in the continued fraction expansion of a random variable uniformly distributed
Gauss–Kuzmin_distribution
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself
Prime_number
Axiomatic logical system
a computable model of Q consisting of integer-coefficient polynomials with positive leading coefficient, plus the zero polynomial, with their usual arithmetic
Robinson_arithmetic
Infinite sum that is considered independently from any notion of convergence
Cauchy–Hadamard theorem. However, as a formal power series, we may ignore this completely; all that is relevant is the sequence of coefficients [1, −3, 5,
Formal_power_series
zero constant coefficient appears countably infinitely many times (use the diagonal enumeration). By Weierstrass approximation theorem, it is dense in
Universal_Taylor_series
Mathematical set of all subsets of a set
power set must be larger than the original set). In particular, Cantor's theorem shows that the power set of a countably infinite set is uncountably infinite
Power_set
Type of differential equation
uniqueness theorems are usually important organizational principles. In many introductory textbooks, the role of existence and uniqueness theorems for ODE
Partial_differential_equation
Graph-theoretic description of polyhedra
In polyhedral combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, Steinitz's theorem is a characterization of the undirected graphs formed by the edges and vertices
Steinitz's_theorem
Branch of mathematics
The fundamental theorem of algebra asserts that every univariate polynomial equation of positive degree with real or complex coefficients has at least one
Algebra
Yes-or-no question that cannot ever be solved by a computer
case of Fermat's Last Theorem; we seek the integer roots of a polynomial in any number of variables with integer coefficients. Since we have only one
Undecidable_problem
One-dimensional complex manifold
group Serre duality Branching theorem Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem Identity theorem for Riemann surfaces Riemann–Roch theorem Riemann–Hurwitz formula Farkas
Riemann_surface
Method of statistical inference
/ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence
Bayesian_inference
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
decomposition UIMA UPGMA Ugly duckling theorem Uncertain data Uniform convergence in probability Unique negative dimension Universal portfolio algorithm User behavior
Outline_of_machine_learning
Branch of mathematical logic
are required to prove theorems of mathematics. Its defining method can briefly be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms", in contrast
Reverse_mathematics
In mathematics, a module that has a basis
independent. Every vector space is a free module, but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there
Free_module
Algebra of formal sums
B} , with the multiplicity of an element in the multiset equal to its coefficient in the formal sum. Another way to represent an element of a free abelian
Free_abelian_group
Extension of the domain of an analytic function (mathematics)
D\subset U} . Using Cauchy's differentiation formula to calculate the new coefficients, one has a k = f ( k ) ( a ) k ! = 1 2 π i ∫ ∂ D f ( ζ ) d ζ ( ζ − a
Analytic_continuation
Mathematical expression using basic operations
terminology to describe parts of an expression: 1 – Exponent (power), 2 – coefficient, 3 – term, 4 – operator, 5 – constant, x , y {\displaystyle x,y} - variables
Algebraic_expression
Number with a real and an imaginary part
precisely, the fundamental theorem of algebra asserts that every non-constant polynomial equation with real or complex coefficients has a solution which is
Complex_number
Measure of dependence between two variables
real-valued random variables and linear dependence like the correlation coefficient, MI is more general and determines how different the joint distribution
Mutual_information
Statistical phenomenon
would call one minus the regression coefficient) times two inches. For height, Galton estimated this coefficient to be about 2/3: the height of an individual
Regression_toward_the_mean
Any planar graph can be subdivided by removing a few vertices
In graph theory, the planar separator theorem is a form of isoperimetric inequality for planar graphs, that states that any planar graph can be split
Planar_separator_theorem
Matrix used in complex analysis
Roughly speaking, the Grunsky inequalities give information on the coefficients of the logarithm of a univalent function; later generalizations by Milin
Grunsky_matrix
Interpretation of probability
sequential use of Bayes' theorem: as more data become available, calculate the posterior distribution using Bayes' theorem; subsequently, the posterior
Bayesian_probability
Correspondsnce between Higgs bundles and fundamental group representations
of nonabelian Hodge theorem, which is to say, an analogy of the Hodge decomposition of a Kähler manifold, but with coefficients in the nonabelian group
Nonabelian Hodge correspondence
Nonabelian_Hodge_correspondence
Representation theory
In mathematics, the Plancherel theorem for spherical functions is an important result in the representation theory of semisimple Lie groups, due in its
Plancherel theorem for spherical functions
Plancherel_theorem_for_spherical_functions
Equation of the state of a hypothetical ideal gas
known as the Joule–Thomson effect. For reference, the Joule–Thomson coefficient μJT for air at room temperature and sea level is 0.22 °C/bar. The equation
Ideal_gas_law
Branch of statistics
moment estimator is also asymptotically normal (due to the central limit theorem and the delta method). Least square estimation (LSE): This method applies
Parametric_statistics
Universal construction of a complex Lie group from a real Lie group
characters of the Hopf algebra of representative functions, i.e. the matrix coefficients of finite-dimensional representations of the group. In any finite-dimensional
Complexification_(Lie_group)
Statistical test
determine, making the t-test more convenient. Because of the central limit theorem, many test statistics are approximately normally distributed for large
Z-test
Locally constant sheaf of abelian groups on topological space
system of local coefficients) on a topological space X is a tool from algebraic topology which interpolates between cohomology with coefficients in a fixed
Local_system
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sarvika | ஸரà¯à®µà®¿à®•à®¾
Universal
Sarvika | ஸரà¯à®µà®¿à®•à®¾
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Agile; Efficient
Boy/Male
Slavic
Universal.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Unefficient; Capable
Boy/Male
Hindu
Universal
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Skillful; Efficient
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rahulraj | ராஹà¯à®²à®°à®¾à®œ
Efficient, Capable
Rahulraj | ராஹà¯à®²à®°à®¾à®œ
Girl/Female
Tamil
Arvika | à®…à®°à¯à®µà®¿à®•à®¾
Universal
Arvika | à®…à®°à¯à®µà®¿à®•à®¾
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vishavam | வீஷாவாம
Universal
Vishavam | வீஷாவாம
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Intelligent; Efficient
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian
Efficient
Girl/Female
Greek
Universal.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Efficient
Girl/Female
Greek
Universal.
Girl/Female
Greek
Universal.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Universal
Boy/Male
Hindu
Efficient, Capable
Boy/Male
Hindu
Universal
Girl/Female
Swedish American Teutonic English German
Universal.
Girl/Female
Greek
Universal.
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
The Soothing Voice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Last
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Warmth
Boy/Male
African, American, Christian, Gaelic, Indian
Prince (in Irish); Brave (in American); Traveller
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Helper of Mankind
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Fond of Honey
Girl/Female
Tamil
Twarita | தà¯à®µà®¾à®°à¯€à®¤à®¾
Fast
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
warrior.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Ali's Title
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Defender of Vishnu; Lion
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENT-THEOREM
n.
Skepticism; universal doubt.
n.
A general abstract conception, so called from being universally applicable to, or predicable of, each individual or species contained under it.
a.
Adapted or adaptable to all or to various uses, shapes, sizes, etc.; as, a universal milling machine.
a.
Constituting or considered as a whole; total; entire; whole; as, the universal world.
a.
Of or pertaining to the universe; extending to, including, or affecting, the whole number, quantity, or space; unlimited; general; all-reaching; all-pervading; as, universal ruin; universal good; universal benevolence or benefice.
n.
Universal measurement.
a.
Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an inefficient administrator.
n.
An efficient cause; a prime mover.
a.
Forming the whole of a genus; relatively unlimited in extension; affirmed or denied of the whole of a subject; as, a universal proposition; -- opposed to particular; e. g. (universal affirmative) All men are animals; (universal negative) No men are omniscient.
adv.
In a universal manner; without exception; as, God's laws are universally binding on his creatures.
a.
Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious; as, inefficient means or measures.
a.
Implying universal presence.
n.
That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.
n.
A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and b are coefficients of x.
n.
A universal proposition. See Universal, a., 4.
n.
The whole; the general system of the universe; the universe.
a.
Universal.
n.
Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power.
n.
A number, commonly used in computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length, volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the coefficient of friction.