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Process of strengthening the foundation of an existing structure
construction or renovation, underpinning is the process of strengthening the foundation of an existing building or other structure. Underpinning may be necessary
Underpinning
Child custody plan included in a marital separation agreement or final decree of divorce
A parenting plan is a child custody plan that is negotiated by parents, and which may be included in a marital separation agreement or final decree of
Parenting_plan
Values underpinning Western civilization
(2022-10-02). "Challenges to globalisation and the impact on the values underpinning international sport agreements". International Journal of Sport Policy
Western_values
Theory of trace monoids
provide a concrete mathematical underpinning for the study of concurrent computation and process calculi. The underpinning is provided by an algebraic definition
Trace_theory
Relationships between music and mathematics
Music theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form
Music_and_mathematics
Canceled Earth observation satellite
TRUTHS (Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies) was a planned European Space Agency (ESA) satellite. It was meant to improve
Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial and Helio Studies
Traceable_Radiometry_Underpinning_Terrestrial_and_Helio_Studies
Agreement defining internal support relationships to underpin an SLA
that the underpinning activities that are performed by several support team components are aligned to provide the intended SLA. If the underpinning OLA is
Operational-level_agreement
Colombian singer-songwriter (born 1977)
and the content of her verbal creations as "poetic". Her music is "underpinned by two things: rock guitar and Latin rhythms". In 2017, Deutsche Welle
Shakira
Subcompact car platform
The HEARTECT platform is an automobile platform that underpins various Suzuki models since 2014. The platform is claimed to utilize "Advanced High Tensile
Suzuki_HEARTECT_platform
Function that applies a set to itself
transform, or self-map is a function f, usually with some geometrical underpinning, that maps a set X to itself, i.e. f: X → X. Examples include linear
Transformation_(function)
Identifier for file formats
identify the intended data format. They are mainly used by technologies underpinning the Internet, and also used on Linux desktop systems. The Internet Assigned
Media_type
Rule established in an earlier legal case
underpinning the previous decision are accordingly used to evaluate the issues of the subsequent case; distinguished, if the principles underpinning the
Precedent
German legal historian (1903–1990)
as a constitutional historian and for his attempts to provide a legal underpinning for the Nazi regime. Huber studied law in Bonn under Carl Schmitt. He
Ernst_Rudolf_Huber
Book by Edward de Bono
The book The Mechanism of Mind by Edward de Bono details the underpinning model of the mind that leads to the many thinking skills developed by its author
The_Mechanism_of_Mind
Aspect of scientific research
closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible
Reproducibility
Association Football league system of Australia
(NPL) in 2013 introduced a direct second tier of soccer in Australia, underpinning the A-League. The NPL incorporated the existing state leagues as divisions
Australian soccer league system
Australian_soccer_league_system
Global system of connected computer networks
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the non-profit
Internet
Motor vehicle platform
faltered in the market, at first underpinning a modest range of compact/mid-size sedans and wagons—and eventually underpinning nearly fifty different models
Chrysler_K_platform
Bilateral relations
Portugal–Spain relations are closely aligned with one another, underpinned by shared membership of the Ibero-American Summit, Council of Europe, European
Portugal–Spain_relations
2004 novel by Brad Meltzer
the clandestine Zero Game. They discover the game has a more sinister underpinning when someone close to them is murdered. According to WorldCat, the book
The_Zero_Game
2019 novel by Arkady Martine
she investigates the death of her predecessor and the instabilities that underpin that society. The book won the 2020 Compton Crook Award and the 2020 Hugo
A_Memory_Called_Empire
British mathematician and broadcaster (born 1984)
Nicola (2 February 2015). "Dr Hannah Fry: the mathematical models that underpin our sexual success". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 May 2025. "She's Done The
Hannah_Fry
Leader of North Korea since 2011
at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in the Amur Oblast, and was described as underpinning how the two countries' interests are aligning. During the meeting, Kim
Kim_Jong_Un
Motor vehicle
the first generation. The third-generation model is built on the same underpinnings as the S-Presso. Since 2006, the Alto has been India's best-selling
Maruti_Suzuki_Alto
Principles of rave culture
at a rave gathering or in a dance club. This universalist philosophy underpinning the tribal dance culture which began circling the globe with the rise
PLUR
British rock supergroup
commercially accessible sound, courtesy of Franklin's fretless bass guitar underpinning an understated song structure. Despite refusing to play old material
The_Firm_(rock_band)
Motor vehicle
manufactured by the Italian automobile manufacturer De Tomaso. Based on the underpinnings of the Apollo Intensa Emozione, the P72 is designed as an homage to
De_Tomaso_P72
Australian author and lawyer (born 1983)
duty to uphold the freedoms granted to us and to protect the values underpinning our society – values such as democracy, tolerance, mutual respect." He
Alex_Ryvchin
American charitable organization
projects, and supports the development of MediaWiki, the wiki software which underpins them all. The foundation was established in 2003 in St. Petersburg, Florida
Wikimedia_Foundation
British regulatory body
create a secure atmosphere for the gamblers. One of the main documents underpinning the activity of the Commission is the Online Gambling Regulation Act
Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission
Isle_of_Man_Gambling_Supervision_Commission
Set of ancient and modern ideals
aging), and yūgen (profound grace and subtlety). These ideals, and others, underpin much of Japanese cultural and aesthetic norms on what is considered tasteful
Japanese_aesthetics
Country in Southern Africa
coloureds and Indians'. Apartheid and the racial identification which underpinned it explicitly linked race with differential access to resources and power
South_Africa
Things made and done for people
production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services which underpins all economic activity and trade. According to economic theory, consumption
Goods_and_services
Non-living factors that affect organisms and ecosystems
of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole. They affect a wide range of species, across all forms
Abiotic_component
Consolidated high-performance computing platform
suggested in 2007 that grid computing "fabrics" were "poised to become the underpinning for next-generation enterprise IT architectures and be used by a much
Fabric_computing
1979–2012 motor vehicle platform from Ford Motor Company
with the Grand Marquis, which saw minor cosmetic changes itself. On the underpinning chassis, a Watt's linkage replaced the triangulated rear control arm
Ford_Panther_platform
Mythical sea monster
according to Zakariya al-Qazwini, is a monster that lies deep below, underpinning the support structure that holds up the earth. In this conception of
Bahamut
British bass player (1947–2014)
1970. Rolling Stone has called his playing with Tull as "stout, nimble underpinning, the vital half of a blues-ribbed, jazz-fluent rhythm section". Cornick
Glenn_Cornick
Industrial automobile model
Different models, variants are distinguishable by technology, components, underpinnings, and/or style and appearance. The methods used to categorise cars into
Car_model
Country in East Asia
Chinese art is generally characterized by a high degree of continuity, underpinned by Daoist, Confucian, and Buddhist philosophies, which emphasize a metaphysical
China
British historian and author
"much-needed reading for scholars who want to dig deeper into the discourse underpinning Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine and the political use of history
Jade_McGlynn
2024 New Zealand TV series
delicious new depths." Parker also described the series as a murder thriller underpinned by black comedy. The New Zealand Herald's Karl Puschmann gave a positive
Dark_City:_The_Cleaner
Jews supporting Jewish settlement in Palestine but not willing to immigrate
non-Zionism and anti-Zionism. A non-Zionist may challenge the theoretical underpinning of the concept of an 'ingathering of the exiles' in an independent Jewish
Non-Zionism
Movement in Orthodox Judaism
United States, and generally in the Western world, Centrist Orthodoxy underpinned by the philosophy of Torah Umadda ("Torah and secular knowledge") is
Modern_Orthodox_Judaism
Grand-touring sports car
company's first dedicated grand tourer and is based on the same platform underpinning the 720S with the addition of a carbon fibre rear deck topped by a glazed
McLaren_GT
Styles of art associated with periods of time and/or locations of artistic activity
had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of
Art_movement
Similar design and engineering specs shared between multiple cars
companies to create distinct models from a design perspective on similar underpinnings. A car platform is not to be confused with a platform chassis, although
Car_platform
Underpinnings of vehicles
platforms are the major structures, designed by Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), which underpin their Jaguar and Land Rover cars. The following platforms are used by JLR
Jaguar Land Rover car platforms
Jaguar_Land_Rover_car_platforms
Relationship without commitments
relationships sometimes include mutual support, affection and enjoyment, which underpin other forms of loving relationship. A casual relationship is sometimes
Casual_dating
Town in Nova Scotia, Canada
in need of protection because the future of its traditional economic underpinnings, the Atlantic fishery, is now very uncertain. The historic core of the
Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia
Motor vehicle
Pars Khodro combined the first generation Renault 5 body and Kia Pride underpinnings. The Renault 5 bodywork was modified and features were added, including
Renault_PK
American drummer (1977–2022)
drumming: His rhythms can be as unkempt and intricate as the music they underpin (the rolling shuffle of "Grey Ice Water", or the stumbling clatter of "Truckers
Jeremiah_Green
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
by protecting the privacy and anonymity of users. The mathematical underpinnings of Tor lead it to be characterized as acting "like a piece of infrastructure
Tor_(network)
1882 book by Friedrich Nietzsche
which would become critical in his next work Thus Spoke Zarathustra and underpins much of the later works. What if some day or night a demon were to steal
The_Gay_Science
drafting of articles and translations. The technological and conceptual underpinnings of Wikipedia predate this; the earliest known proposal for an online
History_of_Wikipedia
Superlative concept in the philosophy of Plato
as those in the physical world. The Good is the fundamental Form that underpins the system of Forms itself by making them meaningful and intelligible
Form_of_the_Good
Academic discipline studying businesses and investments
of managerial decision-making more broadly. It provides the theoretical underpin for the practice described above, concerning itself with the managerial
Finance
Foreign policy school of thought
Foreign Secretary, David Lammy, suggested that Progressive Realism will underpin his foreign policy in a speech to the Fabian Society. Progressive realists'
Progressive_realism
Diplomatic mission
Senate voted in favor of continued funding for the U.S. Embassy in Hanoi, underpinning the ongoing cooperation on the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. On November
Embassy of the United States, Hanoi
Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Hanoi
Science of measuring the shape, orientation, and gravity of Earth
resource management, mineral exploration, and geophysics. Its measurements underpin modern geospatial reference frames used in transportation, satellite systems
Geodesy
Off-road vehicle produced from 2006 to 2010
introduced for the 2006 model year, based on a modified GMT355 that underpinned the Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon compact pickup trucks that were also
Hummer_H3
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
particle, then the next possibility is that general relativity, the theory underpinning modern cosmology, is incorrect. General relativity is well-tested on
Dark_matter
Former executive agency in the UK
have the R&D capacity to produce many inventions, the mutual interest underpinning this relationship has dissipated, and the 'special relationship' is commensurately
Defence Evaluation and Research Agency
Defence_Evaluation_and_Research_Agency
Battery-electric compact luxury crossover SUV
chassis. It will be built in Torslanda and its platform will eventually underpin all Volvo models. It is also the first Volvo to feature a standard NACS
Volvo_EX60
City in Veneto, Italy
embrace of sound monetary policies, especially its reliable gold ducat, underpinned growing confidence in Venetian trade and finance, further strengthening
Venice
Formalist movement in literary theory
(like close reading) are still fundamental tools of literary criticism, underpinning a number of subsequent theoretical approaches to literature including
New_Criticism
Principle in teaching
Principles of Curriculum and Instruction. Constructive alignment is the underpinning concept behind the current requirements for programme specification,
Constructive_alignment
Form of feminism advocated by PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan
Jineology is a component of democratic confederalism, a philosophy underpinning the governance of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Jineology
Operating principle for certain storage media
drives (SSDs) and USB flash drives, and phase-change memory. The idea underpinning wear leveling is similar to changing position of car tires, avoiding
Wear_leveling
Cluster point in a topological space
This concept profitably generalizes the notion of a limit and is the underpinning of concepts such as closed set and topological closure. Indeed, a set
Accumulation_point
Town in South Carolina, United States
with cypress wood for the underpinning. In the late 1940s the company removed the lattice-work and put brick underpinning in its place. The houses were
Lyman,_South_Carolina
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
K.M. and Webster, N.S. (2016) "Insights into the coral microbiome: underpinning the health and resilience of reef ecosystems". Annual Review of Microbiology
Coral
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1923–1924; 1924–1929; 1935–1937)
constitutional integrity which were now perceived—especially by Baldwin—as underpinning the nation's unity and strength." News of the affair was broken in the
Stanley_Baldwin
Battery electric pickup truck
Despite using the Silverado nameplate, the vehicle does not share its underpinnings with the ICE-powered Silverado, as it is built on a narrower version
Chevrolet_Silverado_EV
Country in South Asia
polling for the state assemblies, has, it can be argued, consistently underpinned a fundamentally democratic state structure – despite the anomaly of the
India
Mid-size crossover SUV
did not share platforms. Instead, it used the Ford C1 platform that underpinned the Ford Focus and Mazda3. The CX-7 was discontinued in August 2012 in
Mazda_CX-7
Capital city of Australia
consistent with the original 'bush capital' and 'urban forest' ideals that underpin Canberra's design. Many of Canberra's suburbs are named after former Prime
Canberra
English musician (born 1975)
Bird) at Space Eko Recording Studios London. She commented on the ideas underpinning the album, saying: A lot of it is about the notion of physical proximity
Martina_Topley-Bird
Polish trade union formed in 1980
that led to the creation of Solidarity and provided a philosophical underpinning for the movement.[citation needed] According to Kołakowski, a proletarian
Solidarity (Polish trade union)
Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)
Leader of Spain from 1939 to 1975
of "Spanish Fascism". However, new research material has been argued to underpin the "Fascist subject", both on the basis of the existence of a pervasive
Francisco_Franco
UK Government executive agency
(21 January 2025). "NISTA: PM sets out machinery of government changes underpinning new infrastructure body". Civil Service World. Retrieved 22 January 2025
National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority
National_Infrastructure_and_Service_Transformation_Authority
Concept in criminal jurisprudence
shows the justice. Thus, society approves of the purpose or motives underpinning some actions or the consequences flowing from them (see Robinson),[clarification
Excuse
Research institute in North Yorkshire, England
acquired by Bridgepoint Group for £62m. Fera specialises in the sciences underpinning agriculture for sustainable crop production, environmental management
Fera_Science
Compact crossover SUV
starting in 2023 for the 2024 model year. It adopts a separate design and underpinnings from the internal combustion engine powered Equinox. The Chevrolet Equinox
Chevrolet_Equinox
Motor vehicle platform
Architecture (abbreviated as TNGA) is a modular automobile platform that underpins various Toyota and Lexus models, starting with the fourth-generation Prius
Toyota New Global Architecture
Toyota_New_Global_Architecture
Culture of disciplined Prussian elites
vertical, centralized, paternalistic and iron discipline. Its ideological underpinning consisted of a combination of the markedly aristocratic, warmongering
Prussianism
Spectrum of phonetic resonance in speech production
category. There had to be some way to normalize the spectral information underpinning the vowel identity. Hermann suggested a solution to this problem in 1894
Formant
Metropolis in Uttar Pradesh, India
The city also has a syncretic tradition of Islamic artisanship that underpins its religious tourism. Located in the middle-Ganges valley in the southeastern
Varanasi
2002 studio album by Queenadreena
around. And with the exception of the bulldozing "Pretty Like Drugs" underpinning and a few more startling riffs scattered like afterthoughts, that’s simply
Drink_Me_(Queenadreena_album)
Term in software development
astronaut is a term for an individual who is focused on abstract ideas underpinning software design. It is often used pejoratively. The concept was popularized
Architecture_astronaut
relationship between a nation's factor endowment and its economic productivity underpins much of basic macroeconomics, such as the comparative advantage, international
Factor_endowment
Annual worldwide bodybuilding events
win the Mr Universe title. The early success of the Mr Universe was underpinned by the support of many of the big names taking part such as John Grimek
Universe_Championships
American author and filmmaker (1942–2008)
hybridization, paleontology and/or zoology. Many feature medical or scientific underpinnings, reflective of his own medical background. Crichton received an MD from
Michael_Crichton
Influence that can change motion of an object
mathematical model will require understanding quantum effects. The conceptual underpinning of quantum physics is different from that of classical physics. Instead
Force
Monotypic genus of plants
Fan (12 July 2021). "The Welwitschia genome reveals a unique biology underpinning extreme longevity in deserts". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 4247. Bibcode:2021NatCo
Welwitschia
Chemical compound
water. The compound is a reducing agent and a ligand, and these properties underpin its applications. Historically known as "hyposulphite of soda", sodium
Sodium_thiosulfate
Battery electric compact crossover SUV
The Equinox EV is built on GM’s BEV3 platform, featuring a design and underpinnings different from the ICE-powered Equinox. Equinox EV’s electronics are
Chevrolet_Equinox_EV
English clergyman (1703–1791)
English proponent of Arminianism. Prevenient grace was the theological underpinning of his belief that all persons were capable of being saved by faith in
John_Wesley
Feature of the Linux kernel that partitions kernel resources
alongside cgroups (control groups), are the foundational technologies underpinning modern OS-level virtualization and containerization platforms such as
Linux_namespaces
Mini sport utility vehicle made by Lada
VAZ-2123 is also a development of its predecessor, VAZ-2121's mechanical underpinnings. On 21 December 2020, the car was rebranded the 'Lada Niva Travel'.
Lada_Niva_Travel
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese
God is Gracious
Girl/Female
Indian
Desirous, Wishful, Willing
Boy/Male
Biblical
Judgment, covering, habit.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Hardship; burden.
Female
Hindi/Indian
(इनà¥à¤¦à¥) Hindi name derived from the Sanskrit word for the moon, INDU means "bright drop."
Female
African
predictor of the future.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English pe(e)re ‘pear’ (Old English pere, peru, from Latin pirum), a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of pears, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a pear tree or pear orchard.English : nickname from Middle English pere ‘peer’, ‘companion’ (Old French pe(e)r, from Latin par ‘equal’).Jewish : Americanization of some like-sounding Ashkenazic surname; e.g. possibly a shortened form of a surname such as Pearl, Pearlman, or Pearlstein.
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord, Master one of the nam
Biblical
my God is king
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Jain
Son of Lord Krishna
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Underpin
n.
The foundation, esp. of a frame house.
n.
That by which a building is underpinned; the material and construction used for support, introduced beneath a wall already constructed.
n.
The act of one who underpins; the act of supporting by stones, masonry, or the like.