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Concept in international economics, associated with lesser well-being
Underdevelopment, in the context of international development, reflects a broad condition or phenomena defined and critiqued by theorists in fields such
Underdevelopment
1968 Cuban film
Memories of Underdevelopment (Spanish: Memorias del Subdesarrollo) is a 1968 Cuban drama film directed and co-written by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea. The story
Memories_of_Underdevelopment
were actually limited and their main weakness wasn't in deliberate underdevelopment but in what it failed to do. Niall Ferguson agrees with his last point
Economy_of_Africa
Medical condition
congenital malformation syndrome that features a combination of the underdevelopment of the optic nerve, pituitary gland dysfunction, and absence of the
Septo-optic_dysplasia
Underdevelopment of a tissue or organ
'under' and πλάσις (plasis) 'formation'; adjective form hypoplastic) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ. Although the term is
Hypoplasia
Underdevelopment of the upper jawbone (maxilla)
Maxillary hypoplasia, or maxillary deficiency, is an underdevelopment of the bones of the upper jaw. It is associated with Crouzon syndrome, Angelman syndrome
Maxillary_hypoplasia
Birth defect in which the vagina fails to completely form
Vaginal hypoplasia is the underdevelopment or incomplete development of the vagina. It is a birth defect or congenital abnormality of the female genitourinary
Vaginal_hypoplasia
Genetic disorder characterized by deformity of the skull, face, and/or limbs
disorder which displays several or all of the following characteristics: underdevelopment of the cheek and jaw area, down-sloping of the opening of the eyes
Nager_acrofacial_dysostosis
Class of congenital medical conditions
family of conditions, which are collectively characterized by the underdevelopment of the mouth, jaw, tongue, and extremities. Hanhart syndrome is characterized
Hanhart_syndrome
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
scalpels, pincers and lancets Jean Batou (1991). Between Development and Underdevelopment: The Precocious Attempts at Industrialization of the Periphery, 1800–1870
Ottoman_Empire
Medical condition
Onychoatrophy, also known as nail atrophy, is a faulty underdevelopment of the nail that may be congenital or acquired, in which the nail is thinned and
Onychoatrophy
German-American sociologist (1929–2005)
Wallerstein). (1966) The Development of Underdevelopment. Monthly Review Press. (1967) Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America. Monthly Review Press
Andre_Gunder_Frank
Muscle between the lower spine and the shoulder blade
fibers are commonly spared until late in the disease. Although rare, underdevelopment or absence of the trapezius has been reported to correlate to neck
Trapezius
Oil production in Nigeria
contrasts to Nigeria in 1960 just after independence, when despite British underdevelopment, the nation was more or less self-sufficient in terms of food supply
Petroleum_industry_in_Nigeria
Indian lunar sample-return mission
"craft, vehicle") is an upcoming lunar sample return mission of ISRO underdevelopment now and the fourth iteration in its Chandrayaan programme. As of January
Chandrayaan-4
Group of states not aligned with the US or USSR
Aijaz, Charles K. (1973). The political economy of development and underdevelopment. New York: Random House. Aijaz, Ahmad (1992). In theory: Classes, nations
Third_World
1972 book by Walter Rodney
colonialism is linked to Africa's present underdevelopment.[citation needed] Rodney defines underdevelopment not as the absence of development, but as
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
How_Europe_Underdeveloped_Africa
Marxist notion
of development economics. According to this doctrine, third world underdevelopment is viewed as the result of highly unequal international capitalist
Neocolonial_dependence
Argentine revolutionary (1928–1967)
studying of Marxism–Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism
Che_Guevara
List of African ethnic groups
9 May 2023. Segun Olatunji (27 December 2013). "Egun people blame underdevelopment on minority status". The Punch. Retrieved 13 August 2015. Ndinga Mbo
List of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa
List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups_of_Africa
Country in Southern and Western Europe
July 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023. Alampi, Matteo (December 2007). "Underdevelopment in Southern Italy: Traditional Setbacks and Modern Solutions". Fisher
Italy
Cuban actor and cultural administrator (1938–2008)
he became internationally known for his performances in Memories of Underdevelopment (1968) and The Man from Maisinicu (1973), the latter earning him the
Sergio_Corrieri
Concept in international economics, associated with overconsumption's downsides
consumption. It is the opposite extreme to underdevelopment. In mainstream development theory, the 'underdevelopment' of states, regions or cultures is as
Overdevelopment
1959–60 conflict in Pakistan
The Dir campaign of 1959-1960 refers to a conflict that took place in the Dir state in northern Pakistan. It was originally an insurrection by locals against
Dir_campaign
Medical condition
Hemimelia is a birth defect consisting in unilateral or bilateral underdevelopment of the distal part of the lower or upper limb. The affected bone may
Hemimelia
Medical condition
Papillorenal syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder marked by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the kidney and colobomas of the optic nerve. Ocular
Papillorenal_syndrome
Underdevelopment of the cerebellum in animals
Underdevelopment of the cerebellum in animals
Cerebellar hypoplasia (non-human)
Cerebellar_hypoplasia_(non-human)
Brazilian economist (1920–2004)
intellectuals of the 20th century. His work focuses on development and underdevelopment and on the persistence of poverty in peripheral countries throughout
Celso_Furtado
Ongoing militancy in Northeast India
The Insurgency in Northeast India is ongoing armed conflicts in a number of India's northeastern states between several militants groups with various political
Insurgency_in_Northeast_India
Catholic archbishop of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
also oversaw the completion of St Patrick's Cathedral, which had been underdevelopment for over 30 years. Carr was born on 10 May 1839 near Moylough, Galway
Thomas Carr (archbishop of Melbourne)
Thomas_Carr_(archbishop_of_Melbourne)
Modern politico-economic ideology
Aidan (January 1973). "Neo-Marxist approaches to development and underdevelopment". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 3 (1): 7–33. doi:10.1080/00472337308566845
Neo-Marxism
International relations theory
exploited by European imperialists, leading directly to the modern underdevelopment of most of the continent. The theory was popular in the 1960s and 1970s
Dependency_theory
Abnormally underdeveloped breasts
mammary hypoplasia) is a medical term describing the postpubertal underdevelopment of a woman's breast tissue. Just as it is impossible to define 'normal'
Micromastia
Underdevelopment of the optic nerve
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerve(s). This condition is the most common
Optic_nerve_hypoplasia
Condition characterized by absence of pigment
optic development, leading to misrouting of optic nerve fibers and underdevelopment of the fovea. Lack of skin pigmentation makes for more susceptibility
Albinism_in_humans
Corruption in the Central African Republic is tied to underdevelopment, fragmentation, and pervasive poverty in the country. Ranked 149th out of 180 countries
Corruption in the Central African Republic
Corruption_in_the_Central_African_Republic
Exchange of goods and services for political support
competence. It is often assumed that clientelism is a vestige of political underdevelopment, a form of corruption, and that political modernization will reduce
Clientelism
Medical condition
abnormalities to the face, limbs, ears, nose, vessels and many other underdevelopments. Although operations may improve some abnormalities, many are not
Phocomelia
Form of homeschooling
children who have participated in unschooling may experience academic underdevelopment.[citation needed] The term unschooling probably derives from Ivan Illich's
Unschooling
Election to the 18th Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of West Bengal
the R. G. Kar case and the attempt to hide the involved criminals, underdevelopment, unemployment, etc. created agitation among the public that got reflected
2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
2026_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election
Medical condition
and postnatal growth deficiency, patellar aplasia or hypoplasia, and underdevelopment of both ears. Patients have characteristic facial signs, such as small
Meier-Gorlin_syndrome
British economist and politician (1772–1823)
"Dependency: A formal theory of underdevelopment or a methodology for the analysis of concrete situations of underdevelopment?", World Development, 6 (7–8):
David_Ricardo
Ethnic minority of western Nepal
names. After unification of Nepal by Shaha king, official neglect, underdevelopment and poverty essentially continued through the 19th and 20th centuries
Kham_Magar
Writing created by a person with a writing implement
has seen considerable use in pedagological research. For example, underdevelopment of long-term memory, which is in the lower "resource level" of cognitive
Handwriting
Country in South America
Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC) theses on dependence and underdevelopment. Six days after the golpe, Velasco proceeded to nationalize the International
Peru
Capital city of South Governorate, Lebanon
Sidon (/ˈsaɪdən/ SY-dən), or Saida (/ˈsaɪdə, ˈsɑːɪdə/ SY-də, SAH-id-ə; Arabic: صيدا, romanized: Ṣaydā), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located
Sidon
Political philosophy developed by and centered on Kaysone Phomvihane
society without first passing through a capitalist stage; due to the underdevelopment of Laos, however, the LPRP, still under Phomvihane's direction, assumed
Kaysone_Phomvihane_Thought
Medical condition
or malformed kidneys, absent tibiae, absent fibula, underdevelopment of the radius, and underdevelopment of the ulna. Although less likely, those with Acrorenal
Acrorenal_mandibular_syndrome
American specialist in African studies
inclined him toward the view that Central Africa underwent a period of underdevelopment that began in the mid-19th century and accelerated under colonial rule
Leroy_Vail
Arguments against the economic system of capitalism
theorists including Wallerstein, Andre Frank and Samir Amin have linked underdevelopment with capitalism, emphasising the relationship between the metropolist
Criticism_of_capitalism
Trade and economic policy
ISI. Marxist historians such as Walter Rodney contend that the gross underdevelopment in social services were a direct result of colonial economic strategy
Import substitution industrialization
Import_substitution_industrialization
1808–1833 series of armed conflicts in the Americas
(1994). Independence in Spanish America: Civil Wars, Revolutions, and Underdevelopment. University of New Mexico press. ISBN 978-0826321770. Strachan, Hew
Spanish American wars of independence
Spanish_American_wars_of_independence
Borough in New York City and county in New York State
Heights and Land Value, plus theoretical and zoning-based maps of underdevelopment, all from Radicalcartography.net Historical: 1729 map of Manhattan
Manhattan
2024 poll by the Biafra Republic Government in Exile
referendum is a response to enduring challenges such as marginalization, underdevelopment and insecurity in South East and South South geopolitical zones.[excessive
Biafra_Referendum
Guyanese politician, activist and historian (1942–1980)
pan-African activism and, analysing the causes of the continent's underdevelopment, published How Europe Underdeveloped Africa in 1972. With a view to
Walter_Rodney
1982 philosophy book by Marshall Berman
All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity is a book by Marshall Berman written between 1971 and 1981, and published in New York City
All That Is Solid Melts into Air
All_That_Is_Solid_Melts_into_Air
Birth defect of the development of the brain
agenesis, other degrees of callosal defects exist, including hypoplasia (underdevelopment or thinness), hypogenesis (partial agenesis) or dysgenesis (malformation)
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Agenesis_of_the_corpus_callosum
Cuban writer (1930–2023)
writer and author of the novel Memorias del subdesarrollo (Memories of Underdevelopment), a complex story depicting the alienation of a Cuban bourgeois intellectual
Edmundo_Desnoes
Explanation for the process of modernization within societies
is dependency theory. It emerged in the 1950s and argues that the underdevelopment of poor nations in the Third World derived from systematic imperial
Modernization_theory
Underdevelopment mixed-use complex
Underdevelopment mixed-use complex
Rams_Village_at_Warner_Center
British human geographer and academic
completed her doctorate in 1989 with a thesis titled "Refugees and underdevelopment in Africa: the case of Barundi refugees in Tanzania". Daley previously
Patricia_Daley
Human disease
condition characterized by nipple and breast hypoplasia (or aplasia), i.e. underdevelopment. Features of UMS can be mild to severe and can vary significantly from
Ulnar–mammary_syndrome
Slogan popularised by Karl Marx
Marxists Internet Archive. Post, Ken; Wright, Phil (1989). Socialism and underdevelopment. Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-415-01628-5 – via Google Books. Schaff
From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs
Country in West Asia
where the largest bloc in parliament forms a government. However, the underdevelopment of political parties in a country where tribal identity remains strong
Jordan
Medical condition
Condylar hypoplasia is known as underdevelopment of the mandibular condyle. Congenitally (primary) caused condylar hypoplasia leads to underdeveloped condyle
Condylar_hypoplasia
Approach emphasizing the world-system as the primary unit of social analysis
world-systems analysis are longue durée by Fernand Braudel, "development of underdevelopment" by Andre Gunder Frank, and the single-society assumption. Longue durée
World-systems_theory
telephone cables to the Americas, Spain, and possibly Italy due to underdevelopment. Country code: +53 International call prefix: 00 (https://it.granma
Telecommunications_in_Cuba
President of Singapore from 1981 to 1985
wanted greater attention paid to extreme poverty, unemployment and underdevelopment of their countries. These proposals were accepted and later reflected
Devan_Nair
Hindu agrarian caste in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
ISBN 978-0-7656-0813-0. G. Krishnan-Kutty (1999). The political economy of underdevelopment in India. Northern Book Centre. p. 172. ISBN 978-81-7211-107-6. Krishnan-Kutty
Reddy
Retrieved 12 October 2015. Jean Batou (1991). Between Development and Underdevelopment: The Precocious Attempts at Industrialization of the Periphery, 1800-1870
List of regions by past GDP (PPP) per capita
List_of_regions_by_past_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita
King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909
under Leopold's personal rule led to lasting economic and political underdevelopment in the region. Inspired by works such as Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness
Leopold_II_of_Belgium
Medical condition
More severe cases can have renal and respiratory failure from lung underdevelopment as result of low amniotic fluid volumes, requiring intensive care and
Posterior_urethral_valve
Peruvian sociologist
helped develop Dependency Theory. This theory says that Latin America's underdevelopment resulted from the extraction of their resources by developed or core
Aníbal_Quijano
French geographer and geopolitician
political activities, he continued his research in geography, notably on underdevelopment and the history of the Maghreb. As an assistant at the Institut de
Yves_Lacoste
sharply from major developed economies because of its weak legal system, underdevelopment of modern economic activities, technological backwardness, and lower
Economic history of the Russian Federation
Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation
British surgeon
known as Poland syndrome, a congenital deformity now described as an underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle (pectoralis) on one side of the body
Alfred_Poland
in 1967. Kay, C. (1989). Latin American theories of development and underdevelopment. Routledge. Kay, Cristóbal. (2015) "The agrarian question and the neoliberal
Cristóbal_Kay
Human genetic disorder
common symptom of Treacher Collins syndrome is underdevelopment of the lower jaw and underdevelopment of the zygomatic bone. This can be accompanied by
Treacher_Collins_syndrome
Legislative capital of South Africa
212. ISBN 0-86486-435-3. Mabin, Alan (1989). The Angry Divide-The underdevelopment of the Western Cape, 1850–1900. Cape Town: David Philip. pp. 82–94
Cape_Town
prices and a severe drought in 1888 and 1889, combined with the state's underdevelopment produced resentment of the Northeast, where the Republican Party's
1892 United States presidential election in Colorado
1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado
Loss of motor function in the facial muscles
Moebius syndrome is a bilateral facial paralysis resulting from the underdevelopment of the VII cranial nerve (facial nerve), which is present at birth
Facial_nerve_paralysis
Prime Minister of Nepal from 2011 to 2013
University in 1986. His thesis was published in 2003 as "The Nature of Underdevelopment and Regional Structure of Nepal - A Marxist Analysis". Bhattarai has
Baburam_Bhattarai
Genetic condition, the most common form of dwarfism
include an enlarged head with prominent forehead (frontal bossing) and underdevelopment of the midface (midface hypoplasia). Complications can include sleep
Achondroplasia
French-based creole language
language with French. Hebblethwaite, Benjamin (2012). "French and underdevelopment, Haitian Creole and development: Educational language policy problems
Haitian_Creole
Village development committee in Bheri Zone, Nepal
in this area. Some attribute the lack of resource exploitation to underdevelopment. Consequently, many of Dhime's natural resources remain largely unexplored
Dhime
American sociologist
Slaves to Powerless Citizens: Essays on the Politics and Economics of Underdevelopment, 1804–2013, Westview Press (1988) The Prophet and Power; Jean-Bertrand
Alex_Dupuy
Political party in Egypt
It also calls for drawing up solutions to the problems of poverty, underdevelopment, and challenges the disadvantages of globalism and capitalism. It was
Egyptian_Green_Party
Term for a politically unstable country
1978). "Beyond Dependency Theory: National and Regional Patterns of Underdevelopment in Guatemala". American Ethnologist. 5 (3). American Ethnological Society:
Banana_republic
Medical condition
straight eyebrows; epicanthal folds; a broad, flat nose and nasal bridge; underdevelopment of the midface (midface hypoplasia); a long philtrum; pointed chin;
1p36_deletion_syndrome
Geographical region of China
the most cost-effective way to decrease political unrest and remedy underdevelopment along this frontier. The diverse areas of Southwestern China carry
Southwestern_China
State in southeastern India
sometimes mentioned separately as North Andhra, to raise voice against underdevelopment. The state is divided into 28 districts. These are further divided
Andhra_Pradesh
Italian sociologist (1938–2023)
of work and organisations, post-industrial society, development and underdevelopment, urban systems, creativity, free time, methods and techniques of social
Domenico_De_Masi
Election in India
Retrieved 9 November 2025. "Is landlockedness the reason for Bihar's underdevelopment?". The Hindu. 16 October 2025. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original
2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
2025_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election
Repetitive self-stimulatory behaviour common in neurodevelopmental disorders
perspectives suggest that stimming involves both sensory and motor functions. Underdevelopment of these sensorimotor functions can result in stimming behaviors produced
Stimming
Economic system based on private ownership
undemocratic, is incapable of providing full employment, embeds uneven and underdevelopment between nation states, and leads to an erosion of human rights because
Capitalism
another party. Another cultural factor that exacerbates corruption and underdevelopment is the concept of extended family system, which creates a system of
Corruption_in_the_Gambia
Form of governance
corruption, opportunism, and machine politics. It can contribute to underdevelopment and weak state capacity. In contrast to many other systems of governance
Patrimonialism
Cold War ideology promoting the interests of non-aligned countries
oppressed peoples, seeking to address common challenges such as poverty, underdevelopment, and marginalization. Third World solidarity encompasses various forms
Third-worldism
1970 novel by James Dickey
American suburb, men for whom Nature is a kind of unconscious synonym of underdevelopment." Garner, Dwight (August 24, 2010). "'Deliverance': A Dark Heart Still
Deliverance_(novel)
Resources that exist without actions of humankind
industries ("Dutch disease") and corruption, leading to inequality and underdevelopment. This is known as the "resource curse". Extractive industries represent
Natural_resource
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
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Boy/Male
Indian
One who distinguishes truth from falsehood, Power of discrimination
Boy/Male
Teutonic American Celtic German English French
warrior.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Smile
Boy/Male
Indian
Pilgrim, Visitor of a shrine
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Tamil
Infinite, Endless
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
The Wise One
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Silver; Gold
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Master of Yoga
Boy/Male
Indian
Beautiful Message
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
UNDERDEVELOPMENT