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Idea in the philosophy of science
In the philosophy of science, underdetermination or the underdetermination of theory by data (sometimes abbreviated UTD) is the idea that evidence available
Underdetermination
Material supporting an assertion
confirms Einstein's theory of general relativity. The problems of underdetermination and theory-ladenness are two obstacles that threaten to undermine
Evidence
Knowledge acquired by means of the senses
threatening this role are the problem of underdetermination and theory-ladenness. The problem of underdetermination concerns the fact that the available evidence
Empirical_evidence
Supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something
inconsistent theory is at least as consistent with the evidence. Underdetermination is an epistemological issue about the relation of evidence to conclusions
Theory
View in philosophy of science
physics. Another argument against scientific realism, deriving from the underdetermination problem, is not so historically motivated as these others. It claims
Scientific_realism
Idea in the philosophy of science
motivated his holism through extending Pierre Duhem's problem of underdetermination in physical theory to all knowledge claims. Duhem's idea was roughly
Confirmation_holism
Food made with bread and other ingredients
ISBN 978-0-13-138022-6. Ludlow, Peter (2014). Living Words:Meaning Underdetermination and the Dynamic Lexicon. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-871205-3
Sandwich
Philosophical problem-solving principle
Swinburne, since our choice of theory cannot be determined by data (see Underdetermination and Duhem–Quine thesis), we must rely on some criterion to determine
Occam's_razor
Resemblance to reality
approaches to verisimilitude: compatibility, trivialization, and underdetermination". Synthese. 190 (9): 1647–1687. doi:10.1007/s11229-011-9930-8. S2CID 15527839
Verisimilitude
When a single effect has multiple sufficient causes
to instantiate an effect. Overdetermination here is in contrast to underdetermination, when the number or strength of causes is insufficient. Classical
Overdetermination
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
Carter 2025, § 2. Why Relativism? Baghramian & Carter 2025, § 2.4 Underdetermination of theory by data Davis 2014 Gemes & Sykes 2013, p. 673 Coady 2005
Nihilism
Principle in the philosophy of science
invisible to the naked eye. To neglect such possibilities amounted to underdetermination in which argument for optical artefacts could be urged as being of
Duhem–Quine_thesis
Awareness of facts, or competency
external world. This thought experiment is based on the problem of underdetermination, which arises when the available evidence is not sufficient to make
Knowledge
Language game or cant
secrets]. Langages 25.101:11-29. Vaux, Bert and Andrew Nevins. 2003. "Underdetermination in language games: Survey and analysis of Pig Latin dialects." Linguistic
Pig_Latin
Single slice of bread with food items on top
to some controversy in the philosophy of language study of meaning underdetermination after a judge had to consider whether a burrito was a sandwich for
Open_sandwich
Method of logical reasoning
likewise argues that eliminative strategies face the broader problem of underdetermination, where several different hypotheses may remain compatible with the
Inductive_reasoning
Philosophical argument posed by W. V. Quine (1960)
of reference, and (ii) holophrastic indeterminacy, and (iii) the underdetermination of scientific theory. The last of these, not discussed here, refers
Indeterminacy_of_translation
American philosopher and logician (1908–2000)
holism is much more restricted and limited than Quine's. For Duhem, underdetermination applies only to physics or possibly to natural science, while for
Willard_Van_Orman_Quine
American philosopher (born 1941)
said to cause or govern their behavior. Focusing on the problem of underdetermination, he argued for the possibility that theories could have empirical
Bas_van_Fraassen
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
views in certain respects. The Duhem–Quine thesis, or problem of underdetermination, posits that no scientific hypothesis can be understood in isolation
Analytic_philosophy
Proposed description of the scientific method
progress of science. Physicist Sean Carroll claims the model ignores underdetermination. The hypothetico-deductive approach contrasts with other research
Hypothetico-deductive_model
American philosopher (1932–2025)
interpretations could be imagined. "I wish to say that there is a radical underdetermination of what is said by the literal meaning," emphasizes Searle. The Background
John_Searle
Philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge or certainty
Empiricus Simulated reality Solipsism Trivialism (opposite of skepticism) Underdetermination Zhuang Zhou "Skepticism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved
Philosophical_skepticism
Philosophical doctrine
(ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, Kyle (2017). "Underdetermination of Scientific Theory". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia
Verificationism
Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
(2012), "Classical Logic or Non-Reflexive Logic? A case of Semantic Underdetermination", Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, 68 (1/2): 73–86, doi:10.17990/RPF/2012_68_1_0073
Null_(SQL)
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
ambiguity can be considered to be an instance of the logical concept of underdetermination—for example, X = Y {\displaystyle X=Y} leaves open what the value
Ambiguity
Field of study in analytic philosophy
articulated a reformulation of the Duhem-Quine thesis, which covers the underdetermination of theory by data. It explains that the problem of context will assume
Social_epistemology
2010 Indian film
the values of relations. Presently, Chiranjeevi lands in the city underdetermination to admit Viswanath to the finest school. At the outset, a scammer
Maa_Nanna_Chiranjeevi
1810 book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
equally well.. a century before Duhem and Quine's famous arguments for Underdetermination." "Goethe's critique of Newton was not an attack on reason or science
Theory_of_Colours
Philosophical thesis by Willard Van Orman Quine
categories. Some authors see in the inscrutability of reference an underdetermination of relativism. Quine's example of the word gavagai is traditionally
Inscrutability_of_reference
School of thought in sociology
history do so is irrational. Markus Seidel attacks the main arguments – underdetermination and norm-circularity – provided by Strong Programme proponents for
Strong_programme
Philosophical view that some states of mind, as commonly understood, do not exist
the intentionality that eliminativism denies. Here is a problem of underdetermination or holism that eliminativism shares with intentionality-dependent
Eliminative_materialism
Traditional, still commonplace view of scientific method to develop scientific theories
phenomenon can host multiple, conflicting explanations—the problem of underdetermination—why inference from data to theory lacks any formal logic, any deductive
Inductivism
Principle in systems theory
Computer programming maxim: "there is more than one way to do it" Underdetermination Cummings & Worley, Organization Development & Change, Thomson, 2005
Equifinality
German philosopher and university teacher (1962-)
Beauchamp and James Childress, which, according to them, has a number of underdeterminations or even ambiguities, particularly with regard to the underlying understanding
Michael_Quante
British philosopher (born 1958)
formation of linguistic intentions; (4) appreciating pervasive forms of underdetermination (such as those examined by pragmatists and relevance theorists); (5)
Stephen_Neale
Controversy in psychology
Goldfinch, who argued that this entire criticism is due to the issue of underdetermination - multiple rival explanations can potentially accommodate a phenomenon
Criticism of evolutionary psychology
Criticism_of_evolutionary_psychology
Separation of a set of source signals from a set of mixed signals
y(t)=B\cdot x(t)} Since the chief difficulty of the problem is its underdetermination, methods for blind source separation generally seek to narrow the
Signal_separation
languages can be determined solely by empirical evidence, due to the underdetermination of theories by data. indexical A type of expression whose reference
Glossary_of_logic
Study of the methods of philosophy
the ones about unobservables. This is connected to the problem of underdetermination in the philosophy of science: the problem that the observational evidence
Philosophical_methodology
Semantic property
due to James H. Morris, who called it "extensional equivalence." Underdetermination Dufour, Jean-Marie; Hsiao, Cheng (2008). "Identification". In Durlauf
Observational_equivalence
American philosopher of science and feminist epistemology
interesting scientific theories (the traditional philosophical problem of underdetermination of theories). This gap, too, must be bridged by beliefs and assumptions
Helen_Longino
Topic in systems theory
of science, this was a significant recognition of the principle of underdetermination. The attributes of singularities include the following in various
Singularity_(systems_theory)
Examination of the study of knowledge from a feminist standpoint
the ideas underlying it, such as the lack of justification for the underdetermination theory Harding uses. Pinnick, to illustrate her point about Harding's
Feminist_epistemology
Iranian academic and conservative political activist
JSTOR 25171096, S2CID 142501000 Zibakalam, Saeid (1994), "Relativism Due to Underdetermination of Theory by Data", International Studies in the Philosophy of Science
Saeid_Zibakalam
Philosopher (born 1946)
London School of Economics in 2019, when he became Emeritus Professor. Underdetermination, Realism and Empirical Equivalence, Synthese, Vol 80/2, 2011, pp. 157–172
John_Worrall_(philosopher)
Locality condition in quantum field theory
ISBN 978-0521469463. Bain, J. (1998). "Weinberg on Qft: Demonstrative Induction and Underdetermination". Synthese. 117 (1): 7–8. doi:10.1023/A:1005025424031. JSTOR 20118095
Cluster_decomposition
Topics referred to by the same term
events are causally determined Deterministic system (philosophy) Underdetermination Quantum indeterminacy Uncertainty principle Scientific determinism
Indeterminacy
Austrian philosopher of science
Scientific Revolution Testability Theory Choice Ladenness Scientific Underdetermination Unity of science Variable Control Dependent and independent Theories
Werner_Leinfellner
Philosophical terms
science Quantifiability Quintessence Stochastics Thing in itself Underdetermination Vagueness Nietzsche, F., On Truth and Lies Nietzsche, F. Beyond Good
Indeterminacy_(philosophy)
Washington University in April 1988. The three indeterminacies are (i) the underdetermination of scientific theory, (ii) indetermninacy of translation and (iii)
Holophrastic_indeterminacy
Book by Robert S. Westman
This consideration of alternatives was the first major instance of underdetermination in the history of science (where the same observational evidence equally
The_Copernican_Question
Philosophy journal
Quantification." Christian List. 1999. "Craig's Theorem and the Empirical Underdetermination Thesis Reassessed." Kevin Mulligan. 2007. "Intentionality, Knowledge
Disputatio
American philosopher (1944–2015)
1111/j.1467-9973.1989.tb00402.x. 1991 "More on Quine's Dilemma of Underdetermination." Dialectica: International Journal of Philosophy of Knowledge 45:1
Roger_Gibson
2018 philosophy book by Sander Verhaegh
other views, including his physicalism, behaviorism, and views on underdetermination and the indeterminacy of translation. Overall, Khani says that these
Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine's Naturalism
Working_from_Within:_The_Nature_and_Development_of_Quine's_Naturalism
New Zealand philosopher
approaches to verisimilitude: compatibility, trivialization, and underdetermination", Synthese June 2013, Volume 190, Issue 9, pp 1647–1687. "Truthlikeness"
Graham_Oddie
Short story by Pu Songling
of. The author notes that Pu frequently references the theme of "underdetermination" (Chinese: 虚虚实实, romanized: Fantasy and reality) as seen in other
The_Imperial_Physician
Italian philosopher (1940–2024)
Scientific Revolution Testability Theory Choice Ladenness Scientific Underdetermination Unity of science Variable Control Dependent and independent Theories
Arturo_Carsetti
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Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : patronymic from Wilkin.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Murugan
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish
A Flower; Jasmine
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the female personal name Isabel(l)(a). This originated as a variant of Elizabeth, a name which owed its popularity in medieval Europe to the fact that it was borne by John the Baptist’s mother. The original form of the name was Hebrew Elisheva ‘my God (is my) oath’; it appears thus in Exodus 6:23 as the name of Aaron’s wife. By New Testament times the second element had been altered to Hebrew shabat ‘rest’, ‘Sabbath’. The form Isabella originated in Spain, the initial syllable being detached because of its resemblance to the definite article el, and the final one being assimilated to the characteristic Spanish feminine ending -ella. The name in this form was introduced to France in the 13th century, being borne by a sister of St. Louis who lived as a nun after declining marriage with the Holy Roman Emperor. Thence it was taken to England, where it achieved considerable popularity as an independent personal name alongside its doublet Elizabeth.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Light; House / Home
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African, Ghana, Hindu, Indian, Thai
River; Ganga
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Indian, Tamil
Man Secure from Ills
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Indian
Shinning
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Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Glorious Victory
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Tamil
Righteous
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