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Type of fair use in US copyright law
In United States copyright law, transformative use or transformation is a type of fair use that builds on a copyrighted work in a different manner or for
Transformative_use
Concept in United States copyright law
transformative use. In determining that Prince's appropriation art could constitute fair use and that many of his works were transformative fair uses
Fair_use
American copyright lawsuit
recognized transformative use as something courts could consider in the fair use analysis. The Southern District had begun considering transformative use claims
Blanch_v._Koons
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
In mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function that describes the extent
Fourier_transform
2023 United States Supreme Court case
508 (2023), is a U.S. Supreme Court case dealing with transformative use, a component of fair use, under U.S. copyright law. At issue was the Prince Series
Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith
Andy_Warhol_Foundation_for_the_Visual_Arts,_Inc._v._Goldsmith
Fourier-related transform for signals that change over time
The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a Fourier-related transform used to determine the sinusoidal frequency and phase content of local sections of
Short-time_Fourier_transform
Type of learning powerful enough to revise worldview and self-perception
of adult education. Transformative learning develops autonomous thinking. A perspective transformation leading to transformative learning, however, occurs
Transformative_learning
Nonprofit organization for fan activity
for Transformative Works (OTW) is a nonprofit, fan activist organization. Its mission is to serve fans by preserving and encouraging transformative fan
Organization for Transformative Works
Organization_for_Transformative_Works
Transformative arts is the use of artistic activities, such as story-telling, painting, sculpture and music-making, to precipitate constructive individual
Transformative_arts
original, or potentially transformative concepts?" In March 2012, NSF hosted a workshop at NSF Headquarters on 'Transformative Research: Ethical and Societal
Transformative_research
Series of practices and philosophies designed to create change in social systems
applications of transformative justice practices can meaningfully apply even between people who have had no prior contact. Transformative justice takes
Transformative_justice
Integral transform in mathematics
the Radon transform represents the projection data obtained as the output of a tomographic scan. The inverse of the Radon transform can be used to reconstruct
Radon_transform
fractional Fourier Transform, the Laplace transform, and linear canonical transformations. These transformations are used in signal processing, optics, and quantum
Transform_theory
Variant Fourier transforms
complex-valued Fourier transform concisely contains both the sine and cosine transforms. Since the sine and cosine transforms use sine and cosine waves
Sine_and_cosine_transforms
Integral transform useful in probability theory, physics, and engineering
the Laplace transform evolved naturally as a result. Laplace's use of generating functions was similar to what is now known as the z-transform, and he gave
Laplace_transform
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up transform in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Transform may refer to: Transform (scratch), a type of scratch used by turntablists Transform (Alva
Transform
Branch of mathematics
use Fourier transform analysis for measuring the wavelengths of light at which a material will absorb in the infrared spectrum. The FT method is used
Fourier_analysis
Method of detecting shapes within images
The Hough transform (/hʌf/) is a feature extraction technique used in image analysis, computer vision, pattern recognition, and digital image processing
Hough_transform
Function in discrete mathematics
the DFT is usually computed by efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. The DFT is used in many practical applications of Fourier analysis. In
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Mathematical technique used in data compression and analysis
wavelet transform. A function ψ ∈ L 2 ( R ) {\displaystyle \psi \,\in \,L^{2}(\mathbb {R} )} is called an orthonormal wavelet if it can be used to define
Wavelet_transform
Concept in copyright law
transformative, and as the Supreme Court explained in Campbell, the more transformative a derivative use the more likely the use is to be a fair use.
Derivative_work
Mathematical operation
this way the Hankel transform and its inverse work for all functions in L2(0, ∞). The Hankel transform can be used to transform and solve Laplace's equation
Hankel_transform
2006 American copyright law case
recognized transformative use as something courts could consider in the fair use analysis. The Southern District had begun considering transformative use claims
Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.
Bill_Graham_Archives_v._Dorling_Kindersley,_Ltd.
2013 copyright case in the United States
fair use. The Second Circuit held in 2013 that Prince's appropriation art could constitute fair use, and that a number of his works were transformative fair
Cariou_v._Prince
2014 book by L. A. Paul
about a transformative experience might itself be a form of transformative experience. By the end of 2015 Cass Sunstein had named Transformative Experience
Transformative_Experience
Mathematical transform on discrete signals
Many common integral transforms used in signal processing have their discrete counterparts. For example, for the Fourier transform the counterpart is the
Discrete_transform
1998 US legal case
expression. The court also rejected the defendant's fair use defense finding that any transformative purpose possessed in the derivative work was "slight
Castle Rock Entertainment, Inc. v. Carol Publishing Group Inc.
Castle_Rock_Entertainment,_Inc._v._Carol_Publishing_Group_Inc.
Integral transform used in various branches of mathematics
In mathematics, the Abel transform, named for Niels Henrik Abel, is an integral transform often used in the analysis of spherically symmetric or axially
Abel_transform
Landmark case of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
compact disc, so the files in its My.MP3.com library constituted transformative use under copyright law. MP3.com also accused the record companies of
UMG Recordings, Inc. v. MP3.com, Inc.
UMG_Recordings,_Inc._v._MP3.com,_Inc.
Linear transform from the time domain to the frequency domain
be used to evaluate the Z-transform of the unit impulse response of a discrete-time causal system. An important example of the unilateral Z-transform is
Z-transform
Procedure in computing
a data warehouse. ETL and its variant ELT (extract, load, transform), are increasingly used in cloud-based data warehousing. Applications involve not
Extract,_transform,_load
series of overlapping block transforms remains the same as if a non-overlapping block transform had been used. Lapped transforms substantially reduce the
Lapped_transform
Topics referred to by the same term
In mathematics, Borel transform may refer to A transform used in Borel summation A generalization of this in Nachbin's theorem This disambiguation page
Borel_transform
the finite Fourier transform using sampled data," NASA technical report TME110340 (1997). Harris, Fredric J. (Jan 1978). "On the use of Windows for Harmonic
Finite_Fourier_transform
Integral transform and linear operator
Instead, the Hilbert transform is defined using the Cauchy principal value (denoted here by p.v.). Explicitly, the Hilbert transform of a function (or signal)
Hilbert_transform
Involutive change of basis in linear algebra
Hadamard transform (also known as the Walsh–Hadamard transform, Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform, Walsh transform, or Walsh–Fourier transform) is an
Hadamard_transform
Method for solving linear differential equations using the Laplace transform
Laplace transform is a powerful integral transform used to switch a function from the time domain to the s-domain. The Laplace transform can be used in some
Laplace transform applied to differential equations
Laplace_transform_applied_to_differential_equations
1995 American copyright infringement case
for transformative derivative works merely by entering them as they could have with non-transformative works., Leval had described transformative use in
American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.
American_Geophysical_Union_v._Texaco,_Inc.
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
Fourier transform (FFT) is an algorithm that computes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), or its inverse (IDFT), of a sequence. A Fourier transform converts
Fast_Fourier_transform
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
differential equations. A DCT is a Fourier-related transform similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), but using only real numbers. The DCTs are generally
Discrete_cosine_transform
In mathematics, Legendre transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, which uses Legendre polynomials P n (
Legendre transform (integral transform)
Legendre_transform_(integral_transform)
Integral transform closely related to the Fourier transform
complex phase. However, optical Hartley transforms do not seem to have seen widespread use. The Hartley transform of a function f ( t ) {\displaystyle f(t)}
Hartley_transform
Mapping involving integration between function spaces
transformed function can generally be mapped back to the original function space using the inverse transform. An integral transform is any transform T
Integral_transform
Nonprofit repository for fanfiction
for Transformative Works Legal Committee volunteer Stacey Lantagne has stated that: "The OTW's mission is to advocate on behalf of transformative works
Archive_of_Our_Own
Facebook Oversight Board member
1336–1338. doi:10.1177/1461444821999816. Suzor, Nicolas (2006). "Transformative Use of Copyright Material". LLM Thesis. Queensland University of Technology
Nicolas_Suzor
Method for solving certain nonlinear partial differential equations
scattering transform (or nonlinear Fourier transform) is a method that solves the initial value problem for a nonlinear partial differential equation using mathematical
Inverse_scattering_transform
Modification using the principle of template matching
The generalized Hough transform (GHT), introduced by Dana H. Ballard in 1981, is the modification of the Hough transform using the principle of template
Generalised_Hough_transform
Hashtag and popular Internet meme
Communications analyzed comments on Reddit and Twitter and found a transformative use of the hashtag #NotAllMen, finding that there were women and men supporters
NotAllMen
2007 American legal decision
original images for use in an image search engine constituted a fair use of Perfect 10's images because the use was highly transformative, and thus not an
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc.
In mathematics, a type of conformal map
mathematics, the Joukowsky transform (sometimes transliterated Joukovsky, Joukowski or Zhukovsky) is a conformal map historically used to understand some principles
Joukowsky_transform
In mathematics, Laguerre transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Edmond Laguerre, which uses generalized Laguerre polynomials
Laguerre_transform
Concept in applied mathematics
Fourier transform (NUDFT or NDFT) of a signal is a type of Fourier transform, related to a discrete Fourier transform or discrete-time Fourier transform, but
Non-uniform discrete Fourier transform
Non-uniform_discrete_Fourier_transform
Law relating Art and culture
parody was a transformative work and constituted fair use. The decision emphasized the importance of transformative use in determining fair use, and it stated
Art_and_culture_law
American legal case
character of the use, the court deems all uses of the work by HTDL transformative. Use as a search engine has been deemed transformative before in Kelly
Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust
Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._HathiTrust
Mathematical operation
main efforts to use this formula have come from dealing with approximations or asymptotic analysis of the inverse Laplace transform, using the Grunwald–Letnikov
Inverse_Laplace_transform
Pafnuty Chebyshev. The two most common types of discrete Chebyshev transforms use the grid of Chebyshev zeros, the zeros of the Chebyshev polynomials
Discrete_Chebyshev_transform
Iconic photograph by Susan Meiselas
incorporated appropriated imagery is sufficiently "transformative" and so is protected as a fair use. That overturned the findings of a 1991 high-profile
Molotov_Man
1990 law review article by Pierre N. Leval
turns primarily on whether, and to what extent, the challenged use is transformative. The use must be productive and must employ the quoted matter in a different
Toward_a_Fair_Use_Standard
Learning and teaching strategy
Arletta Bauman Knight; L. Dee Fink, eds. (2002). Team-based learning: a transformative use of small groups. New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-89789-863-8. Michaelsen
Team-based_learning
Transformation of a mathematical sequence
operator with matrix elements Tnk. The transform is an involution, that is, T T = 1 {\displaystyle TT=1} or, using index notation, ∑ k = 0 ∞ T n k T k m
Binomial_transform
Mathematical analysis of frequency content of signals
In mathematical analysis and applications, multidimensional transforms are used to analyze the frequency content of signals in a domain of two or more
Multidimensional_transform
few coefficients by using contourlet transform. The contourlet transform is inspired by the human visual system and Curvelet transform which can capture
Contourlet
Statistical transform
the use of sine or cosine functions. The Box–Muller transform was developed as a more computationally efficient alternative to the inverse transform sampling
Box–Muller_transform
Mathematical operation
notation for the two-sided transform; the B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} used here recalls "bilateral". The two-sided transform used by some authors is T
Two-sided_Laplace_transform
Name and Likeness Licensing Litigation held that under the transformative-use test "EA's use does not qualify for First Amendment protection as a matter
Intellectual property protection of video games
Intellectual_property_protection_of_video_games
Academic journal
centers was held to be non-infringing. One aspect of that defense was transformative use, a relatively new concept at the time, derived from Harvard Law Review
Journal_of_Catalysis
Mathematical operation
Fourier transform (FRFT) is a family of linear transformations generalizing the Fourier transform. It can be thought of as the Fourier transform to the
Fractional_Fourier_transform
Mathematical operation
transform is a homography used in real analysis, complex analysis, and quaternionic analysis. In the theory of Hilbert spaces, the Cayley transform is
Cayley_transform
Fourier-related mathematical transform
discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is a Fourier-related transform of discrete, periodic data similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), with analogous
Discrete_Hartley_transform
In mathematics, Jacobi transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, which uses Jacobi polynomials P n α
Jacobi_transform
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
problem. The quantum Fourier transform was discovered by Don Coppersmith. With small modifications to the QFT, it can also be used for performing fast integer
Quantum_Fourier_transform
always have a different K transform. This uniqueness arises from the use of a monotone, nonlinear transform of the X-ray transform. By selecting the exponential
K-transform
Mathematical operation
}f(t+k)e^{-2\pi kwi}} . The notation Z[f] is used to denote another form of the Zak transform. In this form, the Zak transform of f(t) is defined as follows: Z [
Zak_transform
Statistical concept
Anscombe transform is widely used in photon-limited imaging (astronomy, X-ray) where images naturally follow the Poisson law. The Anscombe transform is usually
Anscombe_transform
In mathematics, the Hermite transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Charles Hermite that uses Hermite polynomials H n ( x ) {\displaystyle
Hermite_transform
Activities done by fans of a work
fandom rights groups like the Organization for Transformative Works, which assert the transformative and therefore legal nature of fan labor products
Fan_labor
1984 painting by Andy Warhol
for writ of certiorari to determine the nature and definition of transformative use, to be heard in their 2022-23 term. In May 2023, the Supreme Court
Orange_Prince
Integral transform
generated by the mother wavelet. The convolution can be computed by using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. Normally, the output X w ( a , b ) {\displaystyle
Continuous_wavelet_transform
characteristic of the Mojette transform is using only additions and subtractions. The second characteristic is that the Mojette Transform is redundant, spreading
Mojette_transform
Use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them
Circuit noted that "transformative use" is not one of the four enumerated fair use factors but is, rather, simply part of the first fair use factor which looks
Appropriation_(art)
Psychoactive substance that induces spiritual experiences
reevaluation of entheogens not only as sacred tools but also as potentially transformative therapeutic agents. The psychedelic experience is often compared to
Entheogen
Mathematical operation
often used in number theory, mathematical statistics, and the theory of asymptotic expansions; it is essentially the same as the Laplace transform and closely
Mellin_transform
Programming idiom for efficiently sorting a list by a computed key
In computer programming, the Schwartzian transform is a technique used to improve the efficiency of sorting a list of items. This idiom is appropriate
Schwartzian_transform
Application of a function to each point in a data set
interpretability or appearance of graphs. Nearly always, the function that is used to transform the data is invertible, and generally is continuous. The transformation
Data transformation (statistics)
Data_transformation_(statistics)
Real square matrix whose columns and rows are orthogonal unit vectors
another example, with appropriate normalization the discrete cosine transform (used in MP3 compression) is represented by an orthogonal matrix. Below are
Orthogonal_matrix
Bunker, Matthew D. (2019-02-25). "Decoding Academic Fair Use: Transformative Use and the Fair Use Doctrine in Scholarship". Journal of Copyright in Education
Paraphrasing of copyrighted material
Paraphrasing_of_copyrighted_material
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
chatbot developed by OpenAI. Originally released in November 2022, the product uses large language models—specifically generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs)—to
ChatGPT
The Kelvin transform is a device used in classical potential theory to extend the concept of a harmonic function, by allowing the definition of a function
Kelvin_transform
equal lengths, each of n bits. To compute the transform for Twofish algorithm, a' and b', from these we use the equations: a ′ = a + b ( mod 2 n ) {\displaystyle
Pseudo-Hadamard_transform
Cycle through all length-k sequences
Burrows–Wheeler transform can be used to generate the required Lyndon words in lexicographic order. de Bruijn sequences can also be constructed using shift registers
De_Bruijn_sequence
Function for integral Fourier-like transform
harmonic analysis. Discrete wavelet transform (continuous in time) of a discrete-time (sampled) signal by using discrete-time filterbanks of dyadic (octave
Wavelet
Estimation method
only in terms of a finite set of statistics. The most common use of the unscented transform is in the nonlinear projection of mean and covariance estimates
Unscented_transform
United States copyright case law
Use Commercial Parody Defense and How to Improve It," Idea v.46 p. 619 (2006). Jeremy Kudon, "Note: Form Over Function: Expanding the Transformative Use
Leibovitz v. Paramount Pictures Corp.
Leibovitz_v._Paramount_Pictures_Corp.
discrete analogue can be computed efficiently using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The transform uses a family of "harmonic" wavelets indexed by two
Harmonic_wavelet_transform
Mathematical transform using in signal processing
The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is a transform based on the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV), with the additional property of being
Modified discrete cosine transform
Modified_discrete_cosine_transform
middle class and 1/4 were working class or poor. These same inherited, transformative assets are leveraged by whites, enabling them to take fuller advantage
Thomas_Shapiro
Japanese art of paper folding
discourage the use of cuts, glue, or markings on the paper. Origami folders often use the Japanese word kirigami to refer to designs which use cuts. In the
Origami
used the phrase transformative social change as part of the subtitle in their book Reading Freire and Habermas: Critical Pedagogy and Transformative Social
Transformative_social_change
Cast with many actors given similar standing
of Soap operas and the history of fan discussion | Transformative Works and Cultures". Transformative Works and Cultures. 1. doi:10.3983/twc.2008.042. Archived
Ensemble_cast
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
transform ciphertext back into the original plaintext using the same encryption key. KeyExpansion – round keys are derived from the cipher key using the
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname from Old French mignot ‘dainty’, ‘pleasing’.English and French : from Minnota, a pet form of the female personal name Minna. This was originally a Germanic personal name from Old High German minna ‘love’, but later it was also used as a short form of Willemina, a feminine version of William.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Lichfield in Staffordshire. The first element preserves a British name recorded as Letocetum during the Romano-British period. This means ‘gray wood’, from words which are the ancestors of Welsh llŵyd ‘gray’ and coed ‘wood’. By the Old English period this had been reduced to Licced, and the element feld ‘pasture’, ‘open country’ was added to describe a patch of cleared land within the ancient wood.English : habitational name from Litchfield in Hampshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Liveselle. This is probably from an Old English hlīf ‘shelter’ + Old English scylf ‘shelf’, ‘ledge’. The subsequent transformation of the place name may be the result of folk etymological association with Old English hlið, hlid ‘slope’ + feld ‘open country’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for a stonemason, Middle English, Old French mas(s)on. Compare Machen. Stonemasonry was a hugely important craft in the Middle Ages.Italian (Veneto) : from a short form of Masone.French : from a regional variant of maison ‘house’.George Mason (1725–92), the American colonial statesman who framed the VA Bill of Rights and Constitution, which was used as a model by Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence, was a VA planter, fourth in descent from George Mason (?1629–?86), a royalist soldier of the English Civil War who had received land grants in VA. As well as being prominent in the affairs of VA, the family also produced the first governor of MI.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of the habitational name Marston. The two forms seem to have been used interchangeably.French : habitational name from places so called in Marne and Meuse, or from Marçon in Sarthe.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : name for someone who was related to an important local personality, from Middle English maugh, maw ‘relative’, especially by marriage (from Old English mÄge ‘female relative’). In the north of England this term was used more specifically to mean ‘brother-in-law’.English : topographic name from Middle English mawe ‘meadow’. Some early forms, such as Sibilla de la Mawe (Suffolk 1275), clearly indicate a topographic origin, by reason of the preposition and article.English : probably also from a Middle English personal name, Mawe, Old English MÄ“awa, perhaps originally a byname from Old English mÇ£w ‘sea mew’, ‘seagull’ (compare Mew).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a moneyer, Old English myntere, an agent derivative of mynet ‘coin’, from Late Latin moneta ‘money’, originally an epithet of the goddess Juno (meaning ‘counselor’, from monere ‘advise’), at whose temple in Rome the coins were struck. The English term was used at an early date to denote a workman who stamped the coins; later it came to denote the supervisors of the mint, who were wealthy and socially elevated members of the merchant class, and who were made responsible for the quality of the coinage by having their names placed on the coins.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Mander 1.English : habitational name from Maund Bryan or Rose Maund in Herefordshire, possibly named in Old English as ‘(place at) the hollows’, from the dative plural of maga ‘stomach’ (used in a topographical sense). Mills suggests it may alternatively be a survival of an ancient Celtic term magnis, probably meaning ‘the rocks’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English nickname mǣw, mēaw ‘seagull’, or the same word used as a personal name, Mēawa. Compare Maw.English : metonymic occupational name for someone in charge of a mew, a cage for hawks and falcons, especially while moulting, from Old French mue, a derivative of muer ‘to moult’ (from Latin mutare ‘to change’).
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Indian (southern states)
English, Scottish, and Indian (southern states) : variant spelling of Matthew. It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) and French
English (of Norman origin) and French : nickname from Old French marmion ‘monkey’, ‘brat’.Irish : as well as being a Norman English name as in 1, this has been used in recent times for Merriman.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the medieval personal name Masselin. This originated as an Old French pet form of Germanic names with the first element mathal ‘speech’, ‘counsel’. However, it was later used as a pet form of Matthew. Compare Mace. A feminine form, Mazelina, was probably originally a pet form of Matilda.English and French : possibly a metonymic occupational name for a maker of wooden bowls, from Middle English, Old French maselin ‘bowl or goblet of maple wood’ (a diminutive of Old French masere ‘maple wood’, of Germanic origin). In some cases it may derive from the homonymous dialect terms maslin, one of which means ‘brass’ (Old English mæslen, mæstling), the other ‘mixed grain’ (Old French mesteillon).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Merrow in Surrey, possibly so named from Old English mearg ‘marrow’ used figuratively to mean ‘fertile ground’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Marsh.French : habitational name from places so named in Ardèche, Ardennes, Gard, Loire, Nièvre, and Meurthe-et-Moselle, from the Latin personal name Marcius, used adjectivally.French : from the personal name Meard, Mard, Mart, vernacular forms of the saint’s name Médard. Morlet notes that there are a number of places called Saint-Mars, formerly recorded in Latin as Sanctus Medardus.French : from the name of the month, mars ‘ March’, denoting seed sown in March, and hence a metonymic name for an arable grower.French (De Mars) : habitational name from Mars in the Ardennes.Dutch : from a short form of the personal name Marsilius.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English vernacular form, Maudeleyn, of the New Testament Greek personal name Magdalēnē. This is a byname, meaning ‘woman from Magdala’ (a village on the Sea of Galilee, deriving its name from Hebrew migdal ‘tower’), denoting the woman cured of evil spirits by Jesus (Luke 8:2), who later became a faithful follower. In Christian folk belief she was generally identified with the repentant sinner who washed Christ’s feet with her tears in Luke 7; hence the name came to be used as a byname for a prostitute, also a tearful woman. The popularity of the personal name increased with the supposed discovery of her relics in the 13th century.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : via Old French from the Germanic personal name Milo, of unknown etymology. The name was introduced to England by the Normans in the form Miles (oblique case Milon). In English documents of the Middle Ages the name sometimes appears in the Latinized form Milo (genitive Milonis), although the normal Middle English form was Mile, so the final -s must usually represent the possessive ending, i.e. ‘son or servant of Mile’.English : patronymic from the medieval personal name Mihel, an Old French contracted form of Michael.English : occupational name for a servant or retainer, from Latin miles ‘soldier’, sometimes used as a technical term in this sense in medieval documents.Irish (County Mayo) : when not the same as 1 or 3, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Maolmhuire, Myles being used as the English equivalent of the Gaelic personal name Maol Muire (see Mullery).Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : unexplained.Dutch : variant of Miels, a variant of Miele 3.John Miles or Myles (c.1621–83), born probably in Herefordshire, England, was a pioneer American Baptist minister who emigrated to New England in 1662 and had a pastorate in Swansea, MA. Many of his descendants spell their name Myles.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for someone with a deformed mouth, or for someone who made excessive use of the mouth in eating, drinking, or talking, from Middle High German mūl ‘mouth’.German : possibly a nickname from Middle High German mūl ‘mule’.English : from Mall, a medieval pet form of the female personal name Mary (see Marie 1).
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : regional name from Old French Poitevin, denoting someone from Poitou in western France. The form Potvin has long been established in England and was brought to the U.S. from there. However, French bearers of the surname Poitevin also came to the New World, where their surname underwent a similar transformation on arrival in New England.
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rudresh | ரூதà¯à®°à¯‡à®·Â
Fearful Lord
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Loyal
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, Welsh
Ardent; Fiery
Male
Yiddish
 Variant spelling of Yiddish Lieber, LIBER means "beloved." Compare with another form of Liber.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Jenvitha | ஜேநà¯à®µà¯€à®¤à®¾
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Lord
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil
To Donate
Biblical
the queen
Boy/Male
Latin
Hammer. Mars (Roman god of war). A Roman clan name.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Traditional
Wealth Giving Lord; Another Name for Kubera
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
TRANSFORMATIVE USE
n.
The transformation of men into beasts.
n.
Transformation into the form of a human being.
n.
Transformation; change of shape.
n.
Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis.
n.
Change of form; transformation.
n.
Change of form, or structure; transformation.
n.
The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment, either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.
n.
The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition.
n.
A change of form, direction, or the like; transformation; conversion; turning.
n.
The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.
n.
The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation.
n.
Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis.
n.
The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being transmogrified; transformation.
a.
Having power, or a tendency, to transform.
n.
A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion.
n.
A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a transformation of the outward life.
n.
A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. See Inverse figures, under Inverse.
n.
The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value.
n.
Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or symbols.
n.
The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater consistence.