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Sequence of all twelve chromatic tones
In music, a tone row or note row (German: Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set, is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of
Tone_row
Musical composition method
music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes. All 12 notes are thus given more or
Twelve-tone_technique
Musical tone series
In music, an all-interval twelve-tone row, series, or chord, is a twelve-tone tone row arranged so that it contains one instance of each interval within
All-interval_twelve-tone_row
This is a list of tone rows and series. For a list of unordered collections, see set (music), Forte number, list of set classes, and trope (music). Five
List_of_tone_rows_and_series
Telecommunication signaling system
tone and a 1209 Hz high tone. Initial pushbutton designs employed levers, enabling each button to activate one row and one column contact. The tones are
DTMF_signaling
Musical tuning system of 24 tones per octave
ratios of the tones of each row and performance practice, as of 1996, has not been investigated using electronic measurements. The current tone system is
Arab_tone_system
Topics referred to by the same term
a database table Tone row, an arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale Rów, Pomeranian Voivodeship, north Poland Rów, Warmian-Masurian
Row
Musical method or technique of composition
alternative translation of the German Zwölftontechnik (twelve-tone technique) or Reihenmusik (row music); it was independently introduced by Stockhausen and
Serialism
Mode in Arabic music
of music and is "unique to Arabic art music". There are 72 heptatonic tone rows or scales of maqamat. These are constructed from augmented, major, neutral
Arabic_maqam
Canadian musician (1911–1982)
associated with the twelve-tone technique. He is the author of the musical treatise The Definitive Cycle of the Twelve Tone Row. Tremblay was also noted
George_Tremblay
Concept in music
music using the twelve tone technique, combinatoriality is a quality shared by twelve-tone tone rows whereby each section of a row and a proportionate number
Combinatoriality
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
Chinese, whereas if two dipping tones occur in a row, the first becomes a rising tone, indistinguishable from other rising tones in the language. For example
Tone_(linguistics)
Unfinished opera by Alban Berg
twelve-tone technique. Rather than using one tone row for the entire work, however, he gives each character his or her own tone row, meaning that the tone rows
Lulu_(opera)
Any ordering of the elements of a musical set
combined in each case with transposition, as found within the tone row (or twelve-tone series) from Anton Webern's Concerto: If the first three notes
Permutation_(music)
1934 composition by Anton Webern
(German: Konzert für neun Instrumente) is a twelve-tone chamber piece composed in 1934. Its tone row is one of the most notable in history. The piece is
Concerto for Nine Instruments (Webern)
Concerto_for_Nine_Instruments_(Webern)
Russian composer (1882–1971)
the technique, and Canticum Sacrum (1956) was his first to be based on a tone row. Stravinsky's last major work was the Requiem Canticles (1966), which was
Igor_Stravinsky
Sequence of frequencies
series (also overtone series) is the sequence of harmonics, musical tones, or pure tones whose frequency is an integer multiple of a fundamental frequency
Harmonic_series_(music)
American avant-garde composer (1912–1992)
a tone row technique with 25-note rows. After studies with Schoenberg, who never taught dodecaphony to his students, Cage developed another tone row technique
John_Cage
Action-adventure video game series
franchise's roots, with a focus on gang warfare and a less "wacky" tone than Saints Row IV. It also contains a different sense of humor compared to the other
Saints_Row
Contiguous three-note set from a musical scale
trichord is a contiguous three-note set from a musical scale or a twelve-tone row. In musical set theory there are twelve trichords given inversional equivalency
Trichord
Operation in music
entire piece of music into another key. Similarly, one might transpose a tone row or an unordered collection of pitches such as a chord so that it begins
Transposition_(music)
1949 book
twelve-tone technique, using a tone row to sequence the chromatic scale into intervallic shapes. To try to avoid reinstating tonal centricity, no tone is
Philosophy_of_New_Music
Piece for piano by Arnold Schoenberg
25, is a 12-tone piece for piano composed between 1921 and 1923. The work is the earliest in which Schoenberg employs a row of "12 tones related only
Suite_for_Piano_(Schoenberg)
Scale in which each note is separated from its neighbors by a whole tone
referred to above in his Violin Concerto. The last four notes of the 12-tone row Berg used are B, C♯, E♭ and F, which, together with the first note, G,
Whole-tone_scale
consists of an approximate arch created by "theme" and variations. The tone row used was nontraditional in construction in several respects including number
Nones_(Berio)
String quartet composed by Robert Gerhard
orchestration or in the shape of the tone-rows. From this moment on, he also took over from Schoenberg in the didactic field of 12-tone teaching, giving lectures
String Quartet No. 1 (Gerhard)
String_Quartet_No._1_(Gerhard)
Melodic inversion and reversed ordering of a musical motif's pitches
developed twelve-tone technique, retrograde inversion became a crucial compositional strategy. Along with transposition, a tone row could be transformed
Retrograde_inversion
American composer and conductor (1900–1990)
and Inscape for orchestra (1967). Unlike Schoenberg, Copland used his tone rows in much the same fashion as his tonal material—as sources for melodies
Aaron_Copland
Relationship among tones of the chromatic scale
fourths multiply by 5 (P5). In twelve-tone equal temperament, one can start off with an ordered 12-tuple (tone row) of integers: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Circle_of_fifths
Series of four notes separated by three intervals
cents)—but in modern use it means any four-note segment of a scale or tone row, not necessarily related to a particular tuning system. Three modal patterns
Tetrachord
2011 action-adventure game
Saints Row: The Third is a 2011 action-adventure game developed by Volition and published by THQ. It is the sequel to 2008's Saints Row 2 and the third
Saints_Row:_The_Third
second tone. It has been concluded that it is identical at least in terms of auditory perception. When there are three or more third tones in a row, the
Standard_Chinese_phonology
Concept in music
with the property of combinatoriality, two twelve-note tone rows (or two permutations of one tone row) are used simultaneously, thereby creating, "two aggregates
Complement_(music)
String quartet music by Alban Berg
relation to the tone row and other components of the movement." In the sixth movement, tone row 1 is while tone row 2, derived from tone row 1, is In 1928
Lyric_Suite_(Berg)
Six-note synthetic chord that appears in compositions by Alexander Scriabin
natural-tone-row [overtones] [...], counting up to 20, includes everything from the octave to the quarter tone, (and) useful and useless musical tones. The
Mystic_chord
the twelve-tone technique, derivation is the construction of a row through segments. A derived row is a tone row whose entirety of twelve tones is constructed
Derived_row
1929 musical work by Anton Webern
symmetry". He used the same tone row for both movements. The material is even more cohesive because the second half of the row is derived from the first
Symphony_(Webern)
American record label
devoid of high-profile Death Row guest appearances, instead showcasing Outlawz and Bad Azz, and had a much darker tone. Suge Knight was now barely reachable
Death_Row_Records
Austrian composer and conductor (1883–1945)
twelve-tone rows as the "solution". In Op. 15/iv ("Morgenlied", 1922), Webern first used a tone row (as the opening vocal line), charting the four basic row
Anton_Webern
Top-to-bottom rearrangement of a musical interval, chord, or melody
as illustrated by the example to the right. In twelve-tone technique, the inversion of a tone row is one of its four traditional permutations (the others
Inversion_(music)
Austrian composer (1892–1977)
was a student of Alban Berg and the inventor of the all-interval twelve-tone row. He studied with Schoenberg from 1917 to 1918, with Berg from 1918 to 1924
Fritz_Heinrich_Klein
Musical scale set of twelve pitches
0-11 mod twelve. Thus two perfect fifths are 0-7-2. Tone rows, orderings used in the twelve-tone technique, are often considered this way due to the increased
Chromatic_scale
Musical motif spelling BACH
Variations for Orchestra, Op. 31 1937–38 – Anton Webern: String Quartet (the tone row is based on the BACH motif) 1942 – Charles Koechlin: Offrande musicale
BACH_motif
1947–49 composition for piano by Samuel Barber
structure". Barber worked several twelve-tone tone rows into the movement's texture. Tischler writes that in these rows, the composer prioritizes the musical
Piano_Sonata_(Barber)
Austrian chamber music ensemble
composers of the Second Viennese School. The name alludes to the tone row of twelve-tone technique. The ensemble held a last concert in 2019. Friedrich
Die_reihe
Austrian-American composer (1874–1951)
modified way" to twelve-tone music more generally. In the aftermath of World War I, Schoenberg began to use ordered tone rows in his compositions. Schoenberg
Arnold_Schoenberg
American classical composer
21-tone rows. This system is similar to the more familiar 12-tone system of serial composition, but the rows Santini used as the basis of his 21-tone compositions
Dalmazio_Santini
Austrian composer and music theorist
to many of Hauer's twelve-tone techniques. In contrast to a twelve-tone row that contains a fixed succession of twelve tones, a trope consists of two complementary
Josef_Matthias_Hauer
1953–1957 ballet by Igor Stravinsky
he used a twelve-tone row, introduced in the second coda, at bar 185. Earlier in the work, Stravinsky had employed a seventeen-tone row, in bars 104–107
Agon_(ballet)
1971 studio album by Bill Evans
pianist's performing repertoire and was recorded many times. "T.T.T." is a tone row composition, employing the serial technique of composer Arnold Schoenberg;
The_Bill_Evans_Album
Musical operation
process that may apply to a musical variable (usually a set or tone row in twelve tone music, or a melody or chord progression in tonal music), or rhythm
Transformation_(music)
Genre of art music
the term of serialism's "total organization," here drawn not from the 12-tone row, but from Henry Cowell's theories about using the same structuring devices
Totalism
A duration row or duration series is an ordering of a set of durations, in analogy with the tone row or twelve-tone set. Olivier Messiaen's "Mode de valeurs
Duration_series
Six-note series in musical notation
six notes. The notes did not need to be contiguous members of a scale or tone row. David Lewin used the term in this sense as early as 1959. Carlton Gamer
Hexachord
Symbol or mark representing linguistic tone
Tone letters are letters that represent the tones of a language, most commonly in languages with contour tones. They are used both in language orthographies
Tone_letter
1948 music composition by Milton Babbitt
Westergaard described as a solution to the above problems. The combinatorial tone row used may be represented: 0 1 4 9 5 8 3 t 2 e 6 7 Slowly Expanding Milton
Composition for Twelve Instruments
Composition_for_Twelve_Instruments
1929 concert aria by Alban Berg
a parody of a tango (bars 39, 181) and includes an alto saxophone. The tone row contains a complete ascending D harmonic minor scale and the remaining
Der_Wein
Polyphonic music with separate melodies
(or perhaps minor) third, etc. (Compare, in twelve-tone technique, the inversion of the tone row, which is the so-called prime series turned upside down
Counterpoint
1936 composition by Anton Webern
during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The
Variations_for_piano_(Webern)
Unfinished German opera
DVD. Moses and Aron is based entirely on a single tone row, itself constructed from cells: This row is then combined with versions of itself so that the
Moses_und_Aron
2007 studio album by Blotted Science
Arnold Schoenberg in the 1920s. "Oscillation Cycles" is composed around a tone row of 12 notes played forward, and then backwards. The song only consists
The_Machinations_of_Dementia
Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist (1906–1975)
In some of his later works (e.g., the Twelfth Quartet), he made use of tone rows. His output is dominated by his cycles of symphonies and string quartets
Dmitri_Shostakovich
1948 music composition by Milton Babbitt
four registers reveals two additional tone rows. The set of notes contained in the two high registers form a tone row, as do the notes in the lower two registers
Composition for Four Instruments
Composition_for_Four_Instruments
Concepts in music
properties of a trope, one can make precise statements about any twelve-tone row that can be created from it. A composer can utilize this knowledge in many
Trope_(music)
Array representation in computer memory
In computing, row-major order and column-major order are methods for storing multidimensional arrays in linear storage such as random access memory. The
Row-_and_column-major_order
Music composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen
listener. Nonetheless, a traditional twelve-tone row is used as its basis: This is a symmetrical all-interval row, in which the first half consists of the
Gruppen
Twelve pieces by Philip Glass
suddenly disappeared, to reveal a completely new view. Glass uses a 12-tone row in Part 12 of this work. The work has been recorded three times: first
Music_in_Twelve_Parts
University in Russia
Don State Technical University (Russian: Донской государственный технический университет; Donskoi gosudarstvenny tehnicheski universitet) is a university
Don State Technical University
Don_State_Technical_University
1971 musical theatre work by Leonard Bernstein
and 12-tone serialism, Renaissance polyphony and Mahler, jazz, Broadway and down-home Americana. ... Yes, Bernstein could manipulate a 12-tone row with
Mass_(Bernstein)
scale Algorithmic composition All-interval tetrachord All-interval twelve-tone row Alla breve Allegro Allemande Alpha scale Alta cappella Altered chord Altered
Index_of_music_articles
1951 film by Fletcher Markle
instruments. He also employed a tone row in the main-title theme, believed to have been the first used in a feature film. The tone row begins E-D-G-A-(Re), and
The_Man_with_a_Cloak
technique is most associated with the twelve-tone technique, created by its 'total thematicism' where a tone-row (melody) generates all (harmonic) material
Unified_field
Perceived tones when real tones are sounded
combination tone (also called resultant tone or subjective tone) is a psychoacoustic and sometimes physical phenomenon of an additional tone or tones that are
Combination_tone
Public university in Tampines, Singapore
The Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) is a public autonomous university in Singapore. The founding president is Thomas L. Magnanti,
Singapore University of Technology and Design
Singapore_University_of_Technology_and_Design
American songwriter and composer
B-flat minor, and made the lead melodies and chords out of atonal twelve-tone rows in short bursts of variously shaped motives.[citation needed] The soundtrack
David_Shire
French harmonic color and timbral shading, and freer musical form. A twelve-tone row opens the work and recurs discontinuously alongside other motivic material
Petite_symphonie_concertante
Action-adventure video game
"wacky" tone of Saints Row IV and later games in the series, instead bringing back the balance between comedy and seriousness that Saints Row 2 had. Volition's
Saints_Row_(2022_video_game)
distortion pedals was popularized by Keith Richards' use of a Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tone pedal on the 1965 Rolling Stones song "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction". Later
List_of_distortion_pedals
Set of all pitches that are a whole number of octaves apart
more useful. Flat (music) Sharp (music) Pitch circularity Pitch interval Tone row (List) Arnold Whittall, The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism (New York:
Pitch_class
American jazz pianist and composer (1920–2012)
could not accept. According to his son Chris Brubeck, though, a twelve-tone row is in The Light in the Wilderness, Dave Brubeck's first oratorio. In it
Dave_Brubeck
Type of hexachord
number 6–20 in Allen Forte's taxonomic system. The primary form of the tone row used in the Ode allows the triads of G minor, E♭ minor, and B minor to
"Ode-to-Napoleon"_hexachord
Private universisty in Alexandria and Cairo, Egypt
The Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT) or (AAST) (Arabic: الأكاديمية العربية للعلوم والتكنولوجيا والنقل البحري) is a regional
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
Arab_Academy_for_Science,_Technology_and_Maritime_Transport
1968 sonata for violin and piano by Dmitri Shostakovich
all published editions. In soft crotchet (or quarter-note) octaves, a tone-row in the piano opens the work, reminiscent of the first bars of Sergei Prokofiev's
Violin_Sonata_(Shostakovich)
1942 composition by Arnold Schoenberg
soloist. The piece features consistent use of the twelve-tone technique and only one tone row ("the language is very systematic, it's the true dodecaphonic
Piano_Concerto_(Schoenberg)
Art movement
produces sequential structures defined similarly to those of a twelve-tone row, found for example in Max Bill's series, Fünfzehn Variationen über ein
Serial_art
Series of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen
has been compared by Rudolph Stephan to a German lied: the (unspecified) tone-row is used in such a way that some notes appear only twice, others three times
Klavierstücke_(Stockhausen)
Topics referred to by the same term
icosahedral surface quasi-symmetry pattern In music, the transposition of a tone row In number theory, a transcendental number having finite, but unbounded
T-number
Topics referred to by the same term
ordered sets used in serialism including tone rows Harmonic series (music) Serialism, including the twelve-tone technique Anime series Book series Comic
Series
Study of the practices and possibilities of music
adjacent tones is called a semitone, or half step. Selecting tones from this set of 12 and arranging them in patterns of semitones and whole tones creates
Music_theory
Private University in Bangladesh
Independent University, Bangladesh (Bengali: ইন্ডিপেন্ডেন্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, more commonly known as IUB) is a private research university in Bangladesh
Independent University, Bangladesh
Independent_University,_Bangladesh
1966 oratorio by Krzysztof Penderecki
work (Wordsworth 2013, 47). The principal tone row, Cantus Firmus I, is C♯–D–F–E–E♭–F♯–G–G♯–B–B♭–A–C. The tone row of Cantus Firmus II is E–E♭–F–F♯–D–C♯–G–A♭–B♭–A–C–B
St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)
Medical university in Russia
The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, also known as Sechenov University, is a public medical university in Moscow, Russia. The predecessor
First Moscow State Medical University
First_Moscow_State_Medical_University
Mathematical invariance under transformations
symmetrical pitch relations was probably Alban Berg's Quartet, Op. 3 (1910). Tone rows or pitch class sets which are invariant under retrograde are horizontally
Symmetry
American film composer (1929–2004)
composition was written in three sections developed from one common 12-tone row including the "turbulent" first section, the "introspective" second section
Jerry_Goldsmith
2008 action-adventure game
of cooperative and competitive game modes. Saints Row 2's developers opted for a more comedic tone to set the game apart from the Grand Theft Auto series
Saints_Row_2
Music symbol
may be reduced to three which make up the "nucleus" of the maqam: The tone rows of maqamat may be identical, such as maqam bayati and maqam 'ushshaq turki:
Bayati_(maqam)
Musical transformation that maps an entity onto itself
cycle, 048, produces itself. Performing a retrograde operation upon the tone row 01210 produces 01210. Doubling the length of a rhythm while doubling the
Identity_(music)
number: M5, M7, M11. M5 and M7 are inversions of each other. M11 inverts the tone row. Herbert Eimert used the terms "Quartverwandlung" (fourth transformation)
Multiplication_(music)
Music written to accompany a film
Schoenbergian utopia that children of the future would be whistling 12-tone rows." Even so, considering they are often the most popular modern compositions
Film_score
Topics referred to by the same term
to: All-interval hexachord All-interval tetrachord All-interval twelve-tone row This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title All-interval
All-interval
TONE ROW
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