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Fusion power device
A spherical tokamak is a type of fusion power device based on the tokamak principle. It is notable for its very narrow profile, or aspect ratio. A traditional
Spherical_tokamak
UK prototype fusion power plant programme
Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) is a United Kingdom programme to design and build a prototype fusion power plant based on a spherical tokamak
Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production
Spherical_Tokamak_for_Energy_Production
British fusion power research company
ST-25HTS. From 2018 the company has operated the ST40 high-field compact spherical tokamak, which in March 2022 reached plasma ion temperature above 100 million
Tokamak_Energy
UK experimental fusion power reactor
23056°W / 51.65917; -1.23056 Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) was a nuclear fusion experiment, testing a spherical tokamak nuclear fusion reactor, and commissioned
Mega_Ampere_Spherical_Tokamak
Magnetic confinement device used to produce thermonuclear fusion power
completion by 2034. Many smaller designs, and offshoots like the spherical tokamak, such as at MAST upgrade in the UK, continue to be used to investigate
Tokamak
US nuclear fusion reactor
The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is a magnetic fusion device based on the spherical tokamak concept. It was constructed by the Princeton
National Spherical Torus Experiment
National_Spherical_Torus_Experiment
Nuclear fusion experiment
full-sized machine to use the spherical tokamak design, which aimed to greatly reduce the aspect ratio of the traditional tokamak design. The experiment began
Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak
Small_Tight_Aspect_Ratio_Tokamak
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
operating (50) worldwide. Spherical tokamak: Also known as spherical torus. A variation on the tokamak with a spherical shape. Stellarator: Twisted rings
Fusion_power
Former experimental tokamak at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
knowledge from TFTR to begin studying another approach, the spherical tokamak, in their National Spherical Torus Experiment. The Japanese JT-60 is very similar
Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor
became prominent; the compact tokamak sited the magnets on the inside of the vacuum chamber, and the spherical tokamak with as small a cross section as
History_of_nuclear_fusion
List of efforts toward artificial nuclear fusion
of a Small Spherical Tokamak". Madison, WI, USA: Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, Sept 1997 V.I. Vargas, "Re-commissioning of the Spherical Tokamak MEDUSA in Costa
List_of_fusion_experiments
The GLAss Spherical Tokamak (or GLAST) is a name given to a set of small spherical tokamaks (i.e. magnetic confinement fusion reactors) located in Islamabad
GLAST_(tokamak)
Spherical Tokamak Experiment (Portuguese: ETE - Experimento Tokamak Esférico) is a machine dedicated to plasma studies in low aspect ratio tokamaks.
ETE_(tokamak)
International nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject
Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. "MAST". Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 1
ITER
UK government research organisation
engineering technology of tokamak fusion reactors. The centrepiece of CCFE's programme is the MAST Upgrade spherical tokamak experiment - the successor
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority
Approach to controlled thermonuclear fusion using magnetic fields
Globus-M (Russia) currently running. Spherical tokamaks have improved stability properties compared to conventional tokamaks and as such the area is receiving
Magnetic_confinement_fusion
UK's national laboratory for controlled fusion research
site of the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) and the now closed Joint European Torus (JET) and Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (START). Formerly known
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
Culham_Centre_for_Fusion_Energy
Indian fusion energy research device
SST-1 (or Steady State Superconducting Tokamak) is a plasma confinement experimental device in the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), an autonomous
Steady State Superconducting Tokamak
Steady_State_Superconducting_Tokamak
Chinese tokamak
SUNIST (or Sino-UNIted Spherical Tokamak) is a small spherical tokamak in the Department of Engineering Physics of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
SUNIST
Canadian company created to develop fusion power
of steam-driven pistons. In 2018, the firm published papers on a spherical tokamak and a recent conceptual design was presented at the 30th IEEE Symposium
General_Fusion
Plasma physics experiment
University of Wisconsin–Madison. It is a spherical tokamak, a very low-aspect-ratio version of the tokamak configuration, i.e. the minor radius of the
Pegasus_Toroidal_Experiment
Plasma device using external magnets to confine plasma
reducing the central hole. Modern spherical tokamaks, such as the UK's MAST with a ratio of 1.3, achieve near-spherical shapes by elongating the tube vertically
Stellarator
Topics referred to by the same term
condition predicate String theory, a model of subatomic structure Spherical tokamak or spherical torus (ST), a type of fusion power device Stanton number (St)
ST
Topics referred to by the same term
phosphatase, an enzyme Serial transverse enteroplasty, a surgical procedure Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production, a UK nuclear fusion project STEP (satellite)
Step
British plasma physicist
and fusion energy. He is Director of Science and Technology for the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme. He was previously Professor
Howard_Wilson_(physicist)
American nuclear fusion company
Fusion Industry Association General Fusion Helion Energy Polywell Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production Boyle, Alan (30 November 2017). "TAE Fusion
TAE_Technologies
Ongoing chronological account of events using or studying nuclear fusion
experiments into a tighter spherical design. The JT-60 tokamak was upgraded to JT-60U in March. On November 9, the JET tokamak achieves the first 50-50
Timeline_of_nuclear_fusion
Tokamak fusion energy device
on larger, spherical tokamak MAST. Operation of COMPASS was discontinued due to insufficient resources for the operation of both tokamaks, however, the
COMPASS_tokamak
Process in plasma physics
injection, used to create the initial plasma current in the NSTX spherical tokamak, led Fatima Ebrahimi to propose a plasma thruster that uses fast magnetic
Magnetic_reconnection
experiments. Specifically, the PV Rotamak can be used as either a spherical tokamak or a field-reversed configuration. Some time between 2015 and 2017
Prairie_View_Rotamak
Characteristic quantity of plasmas
needed for confinement. In practice, most tokamaks operate at beta of order 0.01, or 1%. Spherical tokamaks typically operate at beta values an order
Plasma_beta
a spherical fusion reactor using a plasma to replace the usual central column. The device used is the repurposed Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak. "Protosphera
Proto-Sphera
can be made. Compact toroids are also similar to the spherical tokamak, and many spherical tokamak machines were converted from earlier spheromak reactors
Compact_toroid
Planned fusion facility
cost-sharing basis. The 3 October 2019 UK Atomic Energy announcement of its Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) grid-connected reactor for 2040 suggests
DEMOnstration_Power_Plant
United States Department of Energy program
Stellarators, Inc., Branchburg, NJ) Realta Fusion, Inc. (Madison, WI) Tokamak Energy, Inc. (US subsidiary of UK-based company, Bruceton Mills, WV) Type
Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program
Milestone-Based_Fusion_Development_Program
Arrangement of plasma formed into a toroidal shape
a traditional tokamak, but in a much smaller size and simpler form. This evolution led to considerable research on the spherical tokamak during the 1990s
Spheromak
2488703. Staff (2009–2025). "Tokamak Energy: Delivering transformative fusion energy and superconducting technologies". Tokamak Energy Ltd. Abingdon, Oxfordshire
List of nuclear fusion companies
List_of_nuclear_fusion_companies
(Levitron) High beta tokamak (HBT-EP) Levitated dipole Odd-parity RMF Reversed field pinch (MST, RFX-Mod Italy) Tokamak (Spherical tokamak (MAST, NSTX), Spheromak
List of fusion power technologies
List_of_fusion_power_technologies
Coal and gas fired power stations in Nottinghamshire, England
location for the first nuclear fusion power plant to be built under the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme. The station is built on the
West_Burton_power_stations
Laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey, United States
energy source. It is known for the development of the stellarator and tokamak designs, along with numerous fundamental advances in plasma physics and
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory
forming. Spheromak Field-reversed configuration, a similar concept Spherical tokamak, essentially a spheromak formed around a central conductor–magnet
Dynomak
European Union research consortium
fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland WEST Tokamak CEA, France MAST Upgrade Spherical tokamak CCFE, United Kingdom Wendelstein 7-X stellarator Stellarator IPP at
EUROfusion
2010 American fusion reactor project
pressure to magnetic pressure is greater than or equal to 1 (compared to tokamak designs' 0.05), allows a compact design and expedited development. The
Lockheed Martin Compact Fusion Reactor
Lockheed_Martin_Compact_Fusion_Reactor
Nuclear reactor vessel lining
European Torus (JET) at its startup (1983), in Tokamak à configuration variable (1992) and in National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX, first plasma 1999)
Plasma-facing_material
Soviet physicist (1912–1962)
in the former Soviet Union who invented and developed the first working tokamak. Yavlinsky was born to a Jewish family of doctors on 13 February 1912 at
Natan_Yavlinsky
Fusion reactor design
target fusion Pinch (plasma physics) Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production Stellarator Timeline of nuclear fusion Tokamak TAE Technologies Z-pinch (zeta pinch)
Polywell
British businessman and author (born 1986)
and spacecraft propulsion. In 2017, Pulsar Fusion began work on a Spherical tokamak reactor inspired by research at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
Richard_Dinan
Computer code for analyzing tokamak plasma experiments
Superconducting Tokamak and HL-2M in China; Tore Supra WEST (formerly Tore Supra) in France; and in DIII-D DIII-D (tokamak) and NSTX-U National Spherical Torus
TRANSP
Magnetic confinement fusion reactor
the rotamak as a field-reversed configuration (Rotamak-FRC) and a spherical tokamak (Rotamak-ST)". Physics of Plasmas. 6 (5): 1950–1957. Bibcode:1999PhPl
Field-reversed_configuration
Topics referred to by the same term
a component of the National Space Science Data Center Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak, a nuclear fusion experiment in the UK Mikulski Archive for Space
Mast
British Labour politician (born 1988)
secured additional investment into the district, including the flagship Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) prototype fusion energy plant being built
James_Naish
American physicist
tokamak fusion pilot plant design activities. Units under TES include the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U), the Lithium Tokamak Experiment-Beta
Rajesh_Maingi
British physicist (1941–2002)
established the tokamak as the primary magnetic fusion energy device to this day. He was also instrumental in the development of the spherical tokamak design though
Derek_Robinson_(physicist)
disturbance Sun SUNIST, Sino-UNIted Spherical Tokamak, Alfven wave current drive experiments in spherical tokamak plasmas Superlens, Plasmon-assisted
List of plasma physics articles
List_of_plasma_physics_articles
Energy Ion Scattering Facility Medium frequency MeerKAT Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak Megalethoscope Megasonic cleaning Megatsunami Megavoltage X-rays Meghnad
Index_of_physics_articles_(M)
Sphere packing Spherical aberration Spherical cow Spherical harmonics Spherical model Spherical multipole moments Spherical tokamak Spherically symmetric spacetime
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
Village in Oxfordshire, England
Plasma image from the MAST spherical tokamak machine at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
Culham
American nuclear fusion and energy company
Its stated goal is to build a small fusion power plant based on the ARC tokamak design. It has participated in the United States Department of Energy’s
Commonwealth_Fusion_Systems
College in Fukuoka, Japan
houses a fusion research reactor (Q-shu Univ. Exp. with Steady-State Spherical Tokamak) The Power Supply Ridge is the generator supplies electricity for
Campus_of_Kyushu_University
Report Howard Wilson – Director of Science and Technology for the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme (2025–) Stan Woodell – Lecturer
List of alumni of Hatfield College, Durham
List_of_alumni_of_Hatfield_College,_Durham
Plasma experiments
the rotamak as a field-reversed configuration (Rotamak-FRC) and a spherical tokamak (Rotamak-ST)". Physics of Plasmas. 6 (5): 1950–1957. Bibcode:1999PhPl
Princeton field-reversed configuration
Princeton_field-reversed_configuration
Fusion power reactor design
Atomic Energy Commission shut the program down in 1977 to focus on the tokamak and magnetic mirror. Some of the lack of interest in theta since the 1970s
Theta_pinch
Soviet-American plasma physicist
particles and associated plasma instabilities in compact tori and spherical tokamaks". Rosen, Raphael (September 7, 2015), "Scientists propose an explanation
Elena_Belova_(physicist)
American plasma physicist
Roney, P.; Wertenbaker, J. (2009). "Fast scanning probe for the NSTX spherical tokamak". Review of Scientific Instruments. 80 (12): 123506–123506–10. Bibcode:2009RScI
Jose_Boedo
French physicist (born 1948)
Sattin, F. (2021). Breakdown of adiabatic invariance of fast ions in spherical tokamaks. Nuclear Fusion, 61(10), 106025. Escande, D. F., Sattin, F., & Zanca
Dominique_Franck_Escande
Costa Rican plasma and nuclear fusion physicist
Wisconsin-Madison in the United States compelling them to donate a spherical tokamak, known as a MEDUSA (Madison Education Small Aspect Ratio, now known
Iván_Vargas_Blanco
Experimental fusion reactor in the United Kingdom
tested on ZETA, and was later used to confirm the results of the Soviet tokamak approach. In another, while examining ZETA test runs it was noticed that
ZETA_(fusion_reactor)
small subscale solenoids for compact tokamaks 2021 Fusion nuclear science facilities and pilot plants based on the spherical tokamak Menard 2016 v t e
Fusion Nuclear Science Facility
Fusion_Nuclear_Science_Facility
Pakistani theoretical physicist (born 1939)
as the director of the National Tokamak fusion Program, and oversaw the commissioning of the GLAss Spherical Tokamak (GLAST) at the Pakistan Institute
Ghulam_Murtaza_(physicist)
Topics referred to by the same term
Space Station QUEST Q-shu University Experiment with Steady-State Spherical Tokamak, a fusion research experimental device on the campus of Kyushu University
Quest_(disambiguation)
British plasma physicist
– halo currents. This research was undertaken on the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy. Melanie showed that MAST
Melanie_Windridge
British-American plasma physicist
Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, where he worked at the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) and the Joint European Torus (JET) for 16 years until 2009
Richard_J._Buttery
Iranian-American physicist
fields) can be used to create the initial plasma current in compact spherical tokamaks and produce thrust for space propulsion. Her proposed electromagnetic
Fatima_Ebrahimi
confinement fusion, specifically a form of tokamak of low aspect ratio named a spheromak, which the firm terms a "spherical torus". They are working toward reacting
ENN_Group
Linear accelerator
disruption mitigation and tokamak refueling. Magneto-inertial fusion seeks to implode a magnetized D-T fusion target using a spherically symmetric, collapsing
Plasma_railgun
1946 proposed fusion power device
ISBN 978-1-908977-43-4. Furth, Harold (30 April 1981). "Father of the tokamak". New Scientist. Vol. 90, no. 1251. pp. 274–276. Braams, C. M.; Stott,
Toroidal_solenoid
Early 2010s fusion energy effort
development, the other being magnetic confinement fusion (MCF), notably the tokamak concept which is being built in a major experimental system known as ITER
Laser_Inertial_Fusion_Energy
Software infrastructure for building distributed control systems
Country Africa iThemba LABS South Africa Asia KSTAR – Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research Republic of Korea J-PARC – Joint Facility for High Intensity
EPICS
Doughnut-shaped surface of revolution
lattice Real projective plane Sphere Spiric section Surface (topology) Tokamak Toric lens Toric section Toric variety Toroid Toroidal and poloidal Torus-based
Torus
Materials testing facility
torus Pinch Dense plasma focus Reversed field Theta Zeta Stellarator Tokamak Spherical Spheromak Dynomak Toroidal solenoid Magneto-inertial Magnetized liner
International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility
International_Fusion_Materials_Irradiation_Facility
Rocket driven by nuclear fusion power
configuration for terrestrial fusion is the tokamak, a form of magnetic confinement fusion. Currently tokamaks weigh a great deal, so the thrust to weight
Fusion_rocket
Proposed uses of generating power from nuclear fission and fusion
on the tokamak fusion reactor, optimising for nuclear waste disposal versus power generation. The principles behind using either ICF or tokamak reactors
Nuclear_fusion–fission_hybrid
2022 TV series or program
experiment currently being assembled in southern France is based on the tokamak design. But at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, engineer Stephanie
Rendezvous_with_the_Future
Apparatus to create nuclear fusion
the Soviets using the tokamak. In response to this surprising development, the AEC decided to concentrate funding on large tokamak projects, and reduce
Fusor
Laboratories owned by the United States Department of Energy
fusion facility". General Atomics. Retrieved February 20, 2023. "National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade". Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Retrieved
United States Department of Energy National Laboratories
United_States_Department_of_Energy_National_Laboratories
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
the actinides. Fusion power seeks to use fusion for energy development; tokamaks and stellarators are the dominant designs in magnetic confinement fusion
Nuclear_fusion
Experimental fusion power device
the 1950s and 60s, with a strong physical resemblance to the z-pinch and tokamak devices. The major difference was that it used radio waves to heat the
Diffusion_Inhibitor
1954 U.S. thermonuclear weapon test in the Marshall Islands
tamper surfaces. It is a problem also shared with fusion reactors such as tokamaks, that has to do with the ablated heavy particles; For a hydrogen weapon
Castle_Bravo
Method of storing energy
generators. DIII-D (tokamak) at General Atomics the Princeton Large Torus (PLT) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Also the non-tokamak: Nimrod synchrotron
Flywheel_energy_storage
Compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces
pinch Orthogonal pinch effect Ware pinch – A pinch that occurs inside a Tokamak plasma, when particles inside the banana orbit condense together. Magnetized
Pinch_(plasma_physics)
ISBN 978-0-12-407861-1. Tang, W. M. (January 2011). "Microinstability theory in tokamaks". Nuclear Fusion. 18 (8): 1089. doi:10.1088/0029-5515/18/8/006. Austin
Intermediate-Current Stability Experiment
Intermediate-Current_Stability_Experiment
Low-frequency plasma wave
example, a {\displaystyle a} could be the minor radius of the torus in a tokamak. The Alfvén wave velocity in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics is v = c
Alfvén_wave
inequalities and pioneering quantum information science". 1982 to 1997 – Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at PPPL, Princeton, US: Operated since 1982
Timeline_of_quantum_mechanics
aging, diabetes, muscle-related and obesity interventions. 16 December Tokamak Energy announces a more efficient design for the cryogenic electronics
2021_in_science
Integral transform in mathematics
Detachment tomographic inversion study with fast visible cameras on the COMPASS tokamak (Bachelor's thesis). Czech Technical University in Prague. hdl:10467/111617
Radon_transform
and Experimental Physics (ITEP) Lev Artsimovich, builder of the first tokamak, researcher of high temperature plasma Gurgen Askaryan, predicted self
List_of_Russian_people
acoustic paramagnetic resonance Lev Artsimovich, builder of the first tokamak, researcher of high temperature plasma Gurgen Askaryan, predicted self
List_of_Russian_scientists
Company in Ann Arbor, United States
Novosibirsk. Today this meeting is known as the coming-out party for the tokamak, although at the time it was not considered terribly important. Many other
KMS_Fusion
October – MIT announces a new record for plasma pressure in an Alcator C-Mod tokamak nuclear fusion reactor, achieving over 2 atmospheres of pressure for the
2016_in_science
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SPHERICAL TOKAMAK
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SPHERICAL TOKAMAK
SPHERICAL TOKAMAK
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