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Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
A spaceplane is a vehicle that can fly and glide as an aircraft in Earth's atmosphere and function as a spacecraft in outer space. To do so, spaceplanes
Spaceplane
2015 Swiss spaceplane concept based on the Hermes design
(Sub-Orbital Re-Usable Aircraft) was a planned partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept which would launch small satellites on a suborbital
SOAR_(spaceplane)
US reusable automated cargo lifting-body spaceplane
Dream Chaser is an American reusable lifting-body spaceplane developed by Sierra Space. Conceived as a crewed vehicle, it is being developed in a cargo
Dream_Chaser
Aerospace company (e. 2022)
systems with nontoxic propellants, as well as an uncrewed suborbital spaceplane with rapidly reusable flight characteristics. Dawn Aerospace was co-founded
Dawn_Aerospace
Soviet/Ukrainian heavy strategic cargo aircraft
remains unbuilt. AKS Intended to carry the Tupolev OOS air-launch-to-orbit spaceplane; a twin-fuselage design consisting of two An-225 fuselages, with the OOS
Antonov_An-225_Mriya
Reusable robotic spaceplane used by US military since 2010
space by a launch vehicle, re-enters Earth's atmosphere, and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities
Boeing_X-37
Experimental spaceplane/booster (2013–2020)
The DARPA XS-1 was an experimental spaceplane/booster with the planned capability to deliver small satellites into orbit for the U.S. Department of Defense
XS-1_(spacecraft)
Chinese reusable spacecraft
observers have speculated that the spacecraft may resemble the X-37B spaceplane of the United States in both form and function. The state-owned Xinhua
Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
Chinese_reusable_experimental_spacecraft
Viking/Shadow – Lockheed S is also used as a vehicle type designator spaceplanes. S-1 – DARPA (not built) The "SR" sequence is a continuation of the original
List of United States Tri-Service aircraft designations
List_of_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designations
Chinese reusable robotic spaceplane
pinyin: shén lóng; lit. 'divine dragon') is a Chinese reusable robotic spaceplane currently in development. Only a few pictures have appeared in publications
Shenlong_(spacecraft)
Soviet winged orbital vehicle
orbiter, "Buran" was also the designation for the entire Soviet/Russian spaceplane project and its flight articles, which were known as "Buran-class orbiters"
Buran_(spacecraft)
USA Classified X-37B spaceplane mission
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to a highly elliptical high Earth orbit aboard a Falcon
OTV-7
Single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
was a series of concept designs for a reusable single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane by the British company Reaction Engines Limited, using SABRE, a combined-cycle
Skylon_(spacecraft)
Chinese rocket
the launch vehicle for the clandestine Chinese reusable experimental spaceplane. Externally, the rocket is similar to the Long March 2E from which it
Long_March_2F
Soviet cancelled spaceplane project
landing. It was a visible result of a Soviet project to create an orbital spaceplane. The MiG 105 was nicknamed "Lapot" (Russian: лапоть, or bast shoe; the
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105
Manned Spacecraft sub-system
sub-system of Project 921. The term 921-3 is often used for the Chinese spaceplane program.[not verified in body] The Chinese National Manned Space Program
China's_spaceplane_program
French crewed spaceplane concept (1975–1992)
Hermes was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA)
Hermes_(spacecraft)
Reported codename of a secret U.S. orbital spaceplane system
Blackstar is the purported name of a secret United States orbital spaceplane system. The possible existence of the Blackstar program was claimed in March
Blackstar_(spacecraft)
Bristol Spaceplanes (BSP) is a British aerospace company based in Bristol, England, who has designed a number of spaceplanes with sub-orbital and orbital
Bristol_Spaceplanes
Aircraft configuration in which the fuselage produces significant lift
highly shaped fuselages made it difficult to fit fuel tankage. Advanced spaceplane concepts in the 1990s and 2000s used lifting-body designs. Examples include
Lifting_body
Planned ESA uncrewed spaceplane
Demonstrator for Europe Return) is a planned uncrewed orbital lifting body spaceplane aiming to provide the European Space Agency (ESA) with affordable and
Space_Rider
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
method of reentry to Earth into non-winged space capsules and winged spaceplanes. Recoverable spacecraft may be reusable (can be launched again or several
Spacecraft
A spaceplane incorporates aspects of both aeroplanes and spacecraft. Most concepts were only capable of sub-orbital spaceflight. Lists of spacecraft List
List_of_spaceplanes
US NASA & DOD hypersonic project in 1986–1993
NASA X-43 (essentially a scaled-down model) Tupolev Tu-2000 HOTOL – UK spaceplane design of the 1980s Chang, Kenneth (October 20, 2014). "25 Years Ago,
Rockwell_X-30
American aerospace company
horizontal take-off/horizontal landing, single-stage-to-orbit, fully reusable spaceplane concept called Radian One. Radian was founded in 2016. In January 2022
Radian_Aerospace
NASA cancelled spaceplane project
The HL-20 Personnel Launch System was a NASA spaceplane concept for crewed orbital missions studied by NASA's Langley Research Center around 1990. It was
HL-20_Personnel_Launch_System
programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to the Space
List_of_Buran_missions
Soviet spacecraft research project, 1976–1993
NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter, and could similarly operate as a re-entry spaceplane, its final internal and functional design was different. For example,
Buran_programme
Experimental American space project
ASSET, or Aerothermodynamic Elastic Structural Systems Environmental Tests was an experimental US space project involving the testing of an uncrewed sub-scale
ASSET_(spacecraft)
Italian Space Agency program
Italian Space Agency programme that aims to develop a reusable robotic spaceplane named Space Rider in collaboration with the European Space Agency. The
Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe
Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe
Cancelled American spacecraft
suborbital horizontal-takeoff, horizontal-landing (HTHL), rocket-powered spaceplane that was under development by the California-based company XCOR Aerospace
XCOR_Lynx
Vehicles that can go to space and return
grid fins, and other flight control surfaces. By modifying their shape, spaceplanes can leverage aviation mechanics to aid in its recovery, such as gliding
Reusable_launch_vehicle
Type of rocket engine
as a small satellite carrier. POLARIS Spaceplanes plans to develop a prototype of a fully reusable spaceplane capable of transporting loads of up to
Aerospike_engine
Uncrewed re-usable spaceplane technology demonstrator for the VentureStar
suborbital spaceplane that was developed for a period in the 1990s. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was
Lockheed_Martin_X-33
Russian concept launch vehicle
proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform. The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital
Cosmopolis_XXI
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
1965, Robert Salkeld investigated various single stage to orbit winged spaceplane concepts. He proposed a vehicle which would burn hydrocarbon fuel while
Single-stage-to-orbit
The Black Horse was a study concept for a proposed winged spaceplane that would use aerial refueling to greatly reduce the size of the spacecraft, to about
Black_Horse_(rocket)
SpaceShipOne mother ship
aircraft that was used to launch its companion SpaceShipOne, an experimental spaceplane. The White Knight and SpaceShipOne were designed by Burt Rutan and manufactured
Scaled Composites White Knight
Scaled_Composites_White_Knight
Large liquid methane fuelled staged-combustion rocket engine by Blue Origin
Boeing secured a contract to design and build the DARPA XS-1 reusable spaceplane in 2014. The XS-1 was to accelerate to hypersonic speed at the edge of
BE-4
ESA re-entry vehicle prototype
Preparatory Programme (FLPP), which made a call for submissions for a reusable spaceplane. One of the submissions was by the Italian Space Agency, that presented
Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle
Planned 2026 American test spaceflight
Dream Chaser design is derived from NASA's HL-20 Personnel Launch System spaceplane concept from the 1990s, which in turn is descended from over 20,000 hours
SSC_Demo-1
Proposed Soviet air-launched reusable launch system project
MAKS Rendering of a MAKS spaceplane carried atop of an Antonov An-225 to stratosphere for launching into space Country of origin Soviet Union Operator
MAKS_(spacecraft)
1968 film by Stanley Kubrick
filming was done, starting with the scenes involving Floyd on the Orion spaceplane; it was described as a "huge throbbing nerve center ... with much the
2001:_A_Space_Odyssey
Type of spacecraft
and are distinguished from other types of recoverable spacecraft (eg. spaceplanes) by their blunt shape, not having wings. They often contain little fuel
Space_capsule
American aerospace company, founded 1963
Sierra Space, to continue working on the development of the Dream Chaser spaceplane and Commercial Space Station with Blue Origin The organization is a multi-billion-dollar
Sierra_Nevada_Corporation
USA Classified X-37B spaceplane mission
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to a low Earth orbit (LEO) aboard a Falcon 9 Block 5
OTV-8
English business magnate (born 1950)
Port in California, United States, noted for the SpaceShipTwo suborbital spaceplane. In March 2000, Branson was knighted for "services to entrepreneurship"
Richard_Branson
Test space vehicle
Space Maneuver Vehicle is a test platform for the Boeing X-37 reusable spaceplane, built by Boeing Phantom Works. It sought to test the X-37's systems in
Boeing_X-40
Research spaceplane by Boeing
("Dynamic Soarer") was a United States Air Force (USAF) program to develop a spaceplane that could be used for a variety of military missions, including aerial
Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar
Uncrewed cargo spaceplane built by Sierra Space
payload capacity, in addition to the 2,000 lb (910 kg) carried by the spaceplane. The module will be separated from the Dream Chaser prior to reentry and
Dream_Chaser_Tenacity
Proposed hybrid ramjet and rocket engine
achieve single-stage-to-orbit capability, propelling the proposed Skylon spaceplane to low Earth orbit. SABRE was an evolution of Alan Bond's series of LACE-like
SABRE_(rocket_engine)
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
vehicle Rocket Space capsule Orbital module Reentry capsule Service module Spaceplane Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space probe Lander Rover Self-replicating
International_Space_Station
Spaceplane List of crewed lunar lander designs SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision Chapter 8 (NASA) Dr. Wernher Von Braun (July 1970). "The Spaceplane
List of canceled launch vehicle designs
List_of_canceled_launch_vehicle_designs
Chinese modular space station (since 2021)
Vessel') crewed spacecraft, the Shenlong (神龙; Shénlóng; 'Divine Dragon') spaceplane, the Shenguang (神光; Shénguāng; 'Divine Light') high-power laser, and the
Tiangong_space_station
Concept for a crewed single-stage reusable spaceplane
TrAnspoRtation") is a concept study for a robotic single-stage reusable spaceplane capable of horizontal takeoff and landing, by India's Defence Research
Avatar_(spacecraft)
20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F)). Crewed spacecraft include space capsules, spaceplanes, and space stations. Russian three person Earth orbital spacecraft; Early
List_of_crewed_spacecraft
British aerospace company based in Oxfordshire, England
propulsion systems, centred on the development of the Skylon re-usable SSTO spaceplane. The three founders had worked together on the HOTOL project, funding
Reaction_Engines
Speed that exceeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5 and above)
5. High hypersonic speeds are experienced during atmospheric entry. Spaceplanes are designed to be capable of flight in this regime. The North American
Hypersonic_speed
Project Space Planes was an attempt by amateur scientists to break the flight record by a paper airplane and an advertising campaign devised by the people
Project_Space_Planes
(February 9, 2024). "Congrats to Tomi Simola for locating the secret X-37B spaceplane. OTV 7 is in a 323 × 38838 km × 59.1 deg orbit. Could be testing out a
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2023)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2023)
American test pilot (1921–2006)
first of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the United States Air Force and NASA. He is the subject
Albert_Scott_Crossfield
Flight faster than Mach 5 below 90 km
a missile. On July 2021 China tested a spaceplane. An orbital trajectory would take 90 minutes for a spaceplane to circle Earth (which would defeat the
Hypersonic_flight
American space and aeronautics agency
pursuing spaceplane development since the 1960s, blending the administration's dual aeronautics and space missions. NASA viewed a spaceplane as part of
NASA
Partially-reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle by Blue Origin
reusable-stage architectures, including a winged stage that would reenter as a spaceplane, an aerospike engine concept in which the engine would also serve as a
New_Glenn
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
orbital decay. One such application was used to test the reentry of the IXV spaceplane. It was launched into a 76 km × 416 km (47 mi × 258 mi) transatmospheric
Transatmospheric_orbit
Renewed 21st-century competition in space exploration
spacecraft Apollo Lunar Module Space capsules Space Shuttle Space stations Spaceplanes Vostok Space launch Spaceport Launch pad Expendable and reusable launch
New_Space_Race
Topics referred to by the same term
4-1967, a character-encoding scheme Orbital Sciences X-34, an American spaceplane program RFA Aldersdale (X34), a fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
X34
American experimental spaceplane
Model 316. The Scaled Composites Model 316, known as SpaceShipOne, was a spaceplane designed to: Carry three humans (one of them a pilot) in a sea-level pressurized
SpaceShipOne
Indian reusable rocket programme
Orbit (TSTO) reusable launch vehicle, in which the second stage is a spaceplane. For this purpose, a winged reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator
RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
RLV_Technology_Demonstration_Programme
1972–2011 United States human spaceflight program
Classified military missions are being flown by the US Air Force's uncrewed spaceplane, the X-37B. By 2012, cargo to the International Space Station was already
Space_Shuttle_program
2023 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
Galactic that took place on 25 May 2023. The flight used their SpaceShipTwo spaceplane VSS Unity. The crew consisted of six Virgin Galactic employees. Unity
Virgin_Galactic_Unity_25
Japanese winged single-stage reusable suborbital rocket
test bed for a reusable orbital launch system or a crewed suborbital spaceplane. The full-size prototype, called WIRES-X, is expected to be launched in
Winged Reusable Sounding rocket
Winged_Reusable_Sounding_rocket
2007 suborbital spaceplane concept
The Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane, also called EADS Astrium TBN according to some sources, is a suborbital spaceplane concept for carrying space tourists
Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane
Airbus_Defence_and_Space_Spaceplane
1966 proposed Earth-to-orbit spaceplane
The Lockheed Star Clipper was a proposed Earth-to-orbit spaceplane based on a large lifting body spacecraft and a wrap-around drop tank. Originally proposed
Lockheed_Star_Clipper
Space warfare arm of the People's Liberation Army
also operates the reusable experimental spacecraft which is a robotic spaceplane. China conducted one destructive anti-satellite weapon test in 2007, using
People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force
People's_Liberation_Army_Aerospace_Force
Rocket that uses a single propellant with a catalyst
control rockets in satellites, rocket upper stages, crewed spacecraft, and spaceplanes. The simplest monopropellant rockets depend on the chemical decomposition
Monopropellant_rocket
Space Shuttle orbiter (1984–2011)
Designation: OV-103) is a retired American Space Shuttle orbiter. The spaceplane was one of the orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third
Space_Shuttle_Discovery
SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane
VSS Enterprise (tail number: N339SS) was the first SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane, built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic. It had been planned to
VSS_Enterprise
Reusable launch system
1995. Spaceflight portal Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 — Soviet orbital spaceplane Spaceplane Spacecraft "Buran Built models OK-2.03". www.buran-energia.com.
2.03_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Third flight of the second Boeing X-37B
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard a Falcon 9 rocket from LC-39A
OTV-5
US program to develop a hypersonic weapon
never used. After the open DynaSoar USAF program from 1957 to 1963, spaceplanes went black (became highly classified). In the mid-1960s, the CIA began
DARPA_Falcon_Project
Rocket used to carry a spacecraft into space
vehicle to the launch site via the mechanism of horizontal-landing of the spaceplane portion of the launch vehicle. In both cases, the main vehicle thrust
Launch_vehicle
flight of the Lynx spaceplane was proposed to be in the second quarter of 2016 from Midland, Texas, but the company halted spaceplane development in May
Human_spaceflight_programs
rocket-launched supersonic horizontal-take off horizontal-landing (HOTOL) SSTO spaceplane. However, it became clear that horizontal takeoff requirement was an inappropriate
Science_Realm
1960 Tu-136 (I): VTOL fighter project, 1963 Tu-136 Zvezda: proposed spaceplane Tu-136 (III): LNG development of Tu-130, 1990s Tu-136 (IV): cryogenic
List_of_Tupolev_aircraft
"Kosmos". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 2 February 2026. "Experimental Spaceplane (CSSHQ)". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 2 February 2026. "Starlink Group
List of spaceflight launches in January–March 2026
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_January–March_2026
Failed 1967 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
was a sub-orbital spaceflight of the North American X-15 experimental spaceplane, carrying seven experiments to a peak altitude of 266,000 feet (50.4 mi;
X-15_Flight_3-65-97
Rocket flight
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape
OTV-4
Chinese aerospace company
current Chief Designer is Long Lehao (龙乐豪). CALT is also planning two spaceplanes. They would both be single-stage to space sub-orbital rocketplanes. One
China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology
Longest flight of the first X-37B
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle from
OTV-6
American commercial sub-orbitable space ship
VSS Voyager, is a SpaceShipTwo-class suborbital rocket-powered crewed spaceplane. It was the second SpaceShipTwo to be built and was part of the Virgin
VSS_Unity
The flights of the North American X-15, an experimental American spaceplane built by North American Aviation and operated by the United States Air Force
List_of_X-15_flights
First flight of the second Boeing X-37B
X-37B, an American unmanned robotic vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral on 5 March
OTV-2
Denmark's amateur human space program. "SpacePlane Project｜Business｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd". www.pdas.co.jp. "Spaceplane Project｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd". www
List of private spaceflight companies
List_of_private_spaceflight_companies
Space exploration concept
vehicle Rocket Space capsule Orbital module Reentry capsule Service module Spaceplane Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space probe Lander Rover Self-replicating
Self-replicating_spacecraft
2025. Retrieved August 18, 2025. "SpaceX launches Space Force's X-37B spaceplane to demo laser communications, quantum navigation". Spaceflight Now. August
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
Former suborbital spaceplane for space tourism
Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is a retired air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It was manufactured by The Spaceship
SpaceShipTwo
Space competition and award
and financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, using the experimental spaceplane SpaceShipOne. $10 million was awarded to the winner, and more than $100
Ansari_X_Prize
Proposed Russian space station
the globe in its vicinity", which would be a space first. A dedicated spaceplane was also proposed for their in-orbit maintenance. In contrast to the continuously
Russian_Orbital_Station
Space tourism company
and financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, using the experimental spaceplane SpaceShipOne. $10 million was awarded to the winner, and more than $100
Virgin_Galactic
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
Girl/Female
German, Kurdish, Swedish
Strength of a Spear; Spear Maiden
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Riti; Nandi
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Writings; Contribution; Document; Article
Girl/Female
Tamil
Chithragandha | சிதà¯à®°à®•à®‚தா
A fragrant material
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Radiant; Pure; Pure White
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Sweet Voice
Girl/Female
Hebrew
The moon.
Boy/Male
Italian English
Blind.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Indian
Associated with faithfulness
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE