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operational crewed spacecraft, which form the first part of the list below; the eight retired spacecraft types are listed in the next section; and crewed spacecraft
List_of_crewed_spacecraft
Overview of and topical guide to space exploration
spacecraft List of crewed spacecraft List of Solar System probes List of active Solar System probes List of proposed Solar System probes List of lunar probes
Outline_of_space_exploration
Series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme
Energia). The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet crewed lunar programs. It is launched atop the similarly
Soyuz_(spacecraft)
Missions and flights of NASA's Apollo Program
spacecraft to carry astronauts, and four crewed flights beginning in October 1968 demonstrated the ability of the spacecraft to carry out a lunar landing mission
List_of_Apollo_missions
Artemis program crewed spacecraft
Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used by NASA for the Artemis lunar exploration program. It consists of a crew module
Orion_(spacecraft)
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
arrival of a crewed or robotic spacecraft on the Moon. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was Luna 2 in 1959, and the first crewed mission
Moon_landing
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
and the Salyut and Mir crewed space stations. Other American crewed spacecraft include the Gemini spacecraft, the Apollo spacecraft including the Apollo
Spacecraft
Lunar lander family for the Artemis program
Altair (spacecraft) – the crewed lander component of NASA's cancelled Constellation program List of crewed lunar lander designs Comparison of crewed space
Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)
Class of crewed spacecraft from China
spacecraft has since become the mainstay of the Chinese crewed space program, being used for both crewed and uncrewed missions. Shenzhou consists of three
Shenzhou_(spacecraft)
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
List of crewed spacecraft List of cumulative spacewalk records List of International Space Station spacewalks List of Mir spacewalks List of spacewalkers
List_of_spaceflight_records
Saturn V-launched payload that took men to the Moon
on one crewed lunar mission, the complete spacecraft on one crewed low Earth orbit mission, and eight crewed lunar missions. After conclusion of the Apollo
Apollo_(spacecraft)
exploration of the Solar System Launch vehicle List of crewed spacecraft Outer space Space exploration Space launch market competition Timeline of private
Timeline_of_spaceflight
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
programs in the 1960s: crewed lunar flyby missions using Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a crewed lunar landing using
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
Spaceflight portal List of commercial space stations List of crewed spacecraft Space stations and habitats in fiction Spacelab Correct as of 31 August 2026
List_of_space_stations
Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
crewed spaceflight, and historically as manned spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being
Human_spaceflight
Class of partially reusable crew capsules
communications technology Spincraft, crew module pressure shell spin-form work Spaceflight portal List of crewed spacecraft Dream Chaser, a spaceplane under
Boeing_Starliner
This is a list of designs for crewed lunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a soft landing, and for an ascent
List_of_crewed_lunar_landers
Planned spaceflight mission
to be the third crewed mission and the first Moon landing in the NASA-led Artemis lunar exploration program, marking the first crewed Moon landing since
Artemis_IV
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
(Grissom and Young) was the first crewed Gemini mission, first multi-crewed US mission, and the first crewed spacecraft to use thrusters to change its orbit
Project_Gemini
Upcoming crewed mission of the Artemis program
Artemis III is an upcoming crewed spaceflight mission of the NASA-led Artemis program. Planned for 2027, the mission is designed as a demonstration flight
Artemis_III
Lunar lander designed for human spaceflight
Soviet Union in the 1960s as a part of several Soviet crewed lunar programs. Several LK modules were flown without crew in low Earth orbit, but the LK lunar
Lunar_module
when a human crew flies a spacecraft into outer space. Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed
List_of_human_spaceflights
2020s class of partially reusable spacecraft
Spaceflight portal Comparison of crewed space vehicles Comparison of space station cargo vehicles List of crewed spacecraft Crew Dragon Launch Abort System
SpaceX_Dragon_2
Soviet lunar module intended to be used in the Soviet lunar landing attempts
has media related to LK (spacecraft). Spaceflight portal Zond program Apollo 18 (film) Single-person spacecraft List of crewed lunar lander designs Apollo
LK_(spacecraft)
Planned lander spacecraft component of NASA's cancelled Project Constellation
distinct mission modes for Altair: Crewed sortie mode Crewed outpost mode (with no airlock) Uncrewed cargo mode, capable of transporting up to 15 metric tons
Altair_(spacecraft)
SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft
Axiom Mission 4. Crew Dragon C213 is the fifth and final Crew Dragon spacecraft as SpaceX seeks to phase out the craft in favor of Starship. It made
Crew_Dragon_Grace
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
records for crewed spaceflight, including the longest crewed lunar landing mission (12 days, 14 hours), greatest distance from a spacecraft during an extravehicular
Apollo_17
Small object used to demonstrate apparent weightlessness in space travel
free-fall indicators, are small objects carried aboard spacecraft and released inside the crew cabin to provide a visual confirmation that the vehicle
Zero-gravity_indicator
SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft
Crew Dragon Resilience (serial number C207) is the second operational Crew Dragon reusable spacecraft manufactured and operated by SpaceX, after Endeavour
Crew_Dragon_Resilience
Spacecraft without people on board
Uncrewed spacecraft or robotic spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board. Uncrewed spacecraft may have varying levels of autonomy from human input
Uncrewed_spacecraft
NASA-led lunar exploration program
1, 2026) was the first crewed test flight of SLS and Orion. The four crew members performed extensive testing of the spacecraft in high Earth orbit before
Artemis_program
2026 crewed flyby of the Moon
was a crewed flyby of the Moon. It is the only crewed flight beyond low Earth orbit since Apollo 17 in 1972. It was the first crewed flight of the NASA-led
Artemis_II
SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft
orbit by an American crewed spacecraft at 235 days. After the success of Crew Dragon Demo-1 using Crew Dragon C204, that spacecraft was originally planned
Crew_Dragon_Endeavour
China crewed lunar surface lander
the China crewed lunar surface lander, is a spacecraft under development by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) for China's crewed lunar missions
Lanyue
Planned crewed spacecraft of the early Soyuz programme
design of the Soyuz spacecraft. The Soyuz Sever design of a crewed spacecraft started the Soyuz programme. In 1956, the Soyuz Sever spacecraft was proposed
Sever_(spacecraft)
First crewed polar orbit spaceflight
operated by SpaceX with a Crew Dragon spacecraft on behalf of entrepreneur Chun Wang. During the mission, Wang and his all-civilian crew—Jannicke Mikkelsen,
Fram2
of different spacecraft have been used to carry cargo to and from space stations. This list does not include crewed spacecraft. Comparison of crewed space
Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
Comparison_of_space_station_cargo_vehicles
First crewed flight of Crew Dragon
Crew Dragon Demo-2 (officially Crew Demo-2, SpaceX Demo-2, or Demonstration Mission-2) was the first crewed test flight of the Crew Dragon spacecraft
Crew_Dragon_Demo-2
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
Exploration of the Moon Leslie Cantwell collection List of artificial objects on the Moon List of crewed spacecraft List of missions to the Moon Soviet crewed lunar
Apollo_program
This is a list of crewed and uncrewed flights of Soyuz series spacecraft. The Soyuz programme is an ongoing human spaceflight programme which was initiated
List_of_Soyuz_missions
Soviet winged orbital vehicle
which were known as "Buran-class orbiters". The construction of the Buran spacecraft began in 1980, and by 1984 the first full-scale orbiter was rolled
Buran_(spacecraft)
This list of crewed Mars mission plans is a listing of concept studies for a crewed mission to Mars during the 20th and 21st centuries. It is limited to
List of crewed Mars mission plans
List_of_crewed_Mars_mission_plans
Type of spacecraft
the majority of crewed spacecraft designs, although one crewed spaceplane, the Space Shuttle, has flown in orbit. Current examples of crewed space capsules
Space_capsule
Spaceflight portal Human spaceflight List of crewed spacecraft List of private spaceflight companies List of human spaceflights 1961-1970 1971-1980
Human_spaceflight_programs
Kankoh-maru, and Fuji crewed capsule spacecraft, none of them have been launched. Japan's current ambition is to deploy a new crewed spacecraft by 2025 and to
History_of_spaceflight
Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
evolved into the Soyuz-A design L4-1960 crewed lunar orbiter proposal (1960) L1-1962 crewed lunar flyby spacecraft proposal (1962); early design led to Soyuz
Soyuz_programme
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
Anniversary of Friendship 7, 2012. NASA illustration comparing boosters and spacecraft from Apollo (biggest), Gemini and Mercury (smallest). List of crewed spacecraft
Project_Mercury
Investigation of outer space
exploration of the Solar System Spacecraft propulsion List of crewed spacecraft List of missions to Mars List of missions to the outer planets List of landings
Space_exploration
Russian expendable freighter spacecraft
Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Originally developed for the Soviet space program and derived from the crewed Soyuz spacecraft, Progress has been instrumental
Progress_(spacecraft)
Soviet military space station program
two of which were crewed successfully. As "man-rating" the VA spacecraft and the Proton rocket took longer, the first phase called for the launch of three
Almaz_program
Joining of two or more space vehicles
1965 with the crewed Gemini 7, approaching to within 0.3 metres (1 ft), but there was no docking capability between two Gemini spacecraft. The first docking
Docking and berthing of spacecraft
Docking_and_berthing_of_spacecraft
Lunar lander variant of SpaceX Starship
tanker spacecraft before boosting itself into a lunar near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO). There, it will rendezvous with a crewed Orion spacecraft that
Starship_HLS
1981 crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
The Soyuz 40 mission was a 1981 Soviet crewed spaceflight and the final flight of the Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft. It was a collaboration between the Soviet
Soyuz_40
NASA human spaceflight program for the International Space Station
concept, SpaceX receiving US$75 million to develop a crewed version of their Dragon spacecraft and a human-rated Falcon 9 launch vehicle, the Sierra
Commercial_Crew_Program
landers, rovers and crewed missions. This is a list of major milestones achieved by country. Recorded is the first spacecraft from each respective country
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket
designed to launch China's Mengzhou crewed lunar spacecraft and its future Lanyue crewed lunar lander, as part of its crewed space program, codenamed Project
Long_March_10
During the early years of spaceflight only nation states had the resources to develop and fly spacecraft. Both the U.S. space program and Soviet space
List of spacecraft manufacturers
List_of_spacecraft_manufacturers
2025 Chinese crewed spaceflight
spacecraft. The mission was the 16th crewed Chinese spaceflight and the 21st flight overall of the Shenzhou program. The flight marked the tenth crew
Shenzhou_21
Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
docked with Soyuz 5, marking the first docking of two crewed spacecraft. The craft received two crew members from Soyuz 5 via spacewalk, and returned
Soyuz_4
SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft
Crew Dragon Endurance (serial number C210) is the third operational SpaceX Dragon 2 reusable spacecraft manufactured and operated by SpaceX. It first
Crew_Dragon_Endurance
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
Shuttle orbiter List of crewed spacecraft List of Space Shuttle missions Studied Space Shuttle variations and derivatives Similar spacecraft Buran – Soviet
Space_Shuttle
list of ISRO missions. ISRO has carried out 133 spacecraft missions, 104 launch missions and planned several missions including the Gaganyaan (crewed/robotic)
List_of_ISRO_missions
including space stations. Spacecraft may change mass over time such as by use of propellant. Currently the heaviest spacecraft is the International Space
List_of_heaviest_spacecraft
This is a list of fictional spacecraft, starships and exo-atmospheric vessels that have been identified by name in notable published works of fiction.
List_of_fictional_spacecraft
This list of extraterrestrial orbiters is a listing of spacecraft that achieved an extraterrestrial orbit. The first artificial object to orbit the sun
List of extraterrestrial orbiters
List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters
American public aerospace developer and manufacturer
Archinaut Interorbital Systems Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation List of crewed spacecraft Thorlabs "Redwire Corp. 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". SEC.gov
Redwire
Method of landing a spacecraft by parachute in a body of water
the method of landing a spacecraft or launch vehicle in a body of water, usually by parachute. This has been the primary recovery method of American capsules
Splashdown
list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. For a list
List_of_astronauts_by_name
Soviet crewed spaceflight; world's first space walk
lit. 'Sunrise-2') was a Soviet crewed space mission in March 1965. The Vostok-based Voskhod 3KD spacecraft with two crew members on board, Pavel Belyayev
Voskhod_2
2006 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS
04:19 UTC (to nadir port of Zarya) Undocked from ISS: September 28, 2006, 21:53 UTC (from nadir port of Zarya) 29th crewed flight to ISS (Flight 12S)
Soyuz_TMA-8
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed spacecraft to
Apollo_Lunar_Module
US deep space exploration programs
of lunar resources, and eventually making crewed missions to Mars and beyond feasible. To date, missions in the program are aimed at exploration of the
List_of_Artemis_missions
this list, uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir for details), and long-duration crew members are listed in
List of human spaceflights to Mir
List_of_human_spaceflights_to_Mir
Family of SpaceX spacecraft
2019 and has both crewed and cargo versions. The first un-crewed flight test (Demo-1) took place in March 2019, followed by a crewed flight test (Demo-2)
SpaceX_Dragon
Spacecraft designed for repeated use and reusability
Agencies operating reusable spacecraft aim to have lower costs and higher flight frequencies. Reusable spacecraft may be crewed or uncrewed and orbital or
Reusable_spacecraft
Soviet human spaceflight project
with launches of an automated variant of Vostok 3KA, the spacecraft design that would conduct a human spaceflight. The approval of a crewed mission was
Vostok_programme
List of space missions by NASA
both crewed and unpiloted. NASA has successfully launched over 200 crewed flights. Three have ended in failure, causing the death of the entire crew: Apollo
List_of_NASA_missions
Soviet space station programme
involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from
Salyut_programme
Uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station for details). ISS crew members are listed in bold. "Time
List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
List_of_human_spaceflights_to_the_International_Space_Station
Long-duration mission to the International Space Station
Vagner, as well as NASA astronaut Donald Pettit. Events involving crewed spacecraft are listed in bold. Previous mission: Expedition 70 6 April 2024 – Soyuz
Expedition_71
Flight into or through outer space
the surface. Most spacecraft, and all crewed spacecraft, are designed to deorbit themselves or, in the case of uncrewed spacecraft in high-energy orbits
Spaceflight
Astronauts from NASA's Apollo program
to test fly the spacecraft. Apollo 7 was a crewed test flight of the CSM, and Apollo 9 was a crewed flight test of the CSM and LEM. Of the six astronauts
List_of_Apollo_astronauts
First crewed mission to Skylab
mission that had crewed the Salyut 1 station for twenty-four days, died upon reentry due to unexpected cabin depressurization. The crewed Skylab missions
Skylab_2
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
the first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth's gravitational sphere of influence, and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon. The crew orbited the
Apollo_8
Fifth orbital flight of the Artemis program
Artemis V is planned to be the fourth crewed mission and second lunar landing of the NASA-led Artemis program. The mission is expected to see the first
Artemis_V
First crewed flight of the Apollo space program
the second crewed Apollo flight, and then as backups for Apollo 1. After the Apollo 1 fire, crewed flights were suspended while the cause of the accident
Apollo_7
Indian crewed orbital spacecraft
is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed
Gaganyaan
Space tourism company
reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. It was modeled after early 20th-century aviation prizes, and aimed to spur development of low-cost
Virgin_Galactic
Certification of a spacecraft or launch vehicle
certification, also known as man-rating or crew-rating, is the certification of a spacecraft or launch vehicle as capable of safely transporting humans. There
Human-rating_certification
Soviet military spacecraft designs
To minimize risk to the crew, a new version, Soyuz PPK (pilotiruemovo korablya-perekhvatchika, crewed interceptor spacecraft) was later proposed in 1964
Military_Soyuz
1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Project Gemini
(officially Gemini V) was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Project Gemini. It was the third crewed Gemini flight, the eleventh crewed American spaceflight (including
Gemini_5
delayed partly due to the impact of COVID-19. As per the revised timelines, the first crewed flight is planned as a part of Gaganyaan-4, scheduled to launch
List_of_Indian_astronauts
Concept lunar lander for Artemis program
series of design concepts by Lockheed Martin for a crewed lunar lander. The first proposal, Mars-Precursor Lunar Lander is a reusable crewed lunar lander
Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander
Planned United States spaceflight (1967)
to monitor the spacecraft's instrument panel in flight. Television cameras were carried aboard all crewed Apollo missions. Grissom's crew received approval
Apollo_1
Crewed lunar lander under development
both crewed lunar landings and autonomous cargo landings. The first ALPACA will be reused autonomously after its first crewed landing as a proof of concept
Dynetics_HLS
a 73 m wingspan. Solar power has been used other crewed spacecraft including Soyuz, Shenzhou, Crew Dragon, and Orion. As distance from the Sun increased
Solar_panels_on_spacecraft
Fifth crewed Moon landing
Apollo 16 (April 16–27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate
Apollo_16
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
likely to be the spacecraft with "98%" certainty. It is the only once-crewed spacecraft known to still be in outer space without a crew. Snoopy's descent
Apollo_10
2012 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS
was the 114th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. It was launched on 15 July 2012, transporting three members of the Expedition 32 crew to the International
Soyuz_TMA-05M
Type of spacecraft with one occupant
The one-man spacecraft they called Tycho Brahe was not used in space or a crewed sub-orbital flight. One in-atmosphere test flight of the prototype
Single-person_spacecraft
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LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
LIST OF-CREWED-SPACECRAFT
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