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Marine ecosystem
coral reefs in Southeast Asia and reefs support over 25% of all known marine species. However, despite their importance, Southeast Asian coral reefs are
Southeast_Asian_coral_reefs
notable reefs. Fringing reef Recreational dive sites Recreational diving Southeast Asian coral reefs The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs Vidal
List_of_reefs
Factors which adversely affect tropical coral reefs
coral reefs.[citation needed] Intense harvesting, especially in maritime Southeast Asia (including Indonesia and the Philippines), damages the reefs.
Environmental issues with coral reefs
Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs
Ecoregion of Asia–Pacific
in the Philippines. The coral reefs in the region that have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites are the Tubbataha Reef Natural Park in the Philippines
Coral_Triangle
Limestone composed of ancient coral reef material
Coral rag is a rubbly limestone composed of ancient coral reef material. The term also refers to the building blocks quarried from these strata, which
Coral_rag
Marine invertebrates
These aggregations are often referred to as "reefs," but differ structurally and functionally. Deep sea reefs are sometimes referred to as "mounds," which
Deep-water_coral
Subregion of the Asian continent
region's fisheries: 3.35 million fishers in the Southeast Asia are reliant on coral reefs, and yet those reefs are highly vulnerable to even low-emission climate
Southeast_Asia
Ring-shaped coral reef
describe them as "annular reefs enclosing a lagoon in which there are no promontories other than reefs and islets composed of reef detritus" or "in an exclusively
Atoll
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate
Coral_reef
Genus of hydrozoans
(2023-10-09). "Fire Coral - Reef Smart Guides". Retrieved 2026-03-11. Wilkinson, Clive (2004). "Status of Coral Reefs of the World". Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Fire_coral
The resilience of coral reefs is the capacity of coral reefs to resist natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as storms and bleaching episodes, and
Resilience_of_coral_reefs
Protected area in the middle of the Sulu Sea
scientists visiting the reefs since the 1980s revealed that the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park contains no less than 600 fish species, 360 coral species, 11 shark
Tubbataha_Reef
Island in the Andaman Sea
visitors at a time. Environmental issues with coral reefs List of islands of Thailand Southeast Asian coral reefs "Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National
Ko_Phi_Phi_Le
Carbonate sand formed in warm oceans
foraminifera for the formation and maintenance of a coral sand cay: Green Island, Australia". Coral Reefs. 19 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1007/s003380050226. ISSN 1432-0975
Coral_sand
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
(2004). "Status of Coral Reefs, Coral Reef Monitoring and Management in Southeast Asia, 2004". In Wilkinson, C. (ed.). Status of Coral Reefs of the world:
Coral
Species of coral
acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan
Acropora_samoensis
Species of coral
that its population is decreasing in line with the global decline of coral reefs, and it is listed under Appendix II of CITES. Figures of its population
Acropora_valida
Removal of coral from protected areas for sale
Reefs are also critical to marine biodiversity. Up to 25% of marine life is found in coral reef ecosystems, and up to 7,000 species depend on reefs to
Coral_poaching
Species of coral
Acropora teres is a species of acroporid coral found in the central Indo-Pacific, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic western Pacific
Acropora_teres
Phenomenon where corals expel algae tissue
the reefs are located, namely in Southeast Asia and around the Indian Ocean. It would cost more for countries in these areas to respond to coral reef loss
Coral_bleaching
Species of coral
species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, Australia, Southeast Asia, the central Indo-Pacific
Acropora_digitifera
Trade of live fish for human consumption
Hong Kong and mainland China. Many of the fish are captured on coral reefs in Southeast Asia or the Pacific Island nations. Within the live food trade there
Live_fish_trade
Species of coral
Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west and central Pacific Ocean. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs on upper slopes
Acropora_tenuis
Species of coral
subglabra is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and
Acropora_subglabra
Species of coral
acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan
Acropora_robusta
Species of coral
Acropora tenella is a species of acroporid coral found in the central Indo-Pacific, southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic western
Acropora_tenella
Species of shark
on shallow coral reefs across the Indo-West Pacific, from Pakistan to New Guinea. Reaching up to 70 cm (28 in) in length, the coral catshark has an extremely
Coral_catshark
2023 video game
visibility, and well-being within the community. Coral Island incorporates elements of Southeast Asian culture by blending traditional regional influences
Coral_Island_(video_game)
Reef in Queensland, Australia
situated reef in the south eastern waters of the Coral Sea, it lies approximately 100 km (62 mi) northeast from Bird Islet part of the Wreck Reefs and 140 km
Kenn_Reef
Species of coral
acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan
Acropora_microphthalma
Aquatic animal phylum having cnidocytes
corals—which form the structural foundation for coral reefs—possess polyps that are filled with symbiotic photo-synthetic zooxanthellae. While reef-forming
Cnidaria
Cultivation of coral for commercial purposes
restoring coral reefs, which are dying off around the world. The process protects young corals while they are most at risk of dying. Small corals are propagated
Aquaculture_of_coral
Place where an organism is protected from predation
supported in an area. Coral reefs provide the most dramatic demonstration of the ecological effects of refuges. Refuge-rich coral reefs contain a full 25%
Refuge_(ecology)
Medical condition
Coral dermatitis is a cutaneous condition caused by injury from the exoskeleton of certain corals. Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.;
Coral_dermatitis
Species of coral
pulchra is a species of colonial staghorn coral in the family Acroporidae. It is found on the back fringes of reefs in shallow water in the western Indo-Pacific
Acropora_pulchra
Human-created underwater structure
oyster reefs and salt marshes in New York City, in Port Aransas, and in St. Croix.[citation needed] Electrolysis of electric reefs enhances coral growth
Electrified_reef
Archipelago in Southwest Papua, Indonesia
and forms part of the Coral Triangle, an area of Southeast Asian seas containing the richest marine biodiversity on earth. The Coral Triangle itself is an
Raja_Ampat_Islands
Species of coral
Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan and the East China Sea, Cook Islands and the oceanic west Pacific Ocean. It can be found in shallow reefs on the reef tops
Branch_coral
Species of coral
species of acroporid coral found in the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China
Acropora_monticulosa
around Asia are subjected to the same impacts as elsewhere, such as the increased warming and ocean acidification. There are many coral reefs in the region
Climate_change_in_Asia
Species of coral
likely to be threatened by the global reduction of coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, climate change, human activity, the crown-of-thorns
Acropora_humilis
Species of coral
stony coral that is found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia and
Alveopora_fenestrata
Species of coral
species of acroporid coral found in the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, southeast Asia, Japan, the East China
Acropora_verweyi
Species of fish
Indian Ocean to the Coral Triangle of the Western Pacific Ocean. These fishes live in coral reef, in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs, at a depth range
Roving_coral_grouper
Species of bivalve
and in the South China Sea in the coral reefs of Malaysia. The giant clam lives on flat coral sand or broken coral and may be found at depths of as great
Giant_clam
Species of fish
(Crassilabrus undulatus) is the largest species of wrasse mainly found on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. It is also known as the Māori wrasse, Napoleon
Humphead_wrasse
Human-made underwater structure that functions as a reef
artificial reefs have been developed as artworks. Artificial reefs generally provide hard surfaces where algae and invertebrates such as barnacles, corals, and
Artificial_reef
Species of coral
sunlight. It also lives in coral reefs and enjoys warm sunny temperatures. M. capricornis is one of the more common species of SPS coral available on the market
Leaf_plate_montipora
Using bombs underwater to kill fish
ecosystem, as the explosion often destroys the underlying habitat (such as coral reefs) that supports the fish. The frequently improvised nature of the explosives
Blast_fishing
Species of coral
reefs on upper reef slopes, and is found from depths of 1–25 metres (3.3–82.0 ft). Crown-of-thorns starfish preferentially prey upon Acropora corals.
Acropora_hyacinthus
Species of coral
stony coral that is found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia Japan
Alveopora_spongiosa
Species of coral
of stony coral that is found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the
Alveopora_verrilliana
2013–2016 Chinese land reclamation in the disputed South China Sea
now placed over the reef. Additionally, by placing artificial islands on top of reefs, fisheries are also harmed, as these reefs help replenish depleted
Great_Wall_of_Sand
Island in the Philippines
worldwide loss. Globally coral sees 50%–70% threatened or lost; southeast Asian coral reefs are in even worse condition, and it is estimated in the Philippines
Bantayan_Island
Species of coral
acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the northern Indian Ocean, Australia, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, southeast Asia, the East
Acropora_listeri
coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) Flinders Reef or Flinders Reefs is an isolated oceanic coral reef in the Coral Sea of the western Pacific Ocean . It lies
Flinders_Reef_(Coral_Sea)
Species of coral
stony coral that is found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan
Alveopora_allingi
Southeast Asia is home to a diverse marine environment. The region is host to extensive coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds, and has even been described
Impacts of shipping on marine wildlife and habitats in Southeast Asia
Impacts_of_shipping_on_marine_wildlife_and_habitats_in_Southeast_Asia
Biogeographic sea region
the Coral Triangle region, which has the greatest diversity of tropical coral reef species in the world. The Coral Triangle has 605 tropical coral species
Central_Indo-Pacific
Species of coral
fringing reefs, the edges of shallow reefs and the upper parts of submerged reefs, at depths between about 3 and 15 m (10 and 50 ft). Corals in the genus
Acropora_rudis
Species of coral
Japan, Southeast Asia, the East China Sea and the oceanic central and western Pacific Ocean. It is found in tropical shallow reefs, slopes of reefs, and
Acropora_muricata
Species of coral
known as Finger coral or Hump coral, is a species of marine stony coral in the family Poritidae. It is found growing on coral reefs and in shallow lagoons
Porites_compressa
Species of coral
species of acroporid coral found in the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, Australia, the northern Indian Ocean, the East China Sea, southeast Asia, and the central
Acropora_lutkeni
Species of coral
occurs in shallow reefs, from depths of 5–15 m. It is particularly susceptible to coral bleaching, disease and reduction of coral reef habitats. Anacropora
Anacropora_spinosa
Disputed archipelago in the South China Sea
submerged coral reefs. The northeast part of the Spratly Islands is known as Dangerous Ground and is characterised by many low islands, sunken reefs, and degraded
Spratly_Islands
Ecosystem in saltwater environment
development". Coral reefs are one of the most well-known marine ecosystems in the world, with the largest being the Great Barrier Reef. These reefs are composed
Marine_ecosystem
Fishing method that paralyzes fish
organisms, including coral and coral reefs. Cyanide fishing is practiced mainly in saltwater fishing regions of Southeast Asia. Since the practice of
Cyanide_fishing
Major geopolitical and economic region
(East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania) are also sometimes included. In a wider context, even countries and territories in Central Asia and
Asia-Pacific
American ecologist
Allen Coral Atlas, an online map of all the coral reefs in the world used as a reference for reef conservation. Asner's work mapping forests and coral reefs
Greg_Asner
Species of fish
(3 ft 3 in – 590 ft 7 in) in turbid lagoons, reef flats, and clear rocky- and coral reefs. As with many reef fishes, habitat has been found to be an important
Moorish_idol
Species of fish
to Japan,parts of Southeast Asia, south to Australia and east to French Polynesia. It is found in lagoons, channels and outer reefs slopes on the depths
Scarus_niger
Environmental crime
entire beaches and shorelines, destruction of property and damages to coral reefs. Certain species of turtles are becoming endangered because they are
Sand smuggling in Southeast Asia
Sand_smuggling_in_Southeast_Asia
Island in Indonesia
back?". ABC News. 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2026-03-12. "Coral Triangle Center - Ensuring coral reefs for life". Sunset (6 July 2009). "Visitors to Nusa Lembongan
Nusa_Lembongan
City in Southern Israel
Arabia, across the gulf to the southeast. Eilat hosts numerous hotels, holiday resorts, and beaches. Its renowned coral reefs make it a popular destination
Eilat
Family of marine coral known as Euphylliidae
hard corals, these polyp conglomerates grow, die, and endlessly repeat the cycle over time, slowly laying the limestone foundation for coral reefs and
Euphylliidae
Genus of fishes
albilabris inhabits clear and turbid coral reefs in tropical areas, usually in areas with mixed sand, weed, and coral areas. This fish may be seen resting
Paraplotosus
Species of coral
Indo-Pacific region. This includes coral reef systems off the coast of Southeast Asia and the Great Barrier Reef. They inhabit reef environments between 0-30 meters
Sinularia_flexibilis
Species of coral
found on upper reef slopes in shallow tropical reefs, from depths of 3–20 m. Crown-of-thorns starfish preferentially prey upon Acropora corals, and this species
Acropora_cerealis
Reef in the Philippine Sea
Okinotori Island (沖ノ鳥島, Okinotori-shima), or Parece Vela, is a coral reef, geologically an atoll, with two rocks enlarged with tetrapod-cement structures
Okinotori
Genus of corals
characteristic to every black coral. Commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas, these corals are part of the reefs in the Indian and Pacific oceans
Cirrhipathes
Species of fish
species of wrasse native to the southeast Atlantic Ocean through the Indian and Pacific Oceans, where it inhabits reefs and rocky coastlines in areas of
Surge_wrasse
Species of coral
the Pitcairn Islands. It occurs on the slopes of reefs, the flats of reefs, in tropical shallow reefs, and at depths of around 8 m (26 ft). It was described
Acropora_globiceps
Species of fish
Pseudochromis perspicillatus, the Southeast Asian blackstripe dottyback, or bandit dottyback, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Pseudochromidae
Pseudochromis_perspicillatus
Uninhabited island in Maldives
Ocean trade between Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Other artifacts from the collection represent the lifestyle of these coral atolls for centuries
Maamigili_(Raa_Atoll)
Species of reptile
of the Southeast Florida Reef Tract. The barrier reefs of northern Palm Beach County, the patch reefs of the northern Keys, and the finger reefs of Key
Hawksbill_sea_turtle
Largest ocean on Earth
are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Continental islands lie outside the andesite line
Pacific_Ocean
Atoll of Hawaii
Alexander (July 14, 2020). "A Mysterious New Algae Is Smothering Hawaii's Coral Reefs". The Inertia. Retrieved July 17, 2020. "Midway Island Climate Midway
Pearl_and_Hermes_Atoll
Species of crustacean
below the intertidal zone, at depth of up to 210 metres (690 ft), on coral reefs. It is a cleaner shrimp, and advertises to passing fish by slowly waving
Stenopus_hispidus
Area containing fish that are harvested commercially
uncontrolled fishing of small juveniles and spawning adults. Coral reefs: The primary threats to corals are bleaching and disease which has been linked to an
Wild_fisheries
Town in Southern Province, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka and known for its beach and corals. It is a suburb of Galle, about five kilometres (three miles) southeast of the city center and approximately
Unawatuna
Species of coral
validity (taxon inquirendum) of acroporid coral found in the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, southeast Asia, the Solomon Islands and the western Pacific
Acropora_cophodactyla
Species of fish
nigricans, the dusky farmerfish, is a species of damselfish found around coral reefs at a depth of one to 12 meters, in tropical climates between 30°S and
Stegastes_nigricans
Genus of starfishes
Acanthaster are native to coral reefs in Indo-Pacific region. The species in this genus are a contributor to coral reef degradation because they prey
Acanthaster
United States national park in American Samoa
three islands: Tutuila, Ofu, and Taʻū. The park preserves and protects coral reefs, tropical rainforests, fruit bats, and the Samoan culture. Popular activities
National Park of American Samoa
National_Park_of_American_Samoa
Species of fish
Australia and in Southeast Asia (The Coral Triangle region) and north to southern Japan. These fishes ares associated with coral reefs, and can be found
Cetoscarus_ocellatus
Species of coral
acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Southeast Asia, Japan, the
Acropora_speciosa
Species of bird
(Ardea sumatrana) is a wading bird of the heron family, resident from southeast Asia to Papua New Guinea and Australia. The great-billed heron is a large
Great-billed_heron
Species of fish
Indo-Pacific, living at depths down to 70 m, and being associated with coral reefs. It grows up to 17 cm in length and forms large schools. It is an important
Goldstripe_sardinella
Large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea
of the world's premier sites for diving. The area is especially rich in coral and other marine biodiversity and has both accidental shipwrecks and vessels
Gulf_of_Aqaba
Island country in South Asia
phenomenon event caused coral bleaching and killed two-thirds of the nation's coral reefs. To induce the regrowth of the reefs, scientists placed electrified
Maldives
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