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Data collected from publicly available sources to be used in an intelligence context
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open sources (overt sources and publicly available information) to
Open-source_intelligence
Intelligence gathered through interpersonal contact
Human intelligence (HUMINT, pronounced /ˈhjuːmɪnt/ HEW-mint) is intelligence-gathering by means of human sources and interpersonal communication. It is
Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)
Human_intelligence_(intelligence_gathering)
Concept of open-source software applied to AI
Open-source artificial intelligence, as defined by the Open Source Initiative, is an AI system that is freely available to use, study, modify, and share
Open-source artificial intelligence
Open-source_artificial_intelligence
Person employed by an organization to collect, compile and/or analyze information
entities of interest. Human intelligence (HUMINT) Derived from covert human intelligence sources (Covert Human Intelligence Source or CHIS, agents or moles)
Intelligence_officer
A source or subsource in intelligence is typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence. In espionage, this includes "assets" who are
Source_(intelligence)
Proposed US government agency
The National Open Source-Intelligence Agency (NOSA) is a proposed 19th member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) to be tasked with the collection
National Open Source-Intelligence Agency
National_Open_Source-Intelligence_Agency
projects which release their software under open-source licenses and are related to artificial intelligence projects. These include software libraries, frameworks
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
Lists_of_open-source_artificial_intelligence_software
Intelligence using multiple sources
All-source intelligence is a term used to describe intelligence organizations, intelligence analysts, or intelligence products that are based on all available
All-source_intelligence
Rating systems used in intelligence analysis
Intelligence source and information reliability rating systems are used in intelligence analysis. This rating is used for information collected by a human
Intelligence source and information reliability
Intelligence_source_and_information_reliability
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up source or unsourced in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Source may refer to: Historical source Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a
Source
US Cabinet-level government official
national intelligence (DNI) is a cabinet-level United States government intelligence and security official. The position is required by the Intelligence Reform
Director of National Intelligence
Director_of_National_Intelligence
Intelligence agency of the United Kingdom
Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS), but changed its name in 2009. The primary role of Defence Intelligence is that of 'all-source' intelligence analysis
Defence_Intelligence
Collection of people and organizations dedicated to intelligence
The intelligence field, also known as the intelligence business, the intelligence establishment, the intelligence complex, the intelligence industry,
Intelligence_field
Security agencies of the Australian Government
National Intelligence further classifies the six AIC agencies as collection or assessment agencies, and plays a unique all-source intelligence assessment
Australian intelligence community
Australian_intelligence_community
Source code made freely available
Open-source intelligence, an intelligence gathering discipline based on information collected from open sources (not to be confused with open-source artificial
Open_source
Agency dealing with secret intelligence
of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment. Intelligence agencies
Intelligence_agency
Espionage strategy
Clandestine human intelligence is intelligence collected from human sources (HUMINT) using clandestine espionage methods. These sources consist of people
Clandestine human intelligence
Clandestine_human_intelligence
Clandestine acquisition of confidential information
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret, confidential, or in some way valuable
Espionage
Source Intelligence Handbook is the standard reference available to the public. The other two NATO references are the NATO Open Source Intelligence Reader
NATO Open Source Intelligence Handbook
NATO_Open_Source_Intelligence_Handbook
Offensive measures using enemy information
(counter-intelligence) and its primary subfield, counterespionage (counter-espionage), are activities aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program
Counterintelligence
U.S. DoD combat support agency
The agency specializes in the collection and analysis of human-source intelligence (HUMINT), both overt and clandestine, while also handling U.S. military-diplomatic
Defense_Intelligence_Agency
U.S. intelligence and covert action agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) /ˌsiː.aɪˈeɪ/ is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with
Central_Intelligence_Agency
Government organisations in the UK
Government of the United Kingdom maintains several intelligence agencies that deal with secret intelligence. These agencies are responsible for collecting
British_intelligence_agencies
a list of intelligence gathering disciplines. Human intelligence (HUMINT) are gathered from a person in the location in question. Sources can include
List of intelligence gathering disciplines
List_of_intelligence_gathering_disciplines
Intelligence of machines
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning
Artificial_intelligence
Military doctrinal concept
ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield
Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance
Intelligence agency in the U.S. State Department
of Intelligence and Research (INR) is an intelligence agency in the United States Department of State. Its central mission is to provide all-source intelligence
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Bureau_of_Intelligence_and_Research
Intelligence-gathering by interception of signals
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications
Signals_intelligence
Information about military opponents
known or may be gathered from public sources. This form of information collection is known as open-source intelligence. For example, the population, ethnic
Military_intelligence
Use of publicly available information for military strategy
of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine has attracted significant attention. Open-source intelligence (OSINT)
Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine
Organisation
evaluation of public sources (OSINT or Open Source INTelligence) and cooperation with other institutions. Some private intelligence agencies obtain information
Private_intelligence_agency
Collection and analysis of business and market information from multiple sources
Competitive intelligence involves systematically collecting and analysing information from multiple sources as part of a coordinated competitive intelligence program
Competitive_intelligence
Data that is useful in detecting or predicting cyberattacks
vulnerabilities they exploit. Sources of cyber threat intelligence include open-source data, social media, operational and technical intelligence, device log files
Cyber_threat_intelligence
Type of spy
spy (espionage agent) who is recruited before having access to secret intelligence, subsequently managing to get into the target organization. However,
Mole_(espionage)
Analysing secret intelligence
Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural
Intelligence_analysis
Ostensible identity in an infiltrated organization assumed by a covert agent
A cover in foreign, military or police human intelligence or counterintelligence is the ostensible identity and role or position in an infiltrated organization
Cover (intelligence gathering)
Cover_(intelligence_gathering)
Open-source intelligence company
Information Services, commonly known as Janes, is a global open-source intelligence company specialising in military, national security, aerospace, and
Janes_Information_Services
Information on military opponents' location
In the United States, geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) is intelligence about the human activity on Earth derived from the exploitation and analysis of
Geospatial_intelligence
Open Source Information System (OSIS) is the former name of an American unclassified network serving the U.S. intelligence community with open source intelligence
Open Source Information System
Open_Source_Information_System
Collective term for US federal intelligence and security agencies
The United States Intelligence Community (IC) is a group of U.S. federal government intelligence agencies and subordinate organizations that work to conduct
United States Intelligence Community
United_States_Intelligence_Community
Intelligence that is required for forming national-level policy and military plans
reflections comes from Open Source Intelligence. Other sources include traditional HUMINT (especially in recent years), Signals intelligence including ELINT, MASINT
Strategic_intelligence
Tools for analyzing and synchronizing data from social media websites
closed social networks. This type of intelligence gathering is one element of OSINT (Open- Source Intelligence). To support both the sensing and seizing
Social_media_intelligence
vision, artificial intelligence and robotics library for the .NET framework OpenCV – computer vision library in C++ See List of open-source machine learning
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
US Government organisation
The Open Source Enterprise (OSE) is a United States Government organization dedicated to open-source intelligence. Initially part of the Office of the
Open_Source_Enterprise
Open-source autonomous AI assistant software
OpenClaw is a free and open-source autonomous artificial intelligence agent that can execute tasks via large language models (LLMs), using messaging platforms
OpenClaw
Technical branch of intelligence gathering
target sources. This often includes radar intelligence, acoustic intelligence, nuclear intelligence, and chemical and biological intelligence. MASINT
Measurement and signature intelligence
Measurement_and_signature_intelligence
Group intelligence that emerges from collective efforts
Collective intelligence (CI) or group intelligence (GI) is the emergent ability of groups, whether composed of humans alone, animals, or networks of humans
Collective_intelligence
Stages of intelligence information processing
(imagery intelligence), ELINT (electronic intelligence), SIGINT (Signals Intelligence), OSINT (open source, or publicly available intelligence), etc. Once
Intelligence_cycle
Open Source Intelligence Reader is one of three standard references on open-source intelligence. The other two are the NATO Open Source Intelligence Handbook
NATO Open Source Intelligence Reader
NATO_Open_Source_Intelligence_Reader
Information as knowledge of the enemy
classification. Even that information which has been obtained as open-source intelligence can often become classified by a government when it is all put together
Intelligence_(information)
Data and analysis of a commercial market
Market intelligence (MI) is gathering and analyzing information relevant to a company's market - trends, competitor and customer (existing, lost and targeted)
Market_intelligence
Evaluation of sensitive state, military, commercial, or scientific information
or commercial organisation with ranges of information sources available to each. An intelligence assessment reviews available information and previous
Intelligence_assessment
Collaborative intelligence is distinguished from collective intelligence in three key ways: First, in collective intelligence there is a central controller
Collaborative_intelligence
OSINT defence analysis website
Oryx, or Oryxspioenkop, is a Dutch open-source intelligence defence analysis website and warfare research group. According to Oryx, the term spionkop
Oryx_(website)
Australian government agency
production of all-source intelligence assessments, and the strategic development and enterprise management of the National Intelligence Community. The ONI
Office of National Intelligence
Office_of_National_Intelligence
Unintended consequence of covert operations, typically involving rogue terrorist groups
without a discernible, direct cause; because the public—in whose name the intelligence agency acted—are unaware of the effected secret attacks that provoked
Blowback_(intelligence)
Information about the weapons and technological capabilities of a foreign adversary
technological advantages." Scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) is "the (All-source intelligence) analysis and production resulting from the collection
Technical_intelligence
World Wide Web content existing on darknets
dark web. OSINT, or Open Source Intelligence, are data collection tools that legally collect information from public sources. OSINT tools can be dark
Dark_web
U.S. government AI system
Sentient is a classified artificial intelligence (AI)–powered satellite-based intelligence analysis system developed and operated by the National Reconnaissance
Sentient (intelligence analysis system)
Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)
Military unit
Military Intelligence Battalion conducts intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) synchronization; and all-source intelligence analysis,
66th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)
66th_Military_Intelligence_Brigade_(United_States)
Intelligence Community Directive 301 is a rescinded United States Intelligence Community Directive issued in 2006 to emphasise open source intelligence
Intelligence Community Directive 301
Intelligence_Community_Directive_301
of the sources selected. Most TIPs provide integration to the major commercial and open-source intelligence sources. Modern threat intelligence platforms
Threat_Intelligence_Platform
Intelligence branch of the U.S. Marine Corps
Marine Corps Intelligence is the intelligence element of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and an element of the United States Intelligence Community
Marine_Corps_Intelligence
Military unit
conducts all-source, signals intelligence, geospatial intelligence, open source intelligence, counterintelligence and human intelligence operations in
312th Military Intelligence Battalion (United States)
312th_Military_Intelligence_Battalion_(United_States)
French artificial intelligence company
artificial intelligence (AI) company, headquartered in Paris. Founded in 2023, it has open-weight large language models (LLMs), with both open-source and proprietary
Mistral_AI
Protocol for communicating between LLMs and applications
open standard and open-source framework introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 to standardize the way artificial intelligence (AI) systems like large
Model_Context_Protocol
Process of managing and organising the collection of evidence
Intelligence collection management is the process of managing and organizing the collection of intelligence from various sources. The collection department
Intelligence collection management
Intelligence_collection_management
CIA foreign news monitoring service (1941–2005)
Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) was an open source intelligence component of the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Science and Technology
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
Foreign_Broadcast_Information_Service
Intelligence gathered by means of imagery
Imagery intelligence (IMINT), pronounced as either as Im-Int or I-Mint, is an intelligence gathering discipline wherein imagery is analyzed (or "exploited")
Imagery_intelligence
Apparently multiple sources for single-source data
through sloppy reporting or intelligence-gathering. However, the situation can also be intentionally contrived by the source or reporter as a way of reinforcing
Circular_reporting
Government agency
service gathers intelligence by such means as signals intelligence (SIGINT), open-source intelligence (OSINT) and human intelligence (HUMINT). It operates
Romanian_Intelligence_Service
Information relative to U.S. National Security
States classified information concerning or derived from sensitive intelligence sources, methods, or analytical processes. All SCI must be handled within
Sensitive compartmented information
Sensitive_compartmented_information
Pseudonymous blockchain investigator
Wolk is a pseudonymous American blockchain investigator and open-source intelligence (OSINT) researcher known for independent forensic investigations
ZachXBT
AI that generates content
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses generative models to generate text, images, videos
Generative_AI
Type of journalism
checking, and reflected a similar term—open-source intelligence—that was in use from 1992 in military intelligence circles. The meaning of the term has since
Open-source_journalism
Freely licensed software with open code
formerly proprietary software Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software Open-source license Openwashing Outline of free software FOSS is an inclusive
Free_and_open-source_software
Russian military intelligence agency
formerly the Main Intelligence Directorate, and commonly known by its previous abbreviation GRU, is the foreign military intelligence agency of the General
GRU_(Russian_Federation)
Strategies for analysis and use of data
comprehensive view that creates ‘intelligence’ not possible from any single data source alone. Among their many uses, business intelligence tools empower organizations
Business_intelligence
American cybersecurity company
and dark web sourcing as well as dark web forum access and analysis. In 2016, Recorded Future was named a partner for threat intelligence by Splunk, Palo
Recorded_Future
Spy in place with no immediate mission
"Terms & Definitions of Interest for DoD CI Professionals" (PDF). Defense Intelligence Agency. May 2, 2011. p. GL-157. Archived (PDF) from the original on June
Sleeper_agent
Software licensed to ensure source code usage rights
regard to open source is their investments in technologies such as operating systems, semiconductors, cloud, and artificial intelligence. These technologies
Open-source_software
Guiding the intelligence cycle
Intelligence cycle management refers to the overall activity of guiding the intelligence cycle, which is a set of processes used to provide decision-useful
Intelligence_cycle_management
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. Originally,
Intelligence_quotient
Online newspaper based in Riga, Latvia
indicating his connection with the Russian intelligence agencies. The documents were provided by a source from the Russian police. Roman Dobrokhotov himself
The_Insider_(website)
Israeli non-governmental organization
to combatting online antisemitism. It uses artificial intelligence and open-source intelligence to track antisemitic communications and publishes analysis
CyberWell
American CIA officer and conspiracy theorist (1952–2021)
government. He was a supporter of open-source intelligence and argued that the CIA refused to take open-source information seriously and should not be
Robert_David_Steele
UK military intelligence analysis facility in Cambridgeshire, England
National Centre for Geospatial Intelligence (NCGI), which provides Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) support to HM Armed
RAF_Wyton
Ukrainian data analysis firm
utilizes a multifaceted approach, combining Open-source intelligence (OSINT) with Human Intelligence (HUMINT) and covert operational methods. Dallas also
Dallas (intelligence and analytics company)
Dallas_(intelligence_and_analytics_company)
Investigative journalism group
investigative journalism group that specialises in fact-checking and open-source intelligence (OSINT). It was founded by British citizen journalist and former
Bellingcat
an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also
Outline of artificial intelligence
Outline_of_artificial_intelligence
as well as other intelligence assessment, has existed since ancient history. In the 1980s scholars characterized foreign intelligence as "the missing dimension"
History_of_espionage
2001 film by Steven Spielberg
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (or simply A.I.) is a 2001 science fiction drama film directed by Steven Spielberg. The screenplay by Spielberg and screen
A.I._Artificial_Intelligence
Russian investigative organisation
opposition activist Ruslan Leviev, that specializes in open-source intelligence and human intelligence. It is known for its investigations into the activities
Conflict_Intelligence_Team
Meaning of police intelligence
from open source intelligence (information available to the general public), human intelligence (HUMINT), measures and signatures intelligence (MASINT)
Intelligence cycle (target-centric approach)
Intelligence_cycle_(target-centric_approach)
1994 book
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is a 1994 book by the psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and the political scientist
The_Bell_Curve
Daily US President intelligence briefing
classified intelligence analysis, information about covert operations, and reports from the most sensitive US sources or those shared by allied intelligence agencies
President's_Daily_Brief
US Defense Intelligence Agency department
The Missile and Space Intelligence Center (MSIC) is a component of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency. MSIC is located at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville
Missile and Space Intelligence Center
Missile_and_Space_Intelligence_Center
American geopolitical advising firm
Strategic Forecasting Inc. is an American strategic intelligence publishing company founded in 1996. Stratfor's business model is to provide individual
Stratfor
Exchange of military intelligence between organisations or states
Intelligence sharing is "the ability to exchange intelligence, information, data, or knowledge among Federal, state, local or private-sector entities
Intelligence_sharing
Chinese artificial intelligence company
DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Basic Technology Research Co., Ltd., doing business as DeepSeek, is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company that
DeepSeek
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Source
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived beside a stream, Old English burna, burne ‘spring’, ‘stream’, or a habitational name from a place named with this word, for example Bourn in Cambridgeshire or Bourne in Lincolnshire. This word was replaced as the general word for a stream in southern dialects by Old English brÅc (see Brook) and came to be restricted in meaning to a stream flowing only intermittently, especially in winter.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : variant of Norris 3.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fosse. There has been some confusion with northwestern English force in the sense of ‘waterfall’, it is possible that the surname may also have arisen as a topographic name for someone living by a waterfall.French : topographic name for someone who lived by a fortress or stronghold, Old French force, Late Latin fortia, a derivative of fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort). There are several places named with this word (for example in Aude, and baronial lands in the Dordogne), and it may also be a habitational name from any of these.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : ethnic name for someone from Prussia, Middle English Spruce, Sprewse. Compare German Preuss. The adjective spruce ‘neat’, ‘dapper’, which probably derives from an attributive use of the name of the country, is not recorded until the late 16th century, too late for it to be a likely source of the surname. The tree (earlier called spruce fir) has likewise only come to be known by this name in the last couple of centuries.
Boy/Male
English
From the brook.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Water source
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Source
Male
Swedish
Swedish name derived from Old Norse stúra, STURE means "obstinate."
Boy/Male
Gaelic Irish
An ancient given name adopted as an Irish clan name. Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Burke.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : unexplained.Possibly an Americanized form of German Manz.
Boy/Male
French English
Lives in a fortress.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian
Source Ocean
Surname or Lastname
English (Suffolk)
English (Suffolk) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from the vocabulary word soul as a term of affection.French (Soulé) : variant of Soulier 1.George Soule (1600–80), one of the passengers on the Mayflower in 1620, was one of the founders of Duxbury, MA, where he became comparatively wealthy. He left eight children.
Surname or Lastname
English (Oxfordshire)
English (Oxfordshire) : habitational name from Stirch in Warwickshire.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Water source
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Middle English sour ‘sour’, ‘tart’, used as a nickname for a sour-tempered, sharp-tongued person.
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
Boy/Male
Polish
Soldier.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French
Sky-blue
Male
Egyptian
, a surname of the deity Osiris.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Patience
Female
Egyptian
, a lady of the family of Uer-mu.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Deependra | தீபேஂதà¯à®°
Lord of light
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hemavathy | ஹேமாஂவாதà¯à®¯
Goddess Lakshmi, Possessing gold, Golden Parvati
Male
Norse
Old Norse myth name of the largest ship of all, the ship that will carry the dead to Ragnarok, possibly NAGLFAR means "nail-farer."
Boy/Male
Indian
One of the Dhyani Buddhas.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
The One who Fights for Peace
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
imp. & p. p.
of Sour
n.
To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as, to solace grief.
v. t.
To wet copiously, as by opening a sluice; as, to sluice meadows.
n.
See 1st Souse.
adv.
In a sour manner; with sourness.
v. t.
To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to pounce paper, or a pattern.
n.
A series of motions or acts arranged in order; a succession of acts or practices connectedly followed; as, a course of medicine; a course of lectures on chemistry.
v. t. & i.
See Souse.
n.
To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to coerce; as, masters force slaves to labor.
v. i.
To dress one's self with affected neatness; as, to spruce up.
n. & v.
See Souse.
n.
Source. See Source.
v. t.
To dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.
n.
Hence, an opening or channel through which anything flows; a source of supply.
v. t.
To compel or enforce; as, to coerce obedience.
v. t.
To wash with, or in, a stream of water running through a sluice; as, to sluice eart or gold dust in mining.
a.
The wood or timber of the spruce tree.
n.
The lowest sail on any mast of a square-rigged vessel; as, the fore course, main course, etc.
v. i.
To have origin or source; to rise; to spring.
v. t.
To pounce upon.