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Sikh military confederation (1748–1799)
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes
Sikh_Confederacy
Political entity ruled by Sikhs
A Sikh state is a political entity that is ruled by Sikhs. There were various Sikh states, empires, and dynasties, beginning with the first Sikh state
Sikh_state
Since the 18th century
various Sikh states have been discovered, namely Banda's short-lived state, the misls of the Sikh Confederacy, the Sikh Empire, and coins from the Sikh polities
Sikh_coinage
Style of architecture
Sikh architecture is a distinctive style of architecture that developed under the Sikh Confederacy and later flourished during the Sikh Empire in the
Sikh_architecture
Religion originating in Punjab, India
Sikhism, also known as Sikhi, is an Indian religion and philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the
Sikhism
1758–1761 conflict between Afghans and Maratha–Sikh alliance
Afghan Empire under Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Maratha Empire and the Sikh Confederacy between 1758 and 1761. It took place in north-west India, primarily
Afghan–Maratha_War
Sikhs and Hindus. Subsequently, Sikhism militarised itself to oppose Mughal hegemony. The emergence of the Sikh Confederacy under the misls and Sikh Empire
History_of_Sikhism
Series of conflicts from 1766 to 1798
The Maratha–Sikh clashes of 1766–1798 were a series of intermittent conflicts between the Maratha Empire and the Sikh Confederacy, primarily in Northern
Maratha–Sikh_clashes
Sikh military confederation during the 18th century in Punjab
Dal Khalsa was the name of the combined military forces of 11 Sikh misls that operated in the 18th century (1748–1799) in the Punjab region. It was established
Dal_Khalsa_(Sikh_army)
1748–1837 wars between the Afghan and Sikh empires
continued after the Emirate of Kabul succeeded the Durrani Empire. The Sikh Confederacy had effectively achieved independence from the Mughal Empire in 1716
Afghan–Sikh_Wars
1762 massacre of Sikhs by the Durranis
elderly men. Also present in the group of Sikhs were 11 Misldars (leader of a Misl) of the Sikh Confederacy, including Jassa Singh Ahluwalia of the Ahluwalia
Vadda_Ghallughara
Ethnoreligious subgroup on the Indian subcontinent
least nine of the 12 Misls of the Sikh Confederacy were led by Jat Sikhs, who would form the vast majority of Sikh chiefs. Of the remaining three misls
Jat_Sikh
Religious group
formed under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. The Confederacy of these states was unified and transformed into the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. This
Sikhs
1848–49 conflict between the British and Sikh empires
peerage to marquess, the usual honor for governors general of India. The Sikh Confederacy Misls of the Punjab were consolidated into an Empire and expanded by
Second_Anglo-Sikh_War
Jat clan in India and Pakistan
Sidhu-Brar clan established the Phulkian Misl, one of the misls (confederacies) of the Sikh Confederacy. His descendants, the Phulkian Maharajas, became the kings
Sidhu
Surname list
[verification needed] The ruling house of the Nishanwalia Misl during the Sikh Confederacy was from this clan. Notable people bearing the name Shergill (or Sher-Gill)
Shergill
Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy (1748–1801)
The Sukerchakia Misl was one of 12 Sikh misls in the Punjab during the 18th century, concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad districts in western Punjab
Sukerchakia_Misl
of the Sikhs: Evolution of the Sikh Confederacies, 1739–1768. Minerva Book Shop. Gupta, Hari Ram (1978). History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies
Sikh invasion of South-Western Punjab
Sikh_invasion_of_South-Western_Punjab
Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy (1748-1810)
cannon or Bhangi Toap Sikh Confederacy Dhillon Bhang Cannabis and Sikhism His name is alternatively spelt as 'Desa Singh Bhangi'. Sikh History (2004). "The
Bhangi_Misl
Flag representing the Sikh people
known simply as Niśān or as the Sikh flag, is used to represent the Sikh people worldwide. Gurdwaras and other Sikh religious spaces are usually marked
Nishan_Sahib
Sikh warrior (1688–1764)
was a Sikh warrior from the 18th century who served under the Shaheedan Misl of the Sikh confederacy. Gurbaksh Singh along with 29 other Sikh warriors
Baba_Gurbaksh_Singh
Empire on the Indian subcontinent, 1799–1849
related to Sikh Empire. Article on Coins of the Sikh Empire Sikh Confederacy Archived 1 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine Confederacy of Punjab Sikh Kingdom
Sikh_Empire
Sikhism in China is a minority religion in the People's Republic of China (Mandarin Chinese: 锡克教在中国, romanized: Xí kè jiào zài zhōngguó, lit. 'Sikhism
Sikhism_in_China
Pre-independence history of Pakistan
Preface, pp. ix–xiii) www.DiscoverSikhism.com. History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls. Metcalf, Barbara Daly (1
History_of_Pakistan
Contact team sport popular in South Asia
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Kabaddi
18th century Afghan–Sikh war battle
Punjab and signified a decisive shift in regional power toward the Sikh confederacy. In early 1764, Ahmad Shah Durrani advanced from Kabul to reassert
Battle_of_Chenab
neighboring strongholds. Gupta, Hari Ram (1999). History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh confederacies, 1708–1769. p. 232. ISBN 978-81-215-0248-1. Gupta 1992,
Sukerchakia–Chattha_conflict
The Battle of Amritsar was fought on 24 November 1798 between the Sikh forces led by Ranjit Singh and the Afghan forces led by Zaman Shah Durrani. On 24
Battle_of_Amritsar_(1798)
Sikh leader of the Singh Krora Misl
Misls during Sikh Confederacy. In 1765, Singh became the leader of the Misl. Baghel Singh is remembered for constructing important Sikh Gurdwaras in Delhi
Baghel_Singh
devout Sikhs. Usage of the honourific bhai declined in the 18th century and was replaced with sardar. After the formation of the Sikh Confederacy in 1748
Sikh_titles
Metropolis in Punjab, India
princely states and maintain diplomatic relations with the Sikh Empire. After the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46) and the annexation of Punjab in 1849, Ludhiana
Ludhiana
Common in the second half of the 18th century
Sikh attacks on Delhi were a number of attacks and raids carried out by the Sikhs on the Mughal capital of Delhi in the second half of the 18th century
Sikh_attacks_on_Delhi
Protection tax in 18th century India
a tributary protectorate scheme practiced by the Dal Khalsa of the Sikh Confederacy in the 18th century. It was alternatively called the Jamadari system
Rakhi_system
Sikh-Afghan battle
governor of Lahore. Gupta, Hari (2007). History of the Sikhs Vol II Evolution of the Sikh Confederacies. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-215-0248-1
Battle_of_Pipli_Sahib
Sikh leader and warrior (1697–1753)
1753) was a major Sikh leader who led the community during the early-to-mid 18th century. He was the organizer of the Sikh Confederacy and its military
Nawab_Kapur_Singh
City in Punjab, Pakistan
checked the Maratha advance after destroying their forces at Panipat. The Sikh Empire (1799–1849) under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) captured the fortress
Attock
1748–1769 Afghan invasions in India
Shah Durrani against the declining Mughal Empire, the Maratha Empire, Sikh Confederacy, and numerous other Indian kingdoms.[citation needed] The primary basis
Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Indian_campaign_of_Ahmad_Shah_Durrani
Jat clan from Punjab
Dhillon sardars (chiefs) ruled the Bhangi Misl (sovereign state) in the Sikh confederacy. Notable people who bear the name, who may or may not be affiliated
Dhillon
People of Pakistan
Other minority religious faiths include Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadiyya, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and Kalasha. Pakistan's Hindu and Christian minorities
Pakistanis
Archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Mohenjo-daro
1762 battle
ISBN 9788176017831. Gupta, Hari (2007). History of the Sikhs Volume II Evolution of the Sikh confederacies (1707-1769). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers
Battle_of_Kup
Domes appear frequently in Sikh architecture, which was greatly influenced by Mughal architecture. Most of Historical Sikh buildings were built towards
South_Asian_domes
Culinary traditions of Pakistan
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Pakistani_cuisine
Surname list
the Jat Sikhs of Punjab, India. Historically, they were influential Sardars (Sikh chiefs) under the Singh Krora Misl during the Sikh Confederacy in India
Dhaliwal_(surname)
Battle was fought between the Sikhs led by Nawab Kapur Singh against the Mughal Forces led by Salabat Khan. The Sikhs successfully defeated and killed
Siege_of_Amritsar_(1748)
Metropolis in Punjab, Pakistan
The Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh allowed the son of Sardar Milkha Singh to continue as Governor of Rawalpindi, after he seized it in 1810. Sikh rule
Rawalpindi
Former district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 1969–2018
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Chitral_District
Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy
resembling a large, family clan like most of the other misls of the Sikh Confederacy. The misl was established by Jats. In 1748, Baba Deep Singh was appointed
Shaheedan_Misl
Sikh warrior and leader (1721/30–1770/74)
Evolution of Sikh Confederacies. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-81-215-0248-1. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies
Charat_Singh
Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy (1748–1801)
The Kanhaiya Misl was one of the twelve misls of the Sikh Confederacy. It had been founded by Jai Singh Kanhaiya. Jai Singh Sandhu (son of Khushal Singh)
Kanhaiya_Misl
Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy
the Faizulpuria Misl, was one of the twelve misls of the Sikh Confederacy. It founded by the Sikh warrior Nawab Kapur Singh, who was born in 1697 and later
Singhpuria_Misl
Sovereign state in the Sikh Confederacy of Punjab
transliterated as Ahluvalia) was a misl, that is, a sovereign state in the Sikh Confederacy of Punjab region in present-day India and Pakistan. The misl's name
Ahluwalia_(misl)
Battle of Shujabad in 1780, Sikh Misls vs Afghans
Afghan–Sikh Wars. The Afghans were led by Muzaffar Khan and Timur Shah Durrani, while the Sikhs were led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and other Sikh chiefs
Battle_of_Shujabad_(1780)
Deliberative assembly of the Sikhs
Dal Khalsa and the legislature of the Sikh Confederacy. Meetings of the Sarbat Khalsa began with an Ardās, a Sikh prayer for guidance. The body then chose
Sarbat_Khalsa
Country in South Asia
50,000 Muslim women were abducted and raped by Hindu and Sikh men, while 33,000 Hindu and Sikh women experienced the same fate at the hands of Muslims
Pakistan
Sikh community and special group
follows Sikhism as its religion, as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs. The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru
Khalsa
Head of government
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan
1772–1773 Bhangi Misl campaign
25 December 1772, the fort and province of Multan had passed into Bhangi Sikh hands. Sharif Beg was allowed to withdraw safely to Talamba and later went
Jhanda Singh's western Punjab campaign
Jhanda_Singh's_western_Punjab_campaign
Province of Pakistan
signed in 1838. The British East India Company defeated the Sikh Empire in the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, and incorporated western portions of the present-day
Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa
1794 battle in the Maratha–Sikh wars
The Battle of Mardanpur was fought between the Sikh forces of Patiala state led by Bibi Sahib Kaur and the Maratha forces led by Lakshmi Rao. In 1794,
Battle_of_Mardanpur
Gupta, Hari Ram (1999). History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies, 1708–1769. History of the Sikhs. Vol. 2 (3rd, illustrated ed.). Munshiram
Siege_of_Ram_Rauni
18th c. military action
The siege of Patiala was a 7-day siege fought between the Sikh forces led by Raja Amar Singh and Mughal forces led by Abdul Ahad Khan. From 8 June to 18
Siege_of_Patiala_(1779)
Capital of Sindh, Pakistan
with the remaining 7% primarily Christians (both British and native), Sikhs, Jains, with a small number of Jews. Following the independence of Pakistan
Karachi
Indian Marathi house
Kingdom (1650–1948) Maratha Empire (1674–1818) Sikh Confederacy (1707–1799) Travancore Kingdom (1729–1947) Sikh Empire (1799–1849) Colonial states (1510–1961)
Bhonsle_dynasty
Major city in Pakistan
as the capital of the Sukerchakia Misl between 1763 and 1799, and of the Sikh Empire from 1799 to 1801, before it shifted to Lahore. Gujranwala is Pakistan's
Gujranwala
(2001). History of the Sikhs, Volume 1. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-81-215-0540-6. Bhagata, Siṅgha (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau
List of wars in the Indian subcontinent
List_of_wars_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
1674–1818 empire in the Indian subcontinent
The Maratha-Sikh treaty in 1785 made the small Cis-Sutlej states an autonomous protectorate of the Scindia Dynasty of the Maratha Confederacy, as Mahadaji
Maratha_Empire
Overview of music traditions in Punjab
sound or word. Preaching of Sikh Gurus is called bani or ‘’transcript of Sikh Satgurus, which is set to music in various Sikh scriptures called granths”
Music_of_Punjab
Province of Pakistan
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Balochistan,_Pakistan
Battle between Sikh Misls and Durrani Afghans
The Siege of Rohtas was a military engagement in 1767 during which the Sikh chiefs Charat Singh and Gujjar Singh Bhangi besieged and captured the strategically
Siege_of_Rohtas
Sikh leader and founder of Kapurthala State (1718–1783)
Ahluwalia (3 May 1718 – 23 October 1783) was a Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy, being the supreme leader of the Dal Khalsa. He
Jassa_Singh_Ahluwalia
Temporary skin decoration
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Mehndi
18th-century South Asian military engagement
Gupta 2007, p. 216 Gupta, Hari (2007). History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707-69). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd
Battle_of_Qarawal
Indian empire (185–73 BCE)
Kingdom (1650–1948) Maratha Empire (1674–1818) Sikh Confederacy (1707–1799) Travancore Kingdom (1729–1947) Sikh Empire (1799–1849) Colonial states (1510–1961)
Shunga_Empire
Sikhism is a minority religion in Pakistan with a population of around 16,000 Sikhs, accounting for 0.01% of the national population. Although Sikhs form
Sikhism_in_Pakistan
City in Punjab, Pakistan
religious scholars escaping the consolidation of Sikh power in Punjab. Fearing an invasion from the Sikh Empire, Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan III signed
Bahawalpur
Province of Pakistan
estimates indicated the Sikh population in Sindh stood at approximately 10,000, while the 2023 census indicated a population of 5,182 Sikhs. Languages of Sindh
Sindh
Sikh religious site in Punjab, India
turns. During the Sikh Empire, Ranjit Singh abolished the system of collective manegement of the site by the sardars of the Sikh Confederacy. He further entrusted
Golden_Temple
1790 siege between Sukerchakia and Bhangi misls
(1951). History of the Sikhs: Trans-Sutlej Sikhs, 1769-1799. Punjab: S.N. Sarkar. Gupta, Hari Ram (1999). History Of The Sikhs: The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise
Siege_of_Sodhra
Sikh Maharaja from 1801 to 1839
November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder and the first maharaja of the Sikh Empire, ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. Born to Maha Singh, the
Ranjit_Singh
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Languages_of_Pakistan
Military unit
The Sikh Khalsa Army (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਫੌਜ, romanized: Sikha khālasā phauja), also known as Khalsaji, or simply Sikh Army, was the military force of
Sikh_Khalsa_Army
Land service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces
4 June 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2019. "Sikh and Hindu officers usher in a new era in Pakistani Army". SikhNet. Archived from the original on 21 January
Pakistan_Army
Battle between the Afghans and Sikhs
Singha 2000, p. 57. Gupta, Hari (2007). History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707-69). Munishram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.Ltd.
Battle_of_Amritsar_(1757)
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Geography_of_Pakistan
Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy
misls of the Sikh Confederacy. The misl was founded by Sardar Gulab Singh, a Khatri Sikh, as a Jatha, but he was later succeeded by a Jatt Sikh named Tara
Dallewalia_Misl
Topics referred to by the same term
Rohillas under Zabita Khan Battle of Delhi (1783), fought between the Sikh Confederacy and the Mughal Empire Capture of Delhi (1788), fought between the Maratha
Battle_of_Delhi
Sardar of Gujrat
(died 1814) was a Sikh chieftain and ruler of Gujrat in the Chaj Doab under the Bhangi Misl, one of the twelve misls of the Sikh Confederacy in eighteenth-century
Sahib_Singh_Bhangi
April to May 1772 by Sikh forces led by Sahib Singh against the Mughal coalition forces led by Mughal Ali Khan. Siege ended with a Sikh victory against an
Siege_of_Kunjpura_(1772)
Sikh raid on Delhi during the fall of the Mughal Empire
Battle of Delhi was fought between the Dal Khalsa of Sikhs and the Mughal Empire in 1783. The Sikhs under Baghel Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, and Jassa
Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)
conduct commerce. Under Sikh rule, the Nanakshahi rupee (issued by the Sikhs and named after Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism) was the predominant currency
Economy_of_Punjab,_India
Political party in Pakistan
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf
Trousers and tunic worn in South Asia
stringent alternative to the chador or burqa (see hijab and purdah); for Sikh and Hindu women, the dupatta is useful when the head must be covered, as
Shalwar_kameez
Mughal Empire, Sikh Confederacy, Durrani Empire, Maratha Empire, George Thomas, Gwalior State, Company Rule in India and British Raj. Sikhs during the 18th
History_of_Haryana
Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Divisions_of_Balochistan
Armed conflict
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
India–Pakistan_war_of_1965
Ruling dynasty of Magadha (c. 345–322 BCE)
was under the rule of two factions. The two factions may have been a confederacy, or one may have overshadowed the other. The king referred to by Diodorus
Nanda_Empire
Sikh migration from historical homeland
the Sikh tribal heartland of the Punjab region. The development of the Sikh Confederacy and the rise of the Sikh Empire (1716–1849) led to Sikhs migrating
Sikh_diaspora
Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
(mostly concentrated in the Eastern regions of the province), and 14.91% Sikh (mostly concentrated in the center of the province, around Amritsar and Lahore)
List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan
List_of_districts_in_Punjab,_Pakistan
National sports team
Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British
Pakistan national cricket team
Pakistan_national_cricket_team
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