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Type of medieval fortification
A shell keep is a form of medieval fortification, best described as a stone structure encircling the top of a motte. In English castle morphology, shell
Shell_keep
Fortified tower built in the Middle Ages
and was a term applied to the shell keep at Guînes, said to resemble a barrel. The term came to be used for other shell keeps by the 15th century. By
Keep
Castle that sits beside Loch Ness
"shell keep" (a hollow enclosure) of this date. These ruins are fragmentary but indicate that there were towers to the north and south of the shell keep
Urquhart_Castle
Former castle of the bishop of Winchester
massive foundations of a Norman tower and then totally enclosed by a shell keep, with buttress turrets and a shallow gatehouse. Attached to the motte
Farnham_Castle
Grade I listed castle in Cardiff, Wales
began to be rebuilt in stone, probably by Robert of Gloucester, with a shell keep and substantial defensive walls being erected. Further work was conducted
Cardiff_Castle
Grade I listed castle in the United Kingdom
ground. Before 1100, the de Clares replaced the wooden castle with a stone shell keep. This was reinforced during the thirteenth century, and in 1295 a stone
Tonbridge_Castle
Shell keep in Leiden, the Netherlands
(Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbʏr(ə)xt fɑn ˈlɛidə(n)]; Fort of Leiden) is an old shell keep in Leiden constructed in the 11th century. It is located at the spot where
Burcht_van_Leiden
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
Bash (short for "Bourne Again SHell") is an interactive command interpreter and command language developed for Unix-like operating systems. Supported
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Norman castle in Cornwall, England
Restormel Castle is an unusually well-preserved example of a circular shell keep, a rare type of fortification built during a short period in the 12th
Restormel_Castle
Country house, owned by National Trust
timber castle on the site as part of the pacification of Somerset. A stone shell keep was built on the motte by the start of the 12th century, and the castle
Dunster_Castle
Medieval fortification
stone, with the keep and the gatehouse usually the first parts to be upgraded. Shell keeps were built on many mottes, circular stone shells running around
Motte-and-bailey_castle
Fortified Centre of Wareham and Part of the Motte and Bailey Castle with Shell Keep", Historic England, retrieved 26 August 2016 Royal Commission on the Historical
Wareham Castle and town defences
Wareham_Castle_and_town_defences
Ruined castle in Hampshire, England
of the octagonal keep and outlying earthworks. In September 2007 Hampshire County Council undertook a restoration of the shell keep under guidance from
Odiham_Castle
Norman motte and bailey castle in Devon, England
Bramber, who is probably responsible for constructing the first stone shell keep and walls on the site. By 1326, the castle had fallen into ruin and was
Totnes_Castle
Castle in North Yorkshire, England
stone shell keep. The current inner ward was originally the bailey, and was built between 1180 and 1187. The keep was developed into a stone shell keep sometime
Pickering_Castle
Norman castle in Cornwall, England
keep is the 13th-century high tower, 12 metres (39 ft) in diameter, constructed from dark shale. This replaced any internal rooms that the shell keep
Launceston_Castle
Castle in Surrey, England
around the top of the motte creating what is known as a shell keep, and then around the 1130s a keep (tower) was added, again made of Bargate stone from nearby
Guildford_Castle
Ruined castle in Tretower, Powys, Wales
I, replaced the motte with a shell keep. By about 1230 a tall cylindrical keep was added to the inside of the shell keep, possibly by his great-grandson
Tretower_Castle
Ruined castle in Plympton, England
stone remains consist of a fragmentary shell keep, standing about 4m high, with walls about 3m thick. The shell keep was a circular wall on top of the motte
Plympton_Castle
castles, three fortified manor houses, an enclosure castle, and a possible shell keep. A motte-and-bailey castle is characterised by two elements: the motte
List of castles in Greater Manchester
List_of_castles_in_Greater_Manchester
United States-based subsidiary of Shell plc
Shell USA, Inc. (formerly Shell Oil Company, Inc. until 2022) is the United States–based wholly owned subsidiary of Shell plc, a British corporation "oil
Shell_USA
The two principal elements in their construction were the great tower or keep, such as the White Tower, and the fortified enclosure, such as is provided
List_of_castles_in_England
Official country residence of British monarch
were driven in to support the motte and the old wooden keep was replaced with a new stone shell keep, with a probable gateway to the north-east and a new
Windsor_Castle
Styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans
Castle: keep Trematon Castle, shell keep and curtain White Tower, Tower of London Castle Rising Castle: keep entrance Chapel inside Dover Castle keep Hedingham
Norman_architecture
Defensive structure used in fortifications
tower Half tower Martello tower Scottish Broch Tower house Witch tower Shell keep Kennedy (2000). Kennedy, Hugh (2000). Crusader Castles. Cambridge University
Fortified_tower
Medieval castle in Gloucestershire, England
him permission to rebuild the castle. Fitzharding built the circular shell keep between 1153 and 1156, probably on the site of the former motte. The building
Berkeley_Castle
Raised bank of land or barrier
fabric that provide a barrier to keep spills from reaching the ground or navigable waterways. Most berms have sidewalls to keep liquids contained for future
Berm
Fortified structure
lacking features such as towers and arrowslits and relying on a central keep. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, a scientific approach to castle
Castle
Motte-and-bailey castle in Pembrokeshire, Wales
of stone, and show the original features without embellishments. The shell keep on the summit of the Motte is typical of the Norman stonework of the time
Wiston_Castle
Area-denial weapon
ferreus, the latter meaning "jagged iron" (literally "iron spiny snail-shell"). The former term derives from the ancient Greek word tribolos meaning
Caltrop
Payload-carrying projectile
system for artillery shells Bofors/Nexter Bonus, with infrared and LiDAR guided submunitions The fuze of a shell has to keep the shell safe from accidental
Shell_(projectile)
12th century castle in Waterford, Ireland
is composed of a polygonal shell keep, enclosed with a curtain wall, with corner and gate towers. The 12th-century shell keep is the earliest part of the
Dungarvan_Castle
Castle in Northumberland, England
built without a square keep. The castle consists of two main rings of buildings. The principal rooms are in the much-rebuilt shell keep at the centre of the
Alnwick_Castle
Phylum of animals having a dorsal nerve cord
of calcite, a material not used by chordates. Their hard, calcified shells keep their bodies well protected from the environment, and these skeletons
Chordate
Type of barbed wire
Barbed wire obstacles were vulnerable to being pushed about by artillery shells; in World War I, this frequently resulted in a mass of randomly entangled
Concertina_wire
Superfamily of crustaceans (Paguroidea)
crabs keep their shell clean along with the crabs of the family Porcellanidae. It is not rare to see both the worms and crabs in the same shell. There
Hermit_crab
Aldford, Cheshire castle
Margaret. Archaeological findings show that it was rebuilt in stone as a shell keep castle in the 13th century. The purpose of the castle appears to have
Aldford_Castle
Norman castle in Cornwall, England
shell keep raised on an earlier motte. Although in ruins, much of the Norman walls remain standing, so that the original form of the Castle and keep are
Trematon_Castle
Castle in Gloucestershire, England
The castle overlooks the River Frome and included a 60-foot (18 m) wide shell keep, protected by a stone wall and a moat. The castle is positioned on a rocky
Miserden_Castle
Term for post-traumatic stress disorder
Shell shock is a term that originated during World War I to describe symptoms similar to those of combat stress reaction and post-traumatic stress disorder
Shell_shock
Unix shell
The Z shell (Zsh) is a shell and a command-line interpreter for shell scripts. Zsh mostly maintains the Bourne shell's syntax and behavior, but in its
Z_shell
Defensive military storage fortification
location is a reinforced below-ground bathroom with fiber-reinforced plastic shells. Bunkers deflect the blast wave from nearby explosions to prevent ear and
Bunker
Medieval architectural style
period had a high tower, called a donjon or keep, usually surrounded by a lower wall, called a shell keep. The earliest were rectangular, but were usually
French Romanesque architecture
French_Romanesque_architecture
Type of fortress in Arab or Islamic regions
right position of a watchtower, on a hill top, is the wrong place for a keep or granary." Archaeologists have found images of similar towers in the ruins
Kasbah
Video-sharing platform
on June 26, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2010. "YouTube redesigns website to keep viewers captivated". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on
YouTube
President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)
company. In 1992 and 1994, Trump, working with several relatives, formed a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's
Donald_Trump
Camouflaged one-man foxhole
hometown of Tikrit). List of established military terms Trench Fox hole Shell scrape Trench warfare Defensive fighting position Staff (April 18, 2003)
Spider_hole
Place of storage for ammunition or other explosive material
seawater in an emergency. The separation of shell and propellant gave the storage of the former the name "shell room" and the latter "powder room". Surface
Magazine_(artillery)
Early modern fortification style built to withstand cannon fire
star-shaped city". In the nineteenth century, the development of the explosive shell changed the nature of defensive fortifications. Elvas, in Portugal is considered
Bastion_fort
President of the United States from 1961 to 1963
English-speaking native with a canoe, Kennedy carved his location on a coconut shell and requested a boat rescue. Seven days after the collision, with the coconut
John_F._Kennedy
Castle in the United Kingdom
secluded hunting lodge in Leighfield Forest. It comprised a ringwork or shell keep, with an adjacent bailey; earthwork dams were constructed to flood the
Sauvey_Castle
Linux-based operating system developed by Google
Kenny Strawn, by entering the ChromeOS shell in developer mode, typing the command shell to access the bash shell, and finally entering the command update_engine_client
ChromeOS
Small fortification with holes through which soldiers can fire ranged weapons
tilted or turned upside down by the nearby explosion of even medium (240mm) shells. However, it seems more likely that it originally alluded to pillar boxes
Pillbox_(military)
records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 15 May 2021 Halton Castle: ruined shell keep castle on site of motte & bailey, Revealing Cheshire's Past, retrieved
List_of_castles_in_Cheshire
2020 Japanese-American animated webseries
Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045 (Japanese: 攻殻機動隊 SAC_2045, Hepburn: Kōkaku Kidōtai Esu-Ē-Shī Nī-Zero-Yon-Go) is a Japanese original net animation (ONA) series
Ghost_in_the_Shell:_SAC_2045
Script written for an operating system shell
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered
Shell_script
Pre-assembled firearm ammunition
cartridge concept as found in small arms. In other cases, the artillery shell is separate from the propellant charge. A cartridge without a projectile
Cartridge_(firearms)
American multinational technology company
intellectual property rights. Most have been dismissed in the courts as shell companies known as patent trolls, with no evidence of actual use of patents
Apple_Inc.
Air defense towers used by Nazi Germany
rounds per minute from their multi-level guns (albeit mostly smaller-caliber shells, such as the 2cm FlaK 30), with a range of up to 14 km (8.7 mi) in a 360-degree
Flak_tower
Defensive ditch surrounding a fortification or town
Retrieved May 12, 2010. Glaister, Dan (March 14, 2008). "US city plans moat to keep out migrants". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on September
Moat
Japanese nation state from 1868 to 1947
After an attack on Japanese monks in Shanghai (January 18), Japanese forces shell the city (January 29). Manchukuo is established with Henry Pu Yi as emperor
Empire_of_Japan
Natural number
the Filling of Nucleonic Shells and the Revelation of Special Numbers Indicating the Filling of Subshells Within Those Shells". San José State University
2
NFL team in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
expansion team, after the NFL offered then-owner Rankin Smith a franchise to keep him from joining the rival American Football League (AFL). In their 59 years
Atlanta_Falcons
Underground structure for launching missiles
possible from major population centres. They had many defense systems to keep out intruders and other defense systems to prevent destruction (see Safeguard
Missile_launch_facility
1995 film by Mamoru Oshii
Ghost in the Shell is a 1995 Japanese animated tech noir action thriller film directed by Mamoru Oshii from a screenplay by Kazunori Itō, based on the
Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)
Ghost_in_the_Shell_(1995_film)
Computer application of Microsoft Windows
infrastructure is the basis for the Windows PowerShell scheduled jobs feature introduced with PowerShell v3. Task Scheduler can be compared to cron or anacron
Windows_Task_Scheduler
Soft-bodied eight-limbed order of molluscs
carbonate of the shell. This can take hours and once the shell is penetrated, the prey dies almost instantaneously. With crabs, tough-shelled species are more
Octopus
Device used in the cooking of eggs
needle to keep the shell from cracking during boiling. If both ends of the shell are pierced, the egg can be blown out while preserving the shell (for crafts)
Egg_piercer
2014 American-British war film directed by David Ayer
said, "It was set up to break us down, to keep us cold, to keep us exhausted, to make us miserable, to keep us wet, make us eat cold food. And if our
Fury_(2014_film)
Castle in France
with flanking towers. The octagonal keep is considered one of the best preserved examples of a shell keep. A second keep, cylindrical, called the Prisoner's
Château_de_Gisors
Ruined castle in Brecon, Powys, Wales
out through the castle's history. A shell keep made of stone was constructed in the late 12th century (the keep was initially made of wood). In 1233
Brecon_Castle
Battle on the Western Front during the First World War
artillery fired 855,264 shells, including more than half a million 75 mm field-gun shells, a hundred thousand 155 mm medium artillery shells and three hundred
Battle_of_Verdun
Software that manages computer hardware resources
the classic reader/writer problem. The writer receives a pipe from the shell for its output to be sent to the reader's input stream. The command-line
Operating_system
Circular fortified settlements found in Northern Europe
defended settlement on a rise of elevation Ringwork – Type of early castle Shell keep – Type of medieval fortification "Flying Past - The Historic Environment
Ringfort
Town in Surrey, England
of shell keep at Guildford Castle (Grade I) (1177988)". National Heritage List for England. Alexander 2006, p. 19 Historic England. "The castle Keep (Grade
Guildford
NFL team in the Las Vegas metropolitan area
the return of Art Shell as head coach. In announcing the move, Al Davis said that firing Shell in 1995 had been a mistake. Under Shell, the Raiders lost
Las_Vegas_Raiders
Tenth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars (1853–1856)
which military forces used modern technologies such as explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs. It was also one of the first to be documented
Crimean_War
2016 film by Dave Green
replacing Liebesman. Known briefly as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Half Shell, Paramount revealed that the title had officially been changed to Teenage
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows
Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles:_Out_of_the_Shadows
Island country in South Asia
May 2014. Hogendorn, Jan. The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. pp. 23–24. Hogendorn, Jan and Johnson Marion (1986). The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. African
Maldives
Land warfare involving static fortification of lines
outdated infantry tactics. Soldiers began digging in to avoid the deadly shelling. This tactical shift signaled the end of classic open-field battles. This
Trench_warfare
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
relationship. The underlying core of electrons under aluminium's valence shell is that of the preceding noble gas, whereas those of the heavier group 13
Aluminium
2001 accounting scandal
disclose minimal details on its use of "special purpose entities". These shell companies were created by a sponsor, but funded by independent equity investors
Enron_scandal
2020 film by Thomas Bezucha
Weboys'. Finding a shotgun on the back porch, he checks and replaces the shells in the gun. George sets a fire outside as a distraction, reaches Donnie
Let_Him_Go
English actor and film director (1923–2014)
Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep Gandhi afloat." At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio
Richard_Attenborough
Partly ruined castle in Oxford in Oxfordshire, England
reconstructed from its original materials in 1794. The ten-sided stone shell keep, 58 feet (18 m), constructed in the 13th century to replace an earlier
Oxford_Castle
Phylum of invertebrate animals
ancestral mollusc" (see image below). This has a single, "limpet-like" shell on top, which is made of proteins and chitin reinforced with calcium carbonate
Mollusca
Medieval castle in Bedford, England
lay around the castle; and a new keep was built on the motte. Brown suspects that the new keep was probably a shell keep with a tower, similar to those
Bedford_Castle
British musician (born 1948)
just keep on singing the tune until the words come out from the tune. It's kind of a hypnotic state that you reach after a while when you keep on playing
Cat_Stevens
the 11th century. A ring-motte is a ring-work with a raised centre. A shell keep was a motte with a stone wall rather than a wooden stockade on top; there
List of castles in Gloucestershire
List_of_castles_in_Gloucestershire
2021 Microsoft operating system version
version of Windows. The operating system introduced a redesigned Windows shell influenced by elements of the canceled Windows 10X project, including a
Windows_11
giving up numerous hits, especially extra-base hits, is said to be getting shelled – as if under siege by enemy artillery. Where all infielders and/or outfielders
Glossary_of_baseball_terms
Japanese anime film and television series
Ghost in the Shell: Arise (Japanese: 攻殻機動隊 ARISE, Hepburn: Kōkaku Kidōtai Araizu) is an original video animation and television series that serves as
Ghost_in_the_Shell:_Arise
Title character of Disney's 2016 animated film of the same name
necklace, which is seen throughout most of the film. We found this abalone shell. It's actually a mollusk, and you find this on all the Pacific Islands;
Moana_(character)
British multinational oil and gas company
operated by Shell. It was later replaced by Shell-D'Arcy Petroleum Development Company and Shell-BP Petroleum Development Company (now Shell Petroleum Development
BP
Hard, protective outer layers created by an animal that lives in the sea
A seashell (or sea shell), also known simply as a shell, is a hard, protective outer layer usually created by an animal or organism that lives in the sea
Seashell
French general and statesman (1890–1970)
he received a bayonet wound to the left thigh after being stunned by a shell and was captured after passing out from the effects of poison gas. He was
Charles_de_Gaulle
Military invasion led by the United States
ship's crew. The deployment was commemorated by an engraved 5 inch combat shell casing bearing the names of all 175 crew members, and is currently preserved
2003_invasion_of_Iraq
Type of fortification
loopholes was one of the principal means of defense. A feudal lord could keep watch over his domain from the top of his tower. In southern Saudi Arabia
Watchtower
Probability puzzle
proposed a shell game to illustrate: "You look away, and I put a pea under one of three shells. Then I ask you to put your finger on a shell. The odds
Monty_Hall_problem
Norman castle in Hertfordshire, England
century, the castle had been rebuilt in stone, probably by Becket, with a shell keep and an outer stone wall; the bailey was divided in two by a wall to form
Berkhamsted_Castle
travel, tourism, insurance
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
Girl/Female
Welsh
Shell.
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Assamese, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
From the Ledge Meadow; Meadow on the Ledge; Little Rock; Ewe; Female Sheep; Style; Manner; Method; Language
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a brisk or active person, from Middle English snell ‘quick’, ‘lively’, in part also representing a survival of the Old English personal name Snell or the cognate Old Norse Snjallr.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Meadow on a Ledge
Male
English
Short form of English unisex Shelley, SHELL means "clearing near a ledge/slope."
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Old Norse Ãsketill, ÃSKELL means "divine kettle."
Surname or Lastname
English (Gloucestershire)
English (Gloucestershire) : unexplained.Americanized spelling of Schill.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Mountain
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Shell, a place in Worcestershire, so named from Old English scylf ‘bank’, ‘shelf’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Schelle ‘bell’.Americanized spelling of German Schall or Schill.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Good Character
Boy/Male
English American
Meadow on a ledge.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill, from southeastern Middle English hell ‘hill’, a dialect form characteristic of Kent and Sussex.English : from a personal name, Helle, which may have been a variant of Elie (a Middle English form of Elias), or perhaps a short form of a personal name formed with Hild- as the first element (see Hilliard for example), or perhaps from the female personal name Helen.German : nickname from Middle High German hell ‘bright’, ‘shining’.German : variant of Helle 3.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Shelley.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : topographic name for someone who lived near a marsh, from an old dialect word stel ‘bog’, where the land was built up on mudflats (behind the dyke) for cattle grazing. The word later assumed the meaning ‘small farm’.English (West Yorkshire) : variant of Still 2, possibly also of Steel.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Character, Custom, Nature
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Nold.
Girl/Female
Hindu
A way to do work
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Cultured
Girl/Female
Anglo Saxon English American
From the ledge meadow.
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
travel, tourism, insurance