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Loss of consciousness at a shallow depth during a dive
Shallow-water blackout is loss of consciousness at a shallow depth due to hypoxia during a dive, which could be the result of any one of significantly
Shallow-water_blackout
Loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold dive
causes of blackout have been excluded. In this article, constant pressure blackout and shallow water blackout refers to blackouts in shallow water following
Freediving_blackout
American drowning awareness organization
Underwater Hypoxic Blackout Prevention (UHBP), formerly known as Shallow Water Blackout Prevention (SWBP), is an American nonprofit organization headquartered
Underwater Hypoxic Blackout Prevention
Underwater_Hypoxic_Blackout_Prevention
Visual dimming caused by hypoxia
paradoxically: self-induced hypocapnia, such as in the fainting game or in shallow water blackout. Overexertion Severe episodes of coughing or sneezing Panic attack
Greyout
Suspension of breathing
One using this method can suddenly lose consciousness unnoticed—a shallow water blackout—as a result. If a person loses consciousness underwater, there is
Apnea
State of reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
of loss of consciousness from cerebral hypoxia, as exhibited in shallow water blackout. Hypocapnia also results in bronchoconstriction in order to decrease
Hypocapnia
Manned submersible and a type of swimmer delivery vehicle
The Shallow Water Combat Submersible (SWCS), also known as the Mark 11 SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV Mk 11), is a crewed, wet (free-flooding) submersible
Shallow Water Combat Submersible
Shallow_Water_Combat_Submersible
Effect of shallow water on a surface gravity wave
into areas of shallow water, they begin to be affected by the ocean bottom. The free orbital motion of the water is disrupted, and water particles in orbital
Waves_and_shallow_water
Dutch extreme athlete (born 1959)
of consciousness. If this occurs underwater, it can result in a shallow water blackout, which can be fatal—a phenomenon well-known among divers and swimmers
Wim_Hof
Respiratory impairment caused by submersion in liquid
Breath-holding in water should always be supervised by a second person, as by hyperventilating, one increases the risk of shallow water blackout because insufficient
Drowning
Loss of awareness of self and environment
treatment. Coma Do not resuscitate Greyout Hypnosis Living will Shallow water blackout Sleep Somnophilia Syncope (fainting) Trance Traumatic brain injury
Unconsciousness
Australian conservationist (1962–2006)
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Steve_Irwin
Underwater diving without breathing apparatus
January 2017. "Shallow Water Blackout: Risks for Freedivers & Scuba Divers". Epic Diving. 2026-03-03. Retrieved 2026-07-30. "Shallow-water Blackout". www.survivethedive
Freediving
English broadcaster and natural historian (born 1926)
him. The Monogenean Cichlidogyrus attenboroughi, a parasite from a deep-water fish in Lake Tanganyika, may be the only parasitic species named after him
David_Attenborough
2018 international rescue mission in Thailand
trapping them deep within. Efforts to locate the group were hampered by rising water levels and strong currents, and the team were out of contact with the outside
Tham_Luang_cave_rescue
Human body core temperature below 35 °C (95 °F)
of causes. It classically occurs from exposure to cold weather and cold water immersion. It may also occur from any condition that decreases heat production
Hypothermia
American band
festival held each year in Austin, Texas. Their third album, 1997's Shallow Water Blackout, was produced by Dwight Yoakam engineer Dusty Wakeman. Dieselhed
Dieselhed
Dangerous game of trying to faint
Asphyxia Blue Whale Challenge Momo Challenge hoax Blackout challenge Benadryl challenge Shallow water blackout – for further discussion on the hyperventilation
Choking_game
Severely deficient supply of oxygen
hanging Self-induced hypocapnia by hyperventilation, as in shallow water or deep water blackout and the choking game Inert gas asphyxiation Congenital central
Asphyxia
Disorder caused by dissolved gases forming bubbles in tissues
chamber. Where a chamber is not accessible within a reasonable time frame, in-water recompression may be indicated for a narrow range of presentations, if there
Decompression_sickness
American musician (1944–1983)
Forensic pathologist Michael Hunter believed that Dennis experienced shallow-water blackout just before his death. On January 4, 1984, Dennis's body was buried
Dennis_Wilson
Excessive breathing
breathing List of terms of lung size and activity Respiratory alkalosis Shallow water blackout, the role of hyperventilation in some drowning incidents Guyton
Hyperventilation
Influences of the underwater environment on the physiology of human divers
term shallow water blackout has been used to describe blackout on ascent because the blackout usually occurs when the diver ascends to a shallow depth
Human physiology of underwater diving
Human_physiology_of_underwater_diving
U.S. Navy's special operations force
Torch in North Africa. This enabled USS Dallas (DD-199) to traverse the water and insert U.S. Rangers who captured the Port Lyautey airdrome. In early
United_States_Navy_SEALs
Change in sea level due to gravity
United Kingdom has a double high water caused by the interaction between the M2 and M4 tidal constituents (Shallow water overtides of principal lunar).
Tide
German filmmaker (1902–2003)
that suddenly splits apart in the middle, spewing out an enormous jet of water, so powerful that it touched the sky and shook the earth." Hitler was immediately
Leni_Riefenstahl
British science fiction writer (1917–2008)
flower insignia, and stones in the form of elephant heads – spread on the shallow surrounding seabed. Other discoveries included Chola bronzes from the original
Arthur_C._Clarke
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water coral reefs exist on smaller scales in other areas. Shallow tropical coral
Coral_reef
Special forces unit of the British Army
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Special_Air_Service
Swimming while inhaling through a snorkel
they hyperventilate prior to submerging. This can in turn lead to "shallow water blackout". Snorkeling with a buddy and remaining aware of the buddy's condition
Snorkeling
Swimming underwater, breathing gas carried by the diver
low thermal conductivity. Unless the maximum depth of the water is known, and is quite shallow, a diver must monitor the depth and duration of a dive to
Scuba_diving
Directional mass flow of oceanic water
Iceland Current – Cold water ocean current that forms as a branch of the East Greenland Current Equatorial Counter Current – Shallow eastward flowing current
Ocean_current
Semi-submersible offshore drilling rig
maximum drilling depth of 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi), and it could operate at a water depth of 460 metres (1,500 ft). As a drilling rig, Byford Dolphin was equipped
Byford_Dolphin
Medical condition of lack of oxygen in the tissues
not considered a medical condition. Acute cerebral hypoxia leading to blackout can occur during freediving. This is a consequence of prolonged voluntary
Hypoxia_(medicine)
2006 animal encounter accident
lull in filming caused by inclement weather, Irwin decided to snorkel in shallow waters while being filmed in an effort to provide footage for Bindi the
Death_of_Steve_Irwin
Underwater diving to a depth beyond the norm
[citation needed] A severe risk in Deep Air Diving is deep water blackout, or depth blackout, a loss of consciousness at depths below 50 metres (160 ft)
Deep_diving
USMC deep reconnaissance unit
learned the operation of the early rebreather systems and advanced open water swimming. Meyers understood that his recon Marines would be operating 50
United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance
United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance
American engineer, vintner, and former NASA astronaut
Space Station systems, physiological training, T-38 flight training, and water and wilderness survival training. On completing this initial training, Hernández
José_M._Hernández
English Tudor warship (1511–1545)
the hulks rose and with them the wreck. It would then be towed into shallower water and the procedure repeated until the whole ship could be raised completely
Mary_Rose
Physiological responses, limits and pathologies associated with human freediving
Terminology for hypoxic blackout is inconsistent. The term shallow-water blackout has been applied both to hypoxic blackout during shallow or approximately constant-pressure
Physiology_of_freediving
British ocean liner (1907–1915)
it once it entered the water. The wooden supporting structure was held back by cables so that once the ship entered the water it would slip forward out
RMS_Lusitania
Descending below the surface of the water to interact with the environment
Retrieved 8 August 2017. Campbell, Ernest (1996). "Free Diving and Shallow Water Blackout". Diving Medicine. scuba-doc.com. Archived from the original on
Underwater_diving
Acoustic sensing method
advantage of being able to be placed deeper in the water, but have limitations on their use in shallow water. These are called towed arrays (linear) or variable
Sonar
Physiological response to sudden exposure to cold
cardio-respiratory responses caused by sudden immersion in cold water. In cold water immersions, such as by falling through thin ice, cold shock response
Cold_shock_response
Abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood
pressure of oxygen may be insufficient (shallow water blackout). This may manifest at depth as deep water blackout. Suffocation. Decreased concentration
Hypoxemia
Musical artist
(1996- Amarillo #601, credits: Bass/Backing Vocals) Dieselhed- "Shallow Water Blackout" (1997- Amarillo #608, credits: Bass/Backing Vocals) Dieselhed-
Atom_Ellis
American novelist and underwater explorer (1931–2020)
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Clive_Cussler
Special forces unit of the Royal Navy
28 August 2022. "United Kingdom – SEAL Delivery Vehicles (SDV) MK 11 Shallow Water Combat Submersibles (SWCS)". Defense Security Cooperation Agency (Press
Special_Boat_Service
Spread of planktonic algae in water
fresh water or marine water systems. It may be a benign or harmful algal bloom. Algal bloom is often recognized by the discoloration in the water from
Algal_bloom
Crewed full ocean depth rated submersible
of the traveling time will be spent ascending and descending through the water column The vessel is operated from a dual 24 V battery power supply and
DSV_Limiting_Factor
Physiological responses to immersion of air-breathing vertebrates
in comparison with sedentary subjects. Snorkel breathing is limited to shallow depths just below the surface due to the effort required during inhalation
Diving_reflex
Death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Avascular_necrosis
US government scientific agency
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration
Stationary diving discipline of holding breath underwater
competitions, but is occasionally used to set individual records. Shallow water blackout Freediving Underwater diving portal McKie, N (2004). "Freediving
Static_apnea
American engineer, astronaut, and naval aviator (born 1964)
crew supported about 115 scientific experiments, including an improved water-recycling machine, the Boiler Experiment Facility to test heat transfer
Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)
U.S. Navy officer and NASA astronaut (born 1965)
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Sunita_Williams
Return flow below nearshore water waves
flow velocities are generally strongest in the surf zone, where the water is shallow and the waves are high because of shoaling. In popular usage, the word
Undertow_(water_waves)
Irish safety freediver (1977-2017)
"Keenan suffered an in-water blackout in the last 10 meters of the ascent. He was alive when he was recovered from the water but died a short time later
Stephen_Keenan
Use of high-pressure water jet for cleaning hard surfaces
Pressure washing or power washing is the use of high-pressure water spray to remove loose paint, mold, grime, dust, mud, and dirt from surfaces and objects
Pressure_washing
Pirate Blackbeard's ship
Mark; Christopher W., Freeman; Benjamin W., Sumners (March 2015). "Shallow Water Hydrographic Surveys in Support of Archaeological Site Preservation:
Queen_Anne's_Revenge
Set of detailed instructions to assist in workplace safety
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Standard_operating_procedure
French oceanographer and author (1910–1997)
aimed at increasing the depth at which people continuously lived under water, and were an attempt at creating an environment in which men could live
Jacques_Cousteau
Organ system for circulating blood in animals
the surrounding water into the cells, and carbon dioxide can diffuse out. Consequently, every cell is able to obtain nutrients, water and oxygen without
Circulatory_system
Diving incident in the Maldives
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
2026 Dhekunu Kandu cave diving incident
2026_Dhekunu_Kandu_cave_diving_incident
British volunteer cave rescue diver
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
John_Volanthen
British cave diver who specialises in rescues
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Rick_Stanton
American journalist and anthropologist (born 1978)
related to people practicing the Wim Hof Method in water and passing out from shallow-water blackout. Carney attributes the deaths to people following
Scott_Carney
First ironclad of the US Navy, 1861–1862
pilothouse to be severely damaged, Worden ordered Williams to sheer off into shallow water, where Virginia with her deep draft could not follow. There Monitor
USS_Monitor
Injury due to pressure difference between gas filled space and adjoining tissue
collapse blood vessels. Symptoms range from pain under the sternum, shock, shallow breathing, unconsciousness, respiratory failure, and associated cyanosis
Barotrauma
Portable apparatus to recycle breathing gas
rebreather and was commonly used by navies for submarine escape and shallow water diving work, for mine rescue, high altitude mountaineering and flight
Rebreather
Copper helmet with rubberised canvas diving suit and weighted boots
was used to distinguish diving with this equipment from shallow water diving using a shallow water helmet, which was not sealed to the suit. Some variants
Standard_diving_dress
Surface waves generated by wind on open water
waves on water Wave setup – Increase in mean water level due to the presence of breaking waves Waves and shallow water – Effect of shallow water on a surface
Wind_wave
Technique for equalising pressure in the middle ears
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Valsalva_maneuver
American astronaut, circled the Moon in 2026 (born 1975)
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Reid_Wiseman
Field concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people at work
equipment, contact with plant and equipment, heat stress, inrush of bodies of water, falls from height, confined spaces, ionising radiation, etc. According
Occupational safety and health
Occupational_safety_and_health
Italian freediver (born 1992)
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Alessia_Zecchini
Stretch garment for protection from abrasion, UV and stings
rash guard helps to prevent irritation caused by rapid impact with surface water and waves as well. A rash guard by itself is used for light coverage in
Rash_guard
Italian free diver
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Enzo_Maiorca
Toxic effects of breathing oxygen at high partial pressures
4 bar (140 kPa) during a recreational dive and 1.6 bar (160 kPa) during shallow decompression stops is generally recommended, though military divers using
Oxygen_toxicity
Rigid head enclosure for underwater diving
diver's shoulders, with an open bottom, for shallow water use. The helmet isolates the diver's head from the water, allows the diver to see clearly underwater
Diving_helmet
Early form of diver propulsion vehicle
HMS Valiant and Queen Elizabeth (and an 8,000-ton tanker) were sunk in shallow water putting them out of action for many months. Luigi Durand de la Penne
Human_torpedo
Toxic effects of carbon monoxide
(2007). "Demand for poison control center services "surged" during the 2003 blackout". Clinical Toxicology. 45 (3): 248–54. doi:10.1080/15563650601031676. PMID 17453875
Carbon_monoxide_poisoning
Submersible that traveled to the Challenger Deep
syntactic foam. With a specific density of about 0.7, it would float in water. The foam is composed of very small hollow glass spheres suspended in an
Deepsea_Challenger
Female divers of Jeju, South Korea
started training as haenyeo when they were 11 years old. Beginning in shallow water, trainees worked their way up to more challenging depths. After about
Haenyeo
Lung gas and blood oxygen concentration sufficient to support consciousness only at depth
consequential blackout, which is a form of hypoxic blackout also referred to as blackout of ascent or deep water blackout, though deep water blackout is also
Latent_hypoxia
British explorer and TV presenter
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Paul_Rose_(TV_presenter)
Distinct layer of temperature change in a body of water
the tropics, variable in temperate regions and shallow to nonexistent in the polar regions, where the water column is cold from the surface to the bottom
Thermocline
Australian anesthesiologist and cave diver
Jemima (6 November 2018). "Thai cave rescue diver Richard Harris back in the water teaching art of rescue". ABC News. Retrieved 29 July 2026. Harris, Richard
Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)
Diving with access to breathable air of the atmosphere
defines confined water for recreational diving purposes as "Water which offers pool-like conditions, good visibility, and water which is shallow enough so that
Open-water_diving
Effect by which surface waves entering shallower water change in wave height
dynamics, wave shoaling is the effect by which surface waves, entering shallower water, increase in wave height. It is caused by the fact that the group velocity
Wave_shoaling
Diving mode and decompression technique
decompression sickness. Surface oriented air diving is more usual in shallower water. Saturation diving for other industrial and military applications,
Saturation_diving
Underwater diving breathing gas supplied from the surface
cleaning, swimming pool maintenance, and shallow underwater inspections. Sasuba and Snuba are mainly a shallow water recreational application for low-hazard
Surface-supplied_diving
Underwater sport of pushing a puck into the opposing goal
being struck on the head with the possibility of a major concussion or blackout underwater. There is an obvious risk of drowning if knocked unconscious
Underwater_hockey
Garment or device designed to protect a diver from the underwater environment
impair circulation at the neck, a very dangerous condition which can cause blackouts. For this reason, many divers choose to have wetsuits custom-tailored
Diving_suit
Breathing gas mixture experimentally used for very deep diving
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Hydrox_(breathing_gas)
Canadian astronaut, circled the Moon in 2026 (born 1976)
Sadurska Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling
Jeremy_Hansen
Scientific study of the ocean
remained confined to the topmost few fathoms of the water and a small amount of the bottom, mainly in shallow areas. Almost nothing was known of the ocean depths
Oceanography
Diving disorder caused by inhaling small quantities of salt water
Salt water aspiration syndrome or saltwater aspiration syndrome is a medical condition caused by the inhalation or aspiration (entry of materials into
Salt water aspiration syndrome
Salt_water_aspiration_syndrome
Unplanned drop in the pressure of a sealed system
encountered at altitudes above about 63,000 feet (19,000 m), the boiling point of water becomes less than normal body temperature. This measure of altitude is known
Uncontrolled_decompression
Retired US Navy officer and professor of oceanography (born 1942)
Sea expeditions relied on remote sensing with side-scan sonar in shallow and deep water to identify potential archaeological sites examined by ROVs. The
Robert_Ballard
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