Search references for SERE LANGUAGES. Phrases containing SERE LANGUAGES
See searches and references containing SERE LANGUAGES!SERE LANGUAGES
Niger–Congo language spoken in Senegal and Gambia
alphabet. Serer is one of the Senegambian languages, which are characterized by consonant mutation. The traditional classification of Atlantic languages is that
Serer_language
Proposed Ubangian language family of Central Africa
The Sere languages (also called the Ndogoic or Sere–Ndogo languages) are a proposed family of Ubangian languages spoken in South Sudan and the Democratic
Sere_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
a series Sere languages, a proposed family of Ubangian languages Sere language, spoken in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo "SERE", an episode
Sere
West African ethnoreligious group and nation
Seex, Serer-Noon (or Serer-None, Serer-Non, or Noon), Serer-Ndut (or N’doute), Serer-Jegem/Serer-Njeghen (or Serer-Dyegueme, Serer-Gyegem, or Serer-N'Diéghem)
Serer_people
Branch of Atlantic-Congo languages
the Southern Atlantic languages. The remaining (Northern or Senegambian) languages are characterized by a lack of tone. The Serer–Fulani–Wolof branch is
Senegambian_languages
Ubangian language of DR Congo
Sere is a minor Ubangian language of the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The name is variously spelled Serre, Shaire, Shere, Sheri, Sili
Sere_language
Group of Senegambian languages spoken in Senegal
(/ˈtʃæŋɪn/) languages are spoken by 200,000 people (as of 2007) in a small area east of Dakar, Senegal. They are the languages spoken by the Serer people who
Cangin_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Serer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Serer may refer to: Serer people Serer language Serer religion Rafael Calvo Serer (1916-1988), Spanish
Serer
Country in West Africa
official language of The Gambia and is thus used for official purposes and education. Other languages include Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Serer, Soninke,
The_Gambia
Hourglass-shaped West African drum
culture. However, the Serer language and its relative Senegambian languages are not tonal, unlike almost all other Niger-Congo languages. The problem was how
Talking_drum
Musical traditions of the Wolof ethnic group of Senegal
Wolof musical terminology including musical instruments comes from the Serer language. Wolof musicians were traditionally drawn from the griots (géwél), or
Wolof_music
Country in West Africa
speakers are ethnically Serers. Jola languages are widely spoken in the Casamance. Overall, Senegal is home to around 39 distinct languages. Several have the
Senegal
Five-pointed star polygon
(Yĕrûšālayim). In the Serer religion and the Serer creation myth, the pentagram, called Yooniir (also spelled Yoonir) in the Serer language, is the symbol of
Pentagram
Ubangian language of South Sudan
(Bviri, Belanda, Biri, BGamba, Gumba, Mbegumba, Mvegumba) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. A 2013 survey reported that ethnic Balanda reside in the
Belanda_Viri_language
Ubangian language spoken in South Sudan
Bai (Belanda, Biri, BGamba, Gumba, Mbegumba, Mvegumba) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. As of 2013, ethnic Bai reside in Khorgana Boma, Beselia Payam
Bai_language_(South_Sudan)
West African belief system
The Serer religion or Serer spirituality (Serer: A ƭat Roog, meaning "the way of the Divine", "path of God", or "religious life"), is the original religious
Serer_religion
Storyteller, singer, or musician of oral tradition in West Africa
(in N'Ko: ߖߋ߬ߟߌ, djeli or djéli in French spelling); also spelt Djali; Serer: paar or kevel or kewel / okawul; Wolof: gewel) is a West African historian
Griot
Ubangian language spoken in South Sudan
Feroge (Feroghe), endonym Kaligi, is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. As of 2013, ethnic Feroghe resided in Raja North Boma, Raja Payam, Raja County
Kaligi_language
Ethnic group also unified by a common religion
affiliation or a combination of religious affiliation and other factors, such as language or territorial origin. Sometimes, ethnoreligious communities can be defined
Ethnoreligious_group
Creation myth from West Africa
creator called Roog (or Koox in the Cangin languages). Serer creation myth developed from Serer oral traditions, Serer religion, legends, and cosmogonies. The
Serer_creation_myth
spoken as a first language by 38% of the population, Pulaar by 21%, Wolof by 18%, Soninke by 9 percent, Jola by 4.5 percent, Serer by 2.4 percent, Manjak
Languages_of_the_Gambia
Ubangian language of South Sudan
Mangaya (Buga) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. The endonym is Bug. As of 2013, they reside in Sopo Payam, Raja County. Ethnic Buja (Buga) live in
Mangaya_language
Ubangian language of South Sudan
a Ubangian language, one of the nine major languages of South Sudan, and is taught in primary school. It is used as a secondary language by the Gollo
Ndogo_language
Extinct Ubangian language of South Sudan
Togoyo (Togoy) is an extinct Ubangian language of South Sudan. Togoyo at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Santandrea, S. (1953). "A PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT OF THE
Togoyo_language
Language family mainly of the Central African Republic
The Ubangian languages form a diverse linkage of some seventy languages centered on the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ubangian_languages
Ubangian language spoken in DR Congo
Tagbo (Tagbu, Tagba) is a Ubangian language of Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tagbo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) v t e
Tagbo_language
Ubangian language of South Sudan
Indri (Yanderika, Yandirika) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. Indri at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) v t e
Indri_language
Type of folk wrestling
among the Serers, the word Njom derives from the Serer principle of Jom (from Serer religion), meaning heart or honour in the Serer language. The Jom principle
Senegalese_wrestling
Latin letter T with hook
letter of the Latin alphabet based on the letter t. It is used in the Serer language and was suggested as part of the African Reference Alphabet. Its lower
T_with_hook
Word meaning "master of the land" in the Serer language
means "master of the land" in the Serer language. The name was also sometimes the title of chiefs or kings of the Serer people of the Senegambia region
Lamane
River in West Africa
Senegal River (Serer: "Seen O Gal" or "Senegal" - compound of the Serer term "Seen" or "Sene" or "Sen" (from Roog Seen, Supreme Deity in Serer religion) and
Senegal_River
Surname list
Seric is a South Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include: Anthony Šerić (born 1979), Australia-born Croatian soccer player Andrea Šerić
Seric
Clans in western Africa
Serer maternal clans or Serer matriclans (Serer : Tim or Tiim; Ndut : Ciiɗim) are the maternal clans of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania
Serer_maternal_clans
President of Senegal from 1981 to 2000
Abdou Diouf (US: /ˈɑːbduː diˈuːf/ AHB-doo dee-OOF; Serer: Abdu Juuf; born 7 September 1935) is a Senegalese politician who was the second president of
Abdou_Diouf
Religious and ethnic persecution of the Serer people of West Africa
The Persecution of Serers is multifaceted and includes both ethnic and religious persecution of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania
Persecution_of_Serers
Word in reference to a type of drum, dance, rhythm, and ethnic slur
The term is derived from 2 languages spoken in Portuguese Guinea: the Sarar or Sadal, ka-mombuloñ;(probably Serer language) Bola (Bwlama, Juan or Jual)
Bamboula
Senegalese singer
Yandé Codou Sène (also Yande Codou Sene) was a Senegalese singer from the Serer ethnic group. She was born in 1932 at Somb in the Sine-Saloum delta and
Yandé_Codou_Sène
Ethnic people from western Senegal
Serer Kings The Serer-Noon also called Noon (sometimes spelt Non or None) are an ethnic people who occupy western Senegal. They are part of the Serer
Serer-Noon
Cangin language spoken in Senegal
it is a Serer dialect, is not closely related to the principal language of the Serer population, Serer-Sine. Like many of the local languages in Senegal
Noon_language
1976 Senegalese film
Kaddu Beykat (Serer: "Voice of the Peasant"; also known as Lettre paysanne or Letter from My Village) is a 1975 Senegalese film directed by Safi Faye
Kaddu_Beykat
Legal privilege given to some members in monarchical and princely societies
or "chief owner of the soil" in old Serer language were the ancient hereditary kings and landed gentry of the Serer people found in Senegal, the Gambia
Imperial, royal and noble ranks
Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
religion of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, Sirius is called Yoonir from the Serer language (and some of the Cangin language speakers
Sirius
Rite of passage as well as a religious education commanded by Serer religion
rite of passage as well as a religious education commanded by Serer religion that every Serer (an ethnoreligious group and nation found in present-day Senegal
Ndut_initiation_rite
Town and commune in Fatick Region, Senegal
[fatik]; Wolof: Fatik; Serer: Fatik) is a town and urban commune in Senegal, located between M'bour and Kaolack and inhabited by the Serer people. Its 2023
Fatick
events, see Roog, Serer religion, Serer creation myth, Serer prehistory, Lamane, States headed by Serer Lamanes, Serer history and Serer people. The Takrur
Timeline_of_Serer_history
Character and IPA symbol (Ʃ, ʃ)
(English sh). It is not common around African languages, but it is, in fact, used in some. For example, the Serer Latin alphabet uses its lowercase form for
Esh_(letter)
Direct descendants of Vulgar Latin
transcription delimiters. The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages or Latinic languages, are the languages that directly descended from
Romance_languages
Title for the King of Saloum in the Serer language
king of Saloum, in the Serer language. The ancient Kingdom of Saloum now part of present-day Senegal was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom. Their kings bore
Maad_Saloum
Romance language of Western Europe
portal Language portal Association internationale d'études occitanes Baìo History of the Basque language Languages of France Languages of Italy Languages of
Occitan_language
Culinary tradition
Gambian cuisine mainly consists of Mandinka, Wolof, Serer, and Jola food, similar to neighbouring Senegal. Gambian cuisine is part of West African cuisine
Gambian_cuisine
on 19 July 2001, is a Serer radio station broadcasting in the Serer languages - namely Serer-Siin or Seh and the Cangin languages. Following its formation
List of radio stations in Senegal
List_of_radio_stations_in_Senegal
Consonantal sound
alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this
Voiced dental and alveolar implosives
Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_implosives
Title for Serer high priests and priestesses
Saltigui or Saltigi in Serer), are Serer high priests and priestesses who preside over the religious ceremonies and affairs of the Serer people, such as the
Saltigue
Tracing of kinship through the female line
Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania are patrilineal (simanGol in Serer language) as well as matrilineal (tim). There are several Serer
Matrilineality
Ethnic group of Senegal
Serer-Safene, Safene, etc., are an ethnic group found in Senegal. Ethnically, they are part of the Serer people but do not speak the Serer language nor
Saafi_people
Post-classical Serer kingdom in Senegal
The Kingdom of Sine (or Siin in Serer, variations: Sin or Siine) was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in
Kingdom_of_Sine
Religious explanation
"Yoonir" in the Serer language and some of the Cangin languages. This star enables them to give accurate information as to when Serer farmers should start
Religious_cosmology
Town in Fatick Region, Senegal
area is the Sereer people, followed by the Wolof, Pulaars, and Mandinkas. The Wolof and Sereer languages are the most commonly heard languages, but many
Sokone
Christian doctrine in high church confessions
Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, some of their ancient dead are taken as, in an analogy, holy saints, called Pangool in the Serer language
Intercession_of_saints
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʄ⟩ in IPA
palatal implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this
Voiced_palatal_implosive
Cangin language spoken in Senegal
a language spoken in Senegal. The speakers of this language - the Palor people or Serer-Palor, are ethnically Serers but they do not speak the Serer-Sine
Palor_language
First president of Senegal, poet, and cultural theorist (1906–2001)
which states it occurred on 9 August 1906. His Serer middle name Sédar comes from the Serer language, meaning "one that shall not be humiliated" or "the
Léopold_Sédar_Senghor
Reincarnation in Serer religion
the Serer process of a spirit's (o laaw) incarnation or reincarnation found within the tenets of Serer religion (A fat Roog). In the Serer language, "Ciiɗ"
Ciiɗ_(Serer_religion)
Serer kingdom in present-day Senegal
The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer: Saluum or Saalum) was a Serer kingdom in present-day Senegal and parts of The Gambia. The precolonial capital was the city
Saloum
Consonantal sound
bilabial implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this
Voiced_bilabial_implosive
Topics referred to by the same term
song by Jesse Stone SRR IPC, a Linux message-passing project Serer language, a language with ISO 639 code srr Serine racemase, an enzyme encoded by the
SRR
Mauritanian journalist and politician
a Mauritanian journalist and politician of Serer origin. His surname Sarr, being one of the classic Serer patronyms. He is a co-founder and member of
Ibrahima_Sarr
Fortifications in France
The Séré de Rivières system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 along the frontiers, ridges and coasts of France. The fortifications were
Séré_de_Rivières_system
Large language family spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of "language" versus
Bantu_languages
(natural languages in current use); Historical (distinct from their modern form); Extinct in recent times; Constructed. for individual languages, and Genetic;
List_of_ISO_639-2_codes
Romance language
BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages)—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages, and some that are not
Spanish_language
Serer clan of Senegambia, West Africa
of the old Senegambian royal families of Serer ethnicity. The surname Joof, also spelt Juuf or Juf (in Serer and Cangin), Joof (English spelling in the
Joof_family
Concept of rebirth in different physical form
laaw) reincarnation as found within the tenets of Serer spirituality (A fat Roog). In the Serer language, "Ciiɗ", in its literal definition is the reincarnated
Reincarnation
Cangin language spoken in Senegal
Tambacounda area. The speakers (the Serer-Laalaa) are ethnically Serers, however just like the Ndut, Palor, Saafi and Noon languages, they are closely related to
Laalaa_language
This is a list of official languages by country and territory. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part
List of official languages by country and territory
List_of_official_languages_by_country_and_territory
Major division of the Niger–Congo language family
The Atlantic–Congo languages make up the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core
Atlantic–Congo_languages
national languages of Senegal are also Atlantic languages, including Pulaar and Sereer, the second- and third-most widely spoken languages in Senegal
Languages_of_Senegal
has over 500 languages (according to SIL Ethnologue), one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world. The languages of Africa belong
Languages_of_Africa
Serer maternal dynasty from the Serer pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine in the 14th century
Maternal Dynasty (Serer: Joos Fadiou/Fadioudj, other variations: Dioss Fahou/Fadiou, Dyoss, Dieuss, Dihosou, Diouss, Dyoos or Djeus) was a Serer maternal dynasty
Joos_Maternal_dynasty
2003 single by Tiziano Ferro
"Sere nere" (English: "Dark Evenings") is a song written and performed by Italian singer Tiziano Ferro, released on 6 November 2003 as the second single
Sere_nere
Semi-legendary founder of the Jolof Empire
of Ndiadiaye Ndiaye is recorded in the oral histories of the Wolof and Serer peoples. Although the exact dates of his reign are unknown, he founded the
Ndiadiane_Ndiaye
West African state (1350–1549)
The region that became Jolof was initially inhabited by the Soce and then Serer peoples, who were driven south by the Wolof by the 13th century. Wolof oral
Jolof_Empire
Ethnic group of Senegal
the Cangin languages) and a sub-group of the Serer people. In their oral history, the Palor and Ndut accepts a common origin and language. Their tradition
Palor_people
There are over 520 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The two official languages are English (which was the language of Colonial Nigeria) and French
Languages_of_Nigeria
Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières (French pronunciation: [ʁɛmɔ̃ adɔlf seʁe də ʁivjɛʁ]; 20 May 1815 – 16 February 1895) was a French military engineer and
Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières
Raymond_Adolphe_Séré_de_Rivières
Large language family of Sub-Saharan Africa
family of African languages spoken over the majority of sub-Saharan Africa. It unites the Mande languages, the Atlantic–Congo languages (which share a characteristic
Niger–Congo_languages
Manna Dynasty
War Jabi (Serer: Waar Jaabi or War Jaabi or War-Dyabe; Arabic: وار ذياب بن ربيس) was the first Muslim king of Takrur in the 1030s, the first to proclaim
War_Jabi
Supreme God and creator of the Serer religion of the Senegambia region
Cangin Saafi) is the Supreme God and creator of the Serer religion of the Senegambia region. In Serer, roog means sky or the heavens. Roog is sometimes
Roog
River in Senegal
16; -16.45 The River Sine or Sine River (Siin in Serer language; La Rivière Sine in French language) is a river in Senegal. It flows into the Atlantic
Sine_River
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
The Iranian languages, or Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by
Iranian_languages
Medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia
The medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia is partly characterised by resisting Islamization from perhaps the 11th century during the Almoravid
Serer_history
Senegambian language of West and Central Africa
countries in West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo
Fula_language
Senegalese ethnic group
Cangin languages, closely related to Palor. Like the other Cangin languages, the speakers are ethnically Serers but they do not speak the Serer-Sine language
Serer-Ndut_people
Consonantal sound
voiceless palatal implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this
Voiceless_palatal_implosive
Latest stage of the Egyptian language
te-camaule DEF:F:SG-camel ⲙⲓⲥⲉ mise mise deliver.ABS ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ənoušēre ən-ou-šēre PREP-INDEF:SG-girl ⲛ̀ϣⲓⲙⲉ ənšime ən-šime link-woman ⲁ ⲧⲉϭⲁⲙⲁⲩⲗⲉ ⲙⲓⲥⲉ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ
Coptic_language
Type of crucible steel
Wootz steel is a type of ultra high in carbon crucible steel historically produced in India and Sri Lanka, known for its strength, sharpness, and characteristic
Wootz_steel
other languages) Bedik: Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke
List_of_official_languages
including the Halpulaar speaking Toucouleur) (27.5%)); Serer group (probably including the Serer Cangin peoples (16%)); Mandinka (4.9%); Jola (4.2%); Soninke
Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal
Ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people
Pangool (in Serer and Cangin) singular: Fangool (var : Pangol and Fangol), are the ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people of Senegal
Pangool
(pre-Serer tombs, before the Serer of the north Exodus from Tekrur), or "lomb" or "pomboy" (Serer ancestral tombs post northern Serer Exodus from Tekrur). The
History_of_Senegal
SERE LANGUAGES
SERE LANGUAGES
Surname or Lastname
Southern French (Péré)
Southern French (Péré) : topographic name from a variant of périer ‘pear tree’.Catalan : from the personal name Pere, Catalan equivalent of Peter.English : variant of Pear 1.Hungarian : from the old secular personal name Pere, Pöre.
Girl/Female
Greek
Wife of Zeus.
Male
Spanish
Spanish pet form of Italian/Spanish Severiano and Severino, both SEVE means "stern."
Girl/Female
American, Gujarati, Indian, Japanese
The Hokan Language of the Seri
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Shear 1.Indian (Maharashtra); pronounced as two syllables : Hindu (Vani) name, probably from Marathi šera ‘rate’.
Boy/Male
Latin Russian
Attendant. Also a: Protector; shepherd.
Female
Welsh
Welsh name SEREN means "star."
Female
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Teresa, TERE means "harvester."Â
Boy/Male
French
Derived from a French place name.
Boy/Male
German, Teutonic
Armed
Girl/Female
Maori
Girl/Female
French, German
Spear Ruler
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from a Norman baronial name VERE means "alder."
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : variant of Sayer.
Male
French
French form of Latin Sergius, possibly SERGE means "sergeant."Â
Male
English
Short form of English Jeremiah, JERE means "Jehovah casts forth" or "Jehovah hurls."
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of German Gehr.English
Americanized form of German Gehr.English : perhaps a variant of Geary 3.Hungarian : from a reduced form of the personal name Gergely, Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).
Boy/Male
American, Christian, Finnish, German
Exalted of the Lord; God has Uplifted
Boy/Male
Biblical
Dyer's vat.
SERE LANGUAGES
SERE LANGUAGES
Boy/Male
Tamil
One who follows worship spiritual
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Enlightening
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, French, Hebrew, Latin
Golden
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Proud
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name KESTEJOO means "slave."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Adding the Ganga; Yamuna; Saraswathi Rivers
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from either of two places called Benington, in Hertfordshire and Lincolnshire, or from Long Bennington in Lincolnshire. The first is recorded in Domesday Book as Benintone ‘farmstead or settlement (Old English tūn) by the Beane river’; both Lincolnshire names are derived from the Old English personal name Beonna + -ing-, a connective particle denoting association, + tūn.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Beautiful one
Girl/Female
Indian
Gold
Boy/Male
Latin
Prisoner.
SERE LANGUAGES
SERE LANGUAGES
SERE LANGUAGES
SERE LANGUAGES
SERE LANGUAGES
pron.
See Her, their.
superl.
Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.
n.
Claw; talon.
n.
Helmsman. See 6th Steer.
adv.
In a sure manner; safely; certainly.
a.
[OE. seer, AS. sear (assumed) fr. searian to wither; akin to D. zoor dry, LG. soor, OHG. sor/n to to wither, Gr. a"y`ein to parch, to dry, Skr. /ush (for sush) to dry, to wither, Zend hush to dry. Ã152. Cf. Austere, Sorrel, a.] Dry; withered; no longer green; -- applied to leaves.
v. t.
To perform the duties belonging to, or required in or for; hence, to be of use to; as, a curate may serve two churches; to serve one's country.
v. t. & i.
To wear. See 3d Wear.
n.
A weir. See Weir.
pron.
Her; hers. See Her.
a.
In a sore manner; with pain; grievously.
adv.
To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither.
n.
A rudder. See 5th Steer.
Superl.
Only this, and nothing else; such, and no more; simple; bare; as, a mere boy; a mere form.
n.
See Bear, barley.
v. t.
To work; to operate; as, to serve the guns.
a.
Sore; painful.
superl.
Severe; afflictive; distressing; as, a sore disease; sore evil or calamity.
a.
Dry; withered. Same as Sear.