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Ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people
Pangool (in Serer and Cangin) singular: Fangool (var : Pangol and Fangol), are the ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people of Senegal
Pangool
West African belief system
/ pangool. They are the pivot around which all the rituals that make up religious and therapeutic practices originate. The priest / o yaal pangool, master
Serer_religion
Five-pointed star polygon
Retrieved 29 November 2025. Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation sereer, vol. II : Pangool, Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar, 1990, pp. 20, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Pentagram
Creation myth from West Africa
are not limited to them. The Serer people have many gods, goddesses and Pangool (the Serer saints and ancestral spirits represented by snakes), but one
Serer_creation_myth
Hourglass-shaped West African drum
PMID 29857748. (in French) Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), pp. 48–49
Talking_drum
Supreme God and creator of the Serer religion of the Senegambia region
(1983), p 44, ISBN 2-7236-0868-9 Gravrand, "Pangool", p 183 Gravrand, "Pangool", pp 169-171 Gravrand, "Pangool", p 169 (in French) Thiaw, Issa laye, "Mythe
Roog
Sezibwa River. Mindiss (or Mindis) is not a deity in Serer religion, but a pangool with goddess–like attributes. She is a female protector of the Fatick Region
List_of_water_deities
Icon representing a particular religion
ISBN 0-660-15965-1 Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation sereer, vol. II : Pangool, Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar (1990), p. 20-21, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Religious_symbol
Class of religious beliefs
ƭat Roog) encompasses ancestor veneration (not worship) via the Pangool. The Pangool are the Serer ancestral spirits and interceders between the living
Animism
Religious concept of first human
– Pangool, vol. 2. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), p. 204, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1 Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sereer – Pangool, vol
List of protoplasts in religion
List_of_protoplasts_in_religion
West African ethnoreligious group and nation
and poems; veneration and offerings to Serer gods, goddesses, and the pangool (ancestral spirits and saints); astronomy; rites of passage; medicine;
Serer_people
Type of folk wrestling
négro-africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sereer, Pangool. Les Nouvelles Edition Africaines. 1990, p 40 Prawer, Joshua, "III. Bibliographie
Senegalese_wrestling
religion (including those Senegalese who syncretize) honour the Serer pangool and have ancient rituals and festivals devoted to them. The religious affairs
Religion_in_Senegal
Country in West Africa
Press (1968) ISBN 0-8047-0621-2 Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation Sereer, Pangool, p. 13. Dakar, Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1990), ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Senegal
Reincarnation in Serer religion
religion. However, the reincarnation of the Pangool/soul is a well-held principle in Serer beliefs. The Pangool (singular. Fangool) are themselves holy,
Ciiɗ_(Serer_religion)
Diverse traditional beliefs and practices of African people
the Supreme Deity and Creator Roog. However, the reincarnation of the Pangool or souls is a well-held belief in Serer spirituality. There are often similarities
African_traditional_religions
Cultural or religious practice
believe in the veneration of the pangool (ancient Seereer saints and/or ancestral spirits). There are various types of pangool (singular: fangol), each with
Veneration_of_the_dead
Worship of or belief in multiple deities
earlier, when the ancient ancestors of the Serer people represented their Pangool on the Tassili n'Ajjer. [dubious – discuss] The supreme creator deity in
Polytheism
II : "Pangool", Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar, 1990, p 20, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1 Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation sereer, vol. II : "Pangool", Nouvelles
Flag_of_Senegal
Divine being in physical form on Earth
Serer saints and ancestral spirits, called Pangool, is a well-held principle in Serer religion. These Pangool (singular: Fangool) act as intermediaries
Incarnation
Christian doctrine in high church confessions
of their ancient dead are taken as, in an analogy, holy saints, called Pangool in the Serer language. These ancient ancestors act as interceders between
Intercession_of_saints
Historical state in West Africa
sereer: Cossan, vol. 1. pp 115–18 Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation Sereer: Pangool, vol. 2, p. 13 Kane 2004, p. 76. Thiaw 2013, p. 97. Thiaw, Issa Laye, La
Takrur
Demi-god in the Serer religion
along with millet, fruits and vegetables. Like the offerings to certain Pangool (singular :Fangool, the Serer saints and spirits represented by snakes)
Takhar
Flag used to represent an ethnicity
November 2018. Gravrand, Henry (1990). La civilisation Sereer, Volume II: Pangool. Nouvelles éditions Africaines du Sénégal (in French). Dakar, Senegal.
Ethnic_flag
and agricultural calendar, the day of worship and libations to the Serer pangool (ancestral spirits), and prohibition of all cultural activities corresponds
Religion_in_the_Gambia
Everything in space and time
McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-7674-1957-4. (Henry Gravrand, "La civilisation Sereer -Pangool") [in] Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frobenius-Institut, Deutsche Gesellschaft
Universe
Geographical region in West Africa
d'Afrique Noire (1956), pp. 432-48 Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sereer: Pangool, Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), pp, 9, 20 & 77. ISBN 2723610551
Senegambia
Ovamboland. (in French) Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer, vol. II: Pangool", Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar (1990), pp 193-4, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
List of matrilineal or matrilocal societies
List_of_matrilineal_or_matrilocal_societies
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
S2CID 224796672. Brosch 2008, p. 65 Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer : Pangool", vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Sénégal, (1990) pp. 20–21
Sirius
Archaeological site in Senegal and the Gambia
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Senegambian_stone_circles
Deity of the Noon people of Senegal
to have died. Kokh Kox is worshipped through intermediaries (e.g. the Pangool). Like all the Serer group who adhere to the tenets of Serer religion,
Kokh_Kox
Ancient village in Senegal
Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", vol. 2. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), p 204, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1 Gravrand, "Pangool", pp 208-9 (in French)
Yaboyabo
Abode of the dead, in various cultures
semestre 1991 (in French) Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer, vol. II: Pangool, Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar, 1990, pp 91–128, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Hell
Word meaning "master of the land" in the Serer language
Serer religion. They created sanctuaries and shrines in honour of the Pangool (Serer ancestral spirits and Saints). They are the predecessors of the
Lamane
Senegalese ethnic group
volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991 Gravramd, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990), p. 9. ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Serer-Ndut_people
Ancient history of the Serer ethnic group
founding ancestors were also very often sanctified as "Fangool" (singular of Pangool: "ancestral spirit" or "saint" in Serer religion). Such relics associated
Serer_prehistory
West African ethnic group
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Wolof_people
Religious and ethnic persecution of the Serer people of West Africa
Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation Sereer: Pangool, vol. 2, p. 13 Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer: Pangool." Vol. 2. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines
Persecution_of_Serers
Rite of passage as well as a religious education commanded by Serer religion
circumcision. Upon arrival in this sacred place, the boys chant the names of the Pangool (singular: Fangol, Serer saints and ancestral spirits) : "Fadid, Fango
Ndut_initiation_rite
Medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia
1. La Civilisation sereer, Cossan pp 115–18; & La civilisation Sereer, Pangool p 13 Klein, Martin, Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847–914
Serer_history
Serer divination ceremony
homage to their Serer ancestors. The Lebou genies are actual the Serer pangool. The Xooy takes place around late May early June before the rainy season
Xooy
Title for Serer high priests and priestesses
busy meditating, touring Tukar and making offerings to the pangool, Lunguñ Joof (pangool of the founder of Tukar, and ancestor of the Joof family, Lamane
Saltigue
Commune in Dakar Region, Senegal
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Sébikhotane
Legal privilege given to some members in monarchical and princely societies
of Serer religion and many of them have been canonized as Holy Saints (Pangool). Otumfuo, literally "the powerful one", an Akan title to mean a king.
Imperial, royal and noble ranks
Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks
Westernmost region of the African continent
thing is protruding from it. It is said to be the dwelling place of a pangool. Ngoye njuli is protected by the Senegalese authorities and attracts visitors
West_Africa
Senegalese politician and musician (born 1959)
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Youssou_N'Dour
Capital of The Gambia
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Banjul
State in the Senegambia region of West Africa (1537–1867)
Westview Press. pp. 78–82. Gravrand, Henry (1990). La Civilisation Sereer: Pangool. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal. pp. 75–78. Niane, D.T. (1984)
Kaabu
Village in Senegal
Tukar once a year on the second Thursday after the new moon in April. The Pangool of Tukar of is Lunguñ Joof (or Lunguñ Juuf in Serer). Senegalese artist
Tukar
Area of Senegal
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Lehar_region
Part of the Serer ethnic group
volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991 Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, p 9, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Serer-Laalaa
Title given to a male monarch by the Serer people of Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania
308, ISBN 9780253330437 Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer" : "Pangool." Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), p 36, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Maad
List of states headed by the Serer Lamanes
religious significance, see also : Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer, Pangool, Dakar, Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1990) Diop, Cheikh Anta, "Towards
States headed by Serer Lamanes
States_headed_by_Serer_Lamanes
Clans in western Africa
Kangeer, who was an ancient queen and canonized as Pangool, is one of the most respected and venerated Pangool in Diakhao in Sine as well as the more ancient
Serer_maternal_clans
Concept of rebirth in different physical form
and become a man. In A fat Roog (Serer spirituality), only those human Pangool (ancestral spirits) who have reached Jaaniiw (the place where good souls
Reincarnation
Music genre
aesthetic skills, and enhance their spirituality. The veneration of Serer Pangool influenced the songs of the Ndut, including Njuup. Modern Senegambian artists
Njuup
Ethnic group of Senegal
Point of Sangomar Thiouthioune Tukar Yaboyabo Related articles Lamane Pangool Saltigue (priesthood) Serer ancient history Serer creation myth Serer people
Saafi_people
Serer kingdom in present-day Senegal
Dakar. 1993. CNRS - ORS TO M Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sérère - Pangool, Les Nouvelles éditions africaines du Sénégal, 1990, p. 77 ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Saloum
Former kingdom in central Senegal
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Baol
306, ISBN 9780226252544 [1] Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation sereer : "Pangool", Nouvelles Editions africaines du Sénégal (1990), p. 409, ISBN 9782723610551
African_divination
West African ethnic group
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Toucouleur_people
Species of canine native to Africa
ISBN 978-1-317-91261-3. Gravrand, H. (1990). "La Civilisation Sereer – Pangool". Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (in French). Vol. 2. Nouvelles
African_wolf
Serer clan of Senegambia, West Africa
The Joof family figure prominently in Serer religion. Many of the Serer Pangool (saints and ancestral spirits) came from this family. Though associated
Joof_family
"Historical setting". In Handloff. Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), pp 9, 20, 77, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Precolonial_Mauritania
Town and commune in Fatick Region, Senegal
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Diakhao
Title for monarchs of the kingdom of Baol
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Teigne
Traditional religious beliefs of the Dogon people
(retrieved March 3, 2020) [18] Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sereer - "Pangool", vol. 2. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), pp. 194–5
Dogon_religion
Ethnic people from western Senegal
cosmology, making offerings to Serer ancestral spirits and saints (i.e. the Pangool). The Noon refer to the supreme being as Kokh Kox (probably derived from
Serer-Noon
Post-classical Serer kingdom in Senegal
ISBN 2-7236-0877-8. Gravrand, Henri (1990). La Civilisation Sereer – Pangool. Dakar: Nouvelles Editions Africaines. ISBN 2-7236-1055-1. Klein, Martin
Kingdom_of_Sine
Serpent that only appears in myths and legends
(Bunn1967:617)." In Serer cosmogony and religion, the serpent is the symbol of the pangool, the saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people of West Africa. When
Snakes_in_mythology
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Djilas_(Senegal)
Former West African kingdom
Cissoko 1988, pp. 17–18. Gravrand, Henry (1990). "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool". Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal. Vol. 2. p. 10. ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Khasso
14th century Serer king of Sine (c. 1350 - 1370)
assimilation to Serer culture, his adherence to religion with even his own Pangool, Maysa Wali's reign was marred by a small section of Serer society in opposition
Maysa_Wali_Jaxateh_Manneh
Genus of plants
trees (in French) Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer", vol. II : Pangool, Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar, 1990, pp. 125–127, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Faidherbia
Motif in art and culture
Oneida Nation. (in French) Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer – Pangool", vol. 2., Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), pp 125–126
Tree_of_life
Demi-god in the religion of the Serer people
agricultural farming, or venturing into a new contract, etc. Like some Serer Pangool, it is believed that the deity Tiurakh resides in the forest, particularly
Tiurakh
Senegalese percussionist and singer
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Mbaye_Dieye_Faye
Religious explanation
ISBN 0-660-15965-1. pp 5, 27, 115 Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer : Pangool", vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990) pp 20–21
Religious_cosmology
Senegalese film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and author (1923–2007)
Although the Tuur demands offerings of curdled milk to the ancestral spirits (Pangool), Sembène did not take his responsibility as cult servant seriously and
Ousmane_Sembène
Region of Senegal
(Retrieved : 10 July 2012) Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, p 77, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Diourbel_region
Totemic, religious order of the Dogon people of Mali
over sacrifices and rituals. Samay (mythology) Kumpo Niasse Saltigue Xooy Pangool Traditional African religion portal Mali portal Velton, Ross; Geels, Jolijn;
Binou_(Dogon_religion)
Gambian musician
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Jaliba_Kuyateh
River in Senegal
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Saloum_River
Circumcision for religious purposes
Éthiopiques n° 31. Archived url Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer : Pangool", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Sénégal, (1990), pp. 98-100
Religion_and_circumcision
Sand spit located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Saloum Delta
the Point of Sangomar is a place believed to be a gathering place for pangool. The local population continue to visit this island to venerate ancestors
Point_of_Sangomar
Senegalese Muslim leader (1809 – 1867)
p. 73, ISBN 0-85224-029-5 Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation sereer : Pangool." vol 2. Nouvelles Editions africaines du Sénégal (1990), p. 406 ISBN 9782723610551
Maba_Diakhou_Bâ
King of Sine (1810–1871)
Point of Sangomar Thiouthioune Tukar Yaboyabo Related articles Lamane Pangool Saltigue (priesthood) Serer ancient history Serer creation myth Serer people
Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof
Senegalese singer
reviews whose song in the film is associated with the evocation of the Serer Pangool (ancestral spirits and Serer Saints in the Serer religion). President Senghor
Yandé_Codou_Sène
Senegalese historian, author and researcher (born 1928)
[11] (retrieved 8 February 2020) Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation sereer: Pangool, Nouvelles Editions africaines du Sénégal (1990), p. 56, ISBN 9782723610551
Babacar_Sedikh_Diouf
Commune d'arrondissement in Dakar Region, Senegal
Ngor. Diogal Sakho, musician Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", vol. 2. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), pp. 204−5
Ngor,_Dakar
Cangin language spoken in Senegal
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Palor_language
Ethnic group found in west Africa
2307/850821. ISSN 0014-1836. Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, p 77, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Jola_people
Cultural practice in Africa
Éthiopiques n° 31. Archived url Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer : Pangool", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Sénégal, (1990), pp. 98-100
Circumcision_in_Africa
African clan
Serer. The Faye family's involvement in Serer religion is linked to the Pangool (the Serer saints and ancestral spirits). During the reign of Maad a Sinig
Faye_family
Gambian civil war with British involvement
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Soninke-Marabout_War_(Kombo)
367, Public Affaires (2005) Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer – Pangool", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
Timeline_of_Serer_history
Senegalese politician (1928–2007)
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Augustin_Diamacoune_Senghor
Senegalese film director
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Moussa_Sene_Absa
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Latri_Kunda
Historical group in the Sahara
Creation myth Criticism Festivals Xooy Jaaniiw Junjung Lamane Persecution Pangool Religion Sadax Saltigue Symbolism Women Supreme deities Kokh Kox Koox Kopé
Bafour
PANGOOL
PANGOOL
PANGOOL
PANGOOL
Boy/Male
Muslim
Boy/Male
Indian
Distinct, Evident, Plain, Wonderful, Marvelous, Unique
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Praiseworthy / All-laudable (Allah)
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Latin, Russian
Birthday
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, Greek
Abbreviation of Cynthia and Lucinda; The Moon Goddess
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
A place of worship
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Goddess Durga
Female
Scandinavian
Feminine form of Scandinavian Rune, RUNA means "secret lore."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Joyful
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
A Ray of Truth
PANGOOL
PANGOOL
PANGOOL
PANGOOL
PANGOOL