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Historic US military computer and radar network
The Semi-Automated Ground Environment (SAGE) was a system of large computers and associated networking equipment that coordinated data from many radar
Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment
Travel reservation system
IBM was working with the United States Air Force on their Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project. SAGE used a series of large computers to coordinate
Sabre (travel reservation system)
Sabre_(travel_reservation_system)
Cold War-era air defense command and control computer
by the United States Air Force for ground-controlled interception as part of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) network during the Cold War
AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central
AN/FSQ-7_Combat_Direction_Central
American psychologist and computer scientist (1915-1990)
of speech. While at MIT in the 1950s, Licklider worked on Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), a Cold War project to create a computer-aided air
J._C._R._Licklider
the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense network, utilized flight plans matched to radar returns, continuously and automatically, to aid
Aircraft Situation Display to Industry
Aircraft_Situation_Display_to_Industry
Retrieved 2012-07-19. so-called Semi-Automatic Direction Center System, later known as…Semi-Automatic Ground Environment System, in essence, the Lincoln
Ground_Equipment_Facility
Software system development
functions to operation of its units and major commands. The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment and Missile Master systems were used by Army Air Defence Command
Command systems in the United States Army
Command_systems_in_the_United_States_Army
Tower supporting a radar facility
Warning (AC&W), or Long Range Surveillance in support of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE). The tower typically has a continuously rotating parabolic
Radar_tower
AN/FST-2 Coordinate Data Transmitting Set that created the Semi Automatic Ground Environment at the station (antenna movement was also controlled from
Arctic_Tower
1998 book by Thomas P. Hughes
The book documents four massively-cooperative projects: Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), a computer- and radar-based air-defense system The
Rescuing_Prometheus
Radar station in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, US
North American Aerospace Defense Command. The site provided Semi-Automatic Ground Environment data to the 1959-66 Norton AFB Direction Center for the USAF
Ground Equipment Facility J-31
Ground_Equipment_Facility_J-31
Closed USAF surveillance radar site
microwave to the Control Center. During 1961 Ajo AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-21 at Luke AFB, Arizona
Ajo_Air_Force_Station
operating the facility. In 1963 the station was moved to Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) operation; in 1964 it closed, as it was deemed redundant
RCAF_Station_Parent
US continuity of government bunker in Pennsylvania
Burroughs SS-416L Control and Warning Support System with the Semi Automatic Ground Environment had been deployed (Back-Up Interceptor Control began at North
Raven_Rock_Mountain_Complex
United States Air National Guard base
1966, the Air Defense Command 29th Air Division, operated a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar command and control center from the airport.
Duluth Air National Guard Base
Duluth_Air_National_Guard_Base
Canadian military radar station in Ontario
Warning Squadron, later renamed No. 32 Radar Squadron when the Semi Automatic Ground Environment system was implemented in 1961. In 1967, RCAF Station Foymount
CFS_Foymount
American computer scientist (born 1930)
Laboratory and then to MITRE, where she was a leader in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) military project, including the development of the
Judy_Clapp
the unit's radar scopes. During 1960 Oakdale AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-03 at Syracuse
Oakdale_Air_Force_Station
During 1959 the installation became permanent and joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-09 at Gunter AFB, Alabama
Eufaula_Air_Force_Station
(transistorized) AN/FSQ-32 equipment which was to provide the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment for operators at 10 Air Divisions — 5 of the centers were
Super_Combat_Center
American software engineer (born 1936)
her replacement. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab, where she was one of
Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)
Margaret_Hamilton_(software_engineer)
Cold War computer system for US command posts
multiple units' ground-controlled interception (e.g., USAF interceptor squadrons at various locations by Semi-Automatic Ground Environment Direction Centers)
Command, control, and coordination system
Command,_control,_and_coordination_system
FAA/USAF ROCCs beginning in 1980 SAGE radar stations, for the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment network prior to the JSS (the 1st SAGE squadrons were designated
United States general surveillance radar stations
United_States_general_surveillance_radar_stations
Military region in the United States
and a new computer and communications network creating a Semi-Automatic Ground Environment. After 10 Super Combat Center (SCC) in underground bunkers
Denver_Air_Defense_Sector
Closed US Air Force radar station
1959.[clarification needed] During 1961 Boron AFS joined the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-17 at Norton Air Force Base
Boron_Air_Force_Station
Federally funded research and development center in Massachusetts
radar research at MIT, the lab's first project produced the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), the first large-scale computerized command-and-control
MIT_Lincoln_Laboratory
Topics referred to by the same term
a private school in Foxboro, Massachusetts, United States Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, NORAD's radar coordination computers SAGE radar stations
Sage
Topics referred to by the same term
Computer Technology. m68k computer system company in the 1980s Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), a system of mainframe computers and networking equipment
Sage_computer
date of 1 April 1963. Upon its activation, Lompoc AFS joined Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-17 at Norton AFB, California
Lompoc_Air_Force_Station
R (January 1994). Supporting Data (PDF). Investment Strategy for DoD Automatic Test Systems (Report). Vol. 2. pp. B-25, B-33. DTIC ADA278527. (369 pages)
List of military electronics of the United States: A–G
List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States:_A–G
The Experimental Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Sector (ESS, Experimental SAGE Subsector until planned Sectors/Subsectors were renamed NORAD
Experimental_SAGE_Subsector
American computer scientist (1934 – 2011)
Corporation and Mitre Corporation for development of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment and AESOP respectively. Hazle eventually became a supervisor
Marlene_Hazle
System for air defense of North America
atmospheric air defense of North America. It replaced the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system in 1983. Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap
Joint_Surveillance_System
Bi-national military alliance
Continental Air Defense Integration North (CADIN) for the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment air defense network. The initial CADIN cost-sharing agreement
NORAD
Military facility
On 1 April 1959, ADC's 30th Air Division, operating the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, replaced the 37th AD. The 30th was a command
Truax Field Air National Guard Base
Truax_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base
American not-for-profit corporation
Laboratory. MITRE's first employees had been developing the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system and aerospace defense as part of Lincoln Labs
Mitre_Corporation
System for intercepting hostile aircraft
The most advanced GCI system deployed to date was the US's Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system. SAGE used massive computers to combine reports
Ground-controlled interception
Ground-controlled_interception
Computer output device
Corporation short film at Internet Archive, display scope for Semi-Automatic Ground Environment "Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors". Infodingo.com. Archived
Computer_monitor
Sundance Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-201, NORAD ID: Z-201) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 6.3
Sundance_Air_Force_Station
Training complex located in El Paso County, Colorado
The Joint Surveillance System was implemented to replace Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE). In 1986, Congress approved development of the Survivable
Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex
Carolina. (Z-115) During 1959, Roanoke Rapids AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-04 at Fort Lee
Roanoke Rapids Air Force Station
Roanoke_Rapids_Air_Force_Station
the unit's radar scopes. During 1959 Willmar AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-11 at Grand Forks
Willmar_Air_Force_Station
unit's radar scopes. During 1960 Kalispell AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-20 at Malmstrom
Kalispell_Air_Force_Station
US Air Force data center station
(BaADS), which was activated on 8 January 1957. In 1958 a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Data Center (DC-05) was established at Topsham AFS
Topsham_Air_Force_Station
Airborne early warning and control aircraft based on Boeing 707 airframe
designated 4PI, and the software was written in JOVIAL. A Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) or back-up interceptor control (BUIC) operator would
Boeing_E-3_Sentry
Closed US Air Force radar station near Baudette, Minnesota
unit's radar scopes. During 1959 Baudette AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-10 at Duluth IAP, Minnesota
Baudette_Air_Force_Station
United States Air Force computerized command and control system
Several of the centrals were used in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense network for Cold War ground-controlled interception to give "each
AN/FSQ-8 Combat Control Central
AN/FSQ-8_Combat_Control_Central
Military unit
one of the few air defense sectors never upgraded to the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment. The Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector was organized at Oklahoma
Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector
Oklahoma_City_Air_Defense_Sector
US Army fort in Virginia, US
the Fort Lee Air Force Station on post was selected for a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system direction center (DC) site, designated DC-04
Fort_Lee_(military_base)
USAF squadrons using the first automated air defense environment (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) and networked by the SAGE System, a computer network
SAGE_radar_stations
"2AK/18L-H" means the site contained two Nike Ajax magazines (A), located above ground (K), with eight launchers (8L) being converted to Nike Hercules (H). Many
List_of_Nike_missile_sites
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
1950s, a network of computers was built for the U.S. military Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar system using the Bell 101 modem. It was the first
Computer_network
Cold War-era command posts of USAF Air Defense Command
command, control, and coordination system that provided the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), e.g., AN/FSQ-7 or AN/GSA-51 (in 1958, NORAD "forecast
Air_Defense_Direction_Center
United States radar station
installation of an AN/FPS-6A. During 1960 Condon AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-15 at Larson AFB, Washington
Condon_Air_Force_Station
Radar station in California, US 1952–1981
AN/FPS-6 at the site. During 1961 Mount Laguna AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-17 at Norton AFB, California
Mount Laguna Air Force Station
Mount_Laguna_Air_Force_Station
for the FYQ-93 system became apparent in the 1970s when the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system became technologically obsolete and logistically
AN/FYQ-93
Family of 1950s jet fighter aircraft
radar of the F-102. It had a data link to the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, allowing ground controllers to steer the aircraft towards its
McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo
Defunct US airforce radar station
radars of their own.) On 11 June, Fort Lawton AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-12 at McChord AFB. After
Fort_Lawton_Air_Force_Station
Former US Air Force radar station
AN/MPS-8 from Red Bluff. During 1960 Red Bluff AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-13 at Adair AFS, Oregon
Red_Bluff_Air_Force_Station
USAF general surveillance radar station
providing Semi-Automatic Ground Environment radar tracks to Data Center DC-02 at Truax Field, Wisconsin, for the Chicago Air Defense Sector's ground-controlled
Arlington Heights Air Force Station
Arlington_Heights_Air_Force_Station
Process of closing some U.S. military bases
installations, such as the Permanent System radar stations and Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) control centers. By 1959, plans for even larger numbers
Base_Realignment_and_Closure
Former Air National Guard Station in Roslyn, New York, United States
in the greater New York Metropolitan area. Through the use of radar and ground observers, the controllers of the Fighter Control Center would identify
Roslyn Air National Guard Station
Roslyn_Air_National_Guard_Station
USAF General Surveillance Radar station
search radar. During 1959 Crystal Springs AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-09 at Gunter AFB
Crystal Springs Air Force Station
Crystal_Springs_Air_Force_Station
Last Cold War radar installation
United States Air Force. It served in the vast Cold War era Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense system. Of the hundreds of SAGE radars
Saugatuck Gap Filler Radar Annex
Saugatuck_Gap_Filler_Radar_Annex
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
installed during 1959. During 1959 Osceola AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-10 at Duluth AFS
Osceola_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force radar station
this site on 1 February 1953, and initially the station functioned as a Ground-Control Intercept and warning station. As such, the squadron's role was
Duncanville_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
radar was added in 1959. During 1960 Antigo AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-14 at K. I. Sawyer
Antigo_Air_Force_Station
United States radar station
Administration (FAA). During 1960 Mica Peak AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-15 at Larson AFB
Mica_Peak_Air_Force_Station
Former US military installation on Long Island, New York
high-security facility. During 1958, Montauk AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-01 at McGuire AFB, New Jersey
Montauk_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
MIT to be operational. During 1961 Opheim AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-20 at Malmstrom
Opheim_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
replaced the AN/FPS-3. During 1959 Port Austin AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-06 at Custer AFS, Michigan
Port_Austin_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
AN/FPS-6A to become a -6B. During 1961 Madera AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-18 at Beale AFB, California
Madera_Air_Force_Station
US military base at Stewart International Airport, New York
a drilling status or an active duty status far in excess of the typical ground-based reserve or national guard unit. For example, on at least one weekend
Stewart Air National Guard Base
Stewart_Air_National_Guard_Base
US Air Force installation in Alabama
School of Aviation Medicine was also established. In 1957 a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Data Center (DC-09) was established at Gunter AFB.
Gunter_Annex
Former US Air Force radar station
Hebo Air Force Station was a vital part of the Air Force Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) computer supported system for air defense. Available
Mount_Hebo_Air_Force_Station
Closed radar station in Minnesota, US
(AN/FPS-26) was added in 1961. During 1961 Chandler AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-11 at Grand Forks
Chandler_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
1959 at Belleville. During 1962 Belleville AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-07 at Truax Field, Wisconsin
Belleville_Air_Force_Station
Military unit
of the Pinetree Agreement. In 1963 it became part of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system, the North American Air Defence Command's (NORAD's)
21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron
21_Aerospace_Control_and_Warning_Squadron
Closed United States Air Force station
AN/FPS-66. During late January 1961, Hutchinson AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to Site DC-22 at Sioux City AFS
Hutchinson_Air_Force_Station
Former US Air Force base in Grant County, WA, US
Maxwell AFB, Alabama. “Corsicanan Is Commander of Washington Base,” Corsicana Semi-Weekly Light (Corsicana, Texas), 21 November 1961. “Col. Owen Takes Over
Larson_Air_Force_Base
All-weather interceptor aircraft
fire-control system, which could be linked to the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) network for ground control interception (GCI) missions, allowing
Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart
United States historic place
station provided ground-controlled interception radar coverage as part of the Lashup Radar Network and the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment network, as well
Highlands_Air_Force_Station
Former US Air Force radar station
added during 1959. At the end of 1959 Finley AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-20 at Malmstrom
Finley_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
AN/GPS-3 was removed. During 1960, Klamath AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-13 at Adair AFS, Oregon
Klamath_Air_Force_Station
Family of US fighter aircraft
fiction#F-86 Sabre for notable appearances in the media. Semi-Automatic Ground Environment Tactical Air Command Related development CAC Sabre Canadair
North_American_F-86_Sabre
United States Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration installation in North Dakota
Surveillance System McKenzie County, North Dakota Site information Type FAA Ground Equipment Facility Owner FAA Controlled by Federal Aviation Administration
Watford City Air Force Station
Watford_City_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
Nike radars were fully integrated with the Air Force sets. Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) operations began in 1961, initially feeding data to
Omaha_Air_Force_Station
Former United States Air Force radar station
AN/FPS-66. During late January 1961 Olathe AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-22 at Sioux City AFS, Iowa
Olathe_Air_Force_Station
Radar station
News. Jan 27, 1960. the Army said [the bunker] uses SAGE (semi-automatic ground environment)--such as that at Stewart Air Force Base Air Defense Radar
Fort_Heath_radar_station
Military unit
the 4622nd Air Defense Wing pending completion of the new Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Direction Center (DC-02) and Combat Center (CC-04)
Boston_Air_Defense_Sector
Military radar station in North Carolina, United States (1955–1988)
AN/MPS-14 radars. During 1962 Fort Fisher AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-04 at Fort Lee
Fort_Fisher_Air_Force_Station
Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
height-finder radar was added. During 1961 Houma AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-09 at Gunter AFB
Houma_Air_Force_Station
Closed US military installation
and AN/FPS-6 sets. During 1959 Grand Rapids AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-10 at Duluth AFS
Grand Rapids Air Force Station
Grand_Rapids_Air_Force_Station
American nuclear physicist
Laboratory. Valley is widely credited with developing the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense system at Lincoln Lab that required installation
George_E._Valley_Jr.
Radar station in Oregon, US 1952–1980
search radar in 1960. During 1960 North Bend AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-13 at Adair AFS, Oregon
North_Bend_Air_Force_Station
defense command, control, and coordination system, part of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system. It was intended to replace vacuum tube IBM AN/FSQ-7
AN/GSA-51 Radar Course Directing Group
AN/GSA-51_Radar_Course_Directing_Group
Military facility
General Electric AN/FPS-6 Radar. The station became part of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment radar network in 1959, supplying radar tracks to SAGE data
Selfridge_AFB_radar_station
Cold war era military site in Maryland, US
radar network. Site L-14 of the temporary Lashup Radar Network was the ground-controlled interception radar station established at Fort George G. Meade
Fort_Meade_radar_station
for manual detection and intercept operations. In 1958, the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) System came to the PINETREE Line system, were ‘computers’
RCAF_Station_St._Sylvestre
Former US Air Force radar station in Missouri
replaced with an AN/FPS-7. During 1959 Kirksville AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-07 at Truax Field
Kirksville_Air_Force_Station
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