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Movement of solid particles, typically by gravity and fluid entrainment
Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of
Sediment_transport
Particulate solid matter deposited on a planetary surface
In Earth and planetary sciences, sediment is a solid material made of loose particles that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs
Sediment
Turbulent layer of water that washes ashore after a wave breaks
to result in net onshore sediment transport. If the beachface is steeper than the equilibrium gradient, the sediment transport is dominated by the backwash
Swash
Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
and can transport heavier clastic material. Besides transport by water, sediment can be transported by wind or glaciers. Sediment transported by wind
Sedimentary_rock
Software for simulating water flow within rivers
include quasi-unsteady and unsteady flow, two dimensional modeling, sediment transport and water quality modeling, and distributed hydrologic modeling (Rain-on-Grid
HEC-RAS
Sediment processes associated with rivers and streams
fluvial sediment processes or fluvial sediment transport are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by sediments. It can
Fluvial_sediment_processes
Movement of sediment along coastal environments
Coastal sediment transport (a subset of sediment transport) is the interaction of coastal land forms to various complex interactions of physical processes
Coastal_sediment_transport
Sediments derived from the erosion of rocks on land
rocks may result in terrigenous sediment. Creation, transport, deposition and lithification of terrigenous sediment into sedimentary rocks make up an
Terrigenous_sediment
Fine-grained sediment that accumulates on the floor of the open ocean
Pelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far
Pelagic_sediment
Accumulated material on seafloor
taking thousands of years for any significant deposits to form. Sediment transported from the land accumulates the fastest, on the order of one metre
Marine_sediment
Sediment moved by the longshore current
importance to sediment transport. This then led to the development in the concept of "longshore currents," which in turn transport sediment along the coast
Longshore_drift
Dune ridge that runs parallel to the shore of a body of water
river systems. As a result, sediment from tributaries and headwaters are deposited at the mouth of the river. Long shore transport is a linear current off
Foredune
Tendency for particles in suspension to settle down
sedimentary rock, from initial erosion through sediment transport and settling to the lithification of the sediments. However, the strict geological definition
Sedimentation
Fluid dynamics process driving mixing in the oceans
circulation. On smaller scales, breaking-induced mixing is important for sediment transport and for nutrient supply to the photic zone. Most breaking of oceanic
Internal_wave_breaking
Swiss-American engineer and educator
1947 until 1971. Einstein was widely recognized for his research on sediment transport. To honor his outstanding achievement in hydraulic engineering, the
Hans_Albert_Einstein
Major river in southern Africa
28,000 tonnes of suspended sediment and a similar amount of bedload to the terminal swamps. Most of the particulate sediment carried by the river is fine
Okavango_River
Natural addition of materials to a landmass
geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface
Deposition_(geology)
Sedimentary rocks made of mineral or rock fragments
to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport, whether in suspension or as bed load, and in sediment deposits. Clastic sedimentary rocks are
Clastic_rock
River in Ethiopia
million tonnes of suspended sediment to Lake Tana. List of Ethiopian rivers Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel
Gilgel_Abay
Component in the load of a river system
load and wash load. The bed material load is the portion of the sediment that is transported by a stream that contains material derived from the bed. Bed
Bed_material_load
Oceanic bight in Canterbury, New Zealand
six potential sediment sources for beach environments. These are longshore transport, onshore transport, wind transport, river transport (and alluvial
Canterbury_Bight
Geological feature resulting from the movement of bed material by fluid flow
rates of sediment transport. "Upper plane bed" features are flat and characterized by a unidirectional flow with high rates of sediment transport as both
Bedform
Feature of surface gravity waves
skewness and asymmetry of surface gravity waves are the main drivers for sediment transport. Sinusoidal waves (or linear waves) are waves having equal height
Wave_nonlinearity
Physiographic and geologic region of North America
reduced the annual transport rate to between 100 and 150 million tons of sediment per year. The artificial structures trap suspended sediment from traveling
Interior_Plains
Submarine canyon near New Zealand
southwest Pacific Basin. It is thought to be the sink for the coastal sediment transport system that carries large amounts of erosional debris northwards up
Kaikōura_Canyon
North-flowing current in the northwest Pacific Ocean
biological processes of the North Pacific Ocean, including nutrient and sediment transport, major Pacific storm tracks and regional climate, and Pacific mode
Kuroshio_Current
Indentation of a shoreline
Alongshore sediment transport can cause inlets to close if the action of tidal currents flowing through an inlet do not flush accumulated sediment out of
Inlet
Scientific study of landforms
the landscape. Fluvial geomorphologists focus on rivers, how they transport sediment, migrate across the landscape, cut into bedrock, respond to environmental
Geomorphology
Portion of sediment uplifted by a fluid's flow
three layers of the fluvial sediment transportation system. The bed load consists of the larger sediment which is transported by saltation, rolling, and
Suspended_load
Submarine canyon in the North Atlantic Ocean
The project is investigating the specialized canyon ecosystems, sediment transport and deposition, and the way in which the canyon influences and is
Nazaré_Canyon
Water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material
preferred for its lack of ambiguity. The origin of the increased sediment transport into an area may be erosion on land or activities in the water. In
Siltation
Landforms produced by action of the wind
air. These means of sediment transport can be classified as creep, saltation, and suspension, respectively. Once sediment transport begins, it continues
Aeolian_landform
clasts interact with the substratum during transport. By contrast, saltation, a related sediment transport process, moves grains across the bottom by
Traction_(geology)
Sedimentary rock strata at differing angles
indicates paleocurrent, the rough direction of sediment transport. The type and condition of sediments can tell geologists the type of environment (rounding
Cross-bedding
Method for determining sediment motion in rivers
hydrologists and geologists to determine whether a river will erode, transport, or deposit sediment. It was originally published in his doctoral thesis "Studies
Hjulström_curve
River in Ethiopia
material is 14 mm (gravel). The river transports 53,480 tonnes of bedload and 327,230 tonnes of suspended sediment annually to Lake Chamo. Cytotaxonomic
Kulfo_River
Chinese politician
stated that the Xiaolangdi reservoir's sediment would be managed using natural methods. A proposed sediment transport device would require low investment
Li_Guoying
Major river in northeast Africa
built. Annual sediment transport measured at several locations are listed below. The bedload percentages are the ratio of bedload sediment to total (bedload
Nile
Geologic structures formed during sediment deposition
structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition. Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized
Sedimentary_structures
Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
velocity, which diminishes the ability of the flow to transport sediment. As a result, sediment drops out of the flow and is deposited as alluvium, which
River_delta
Topics referred to by the same term
(psychology), which concerns psychological immersion in narrative content. Sediment transport, the movement of weathered rocks from one place to another. Transportation
Transportation (disambiguation)
Transportation_(disambiguation)
Sediment transport mechanism
A sediment gravity flow is one of several types of sediment transport mechanisms, of which most geologists recognize four principal processes. These flows
Sediment_gravity_flow
Hemipelagic sediment, or hemipelagite, is a type of marine sediment that consists of clay and silt-sized grains that are terrigenous and some biogenic
Hemipelagic_sediment
the river channel that changed how sediment is stored and redistributed downstream. Since natural sediment transport processes were disrupted, controlled
Risks_to_the_Glen_Canyon_Dam
valuable measurement for hydrologists and geomorphologists tackling sediment transport issues as well as for civil engineers, who use it in the planning
Stream_power
Concept in hydrology
mobilize the sediment on the bed of the channel helps us predict whether or not sediment transport is likely to occur, and to some degree, the sediment size likely
Stream_competency
Slow, downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope
ridges in the landscape. Creep (deformation) Colluvium Mass wasting Sediment transport Solifluction Clark, Christine Anne. "The important role of soil texture
Downhill_creep
Change in shape and direction of river channels over time
the availability of sediment; the size and composition of the sediment moving through the channel; the rate of sediment transport through the channel
River_morphology
Sedimentary process of rivers
the wash loads source of sediment is defined as "sediment in transport that is derived from sources other than the bed." Sediment motion is one way of classifying
Wash_load
Natural processes removing soil and rock
material is removed from an area by dissolution. Eroded sediment or solutes may be transported just a few millimetres, or for thousands of kilometres.
Erosion
Bottom of the ocean
physics of sediment transport and by the biology of the creatures living in the seabed and in the ocean waters above. Physically, seabed sediments often come
Seabed
Type of mathematical model
Saint-Venant equations of continuity and momentum Overland Flow Sediment Transport: 2D total sediment load conservation equation Unsaturated Flow: Richards equation
Hydrological_transport_model
conjunction with erosion controls and other sediment control practices. Erosion control Sediment transport Silt fence Florida Department of Environmental
Sediment_basin
Interaction of shoreline seafloor topography and fluid hydrodynamic processes
landforms and physical processes, such as waves, tides, currents, wind, sediment transport, and severe weather events. Shoreline evolution occurs over short-
Coastal_morphodynamics
Distribution of grain size of sediments
wind patterns at the sediment source can affect grain size, rate of transport and distribution of sediment. Windblown sediment travels one of three ways--rolling
Sorting_(sediment)
American hydrologist and engineer (1907–1974)
supervised by Theodore von Kármán and Robert T. Knapp, explored sediment transport and open-channel high-velocity flows and represented the first American
Arthur_T._Ippen
to the bed sediment or other factors are smaller or larger than this sublayer has an important bearing in hydraulics and sediment transport. Flow is defined
Laminar_sublayer
Outwash fan – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier Outwash plain – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater Rift valley –
Glossary_of_landforms
Form of shear stress
velocity profile near the boundary of a flow (see Law of the wall) Transport of sediment in a channel Shear velocity also helps in thinking about the rate
Shear_velocity
Aspect of geology
to excavate the canyon. Dams in particular have upset patterns of sediment transport and deposition. Controlled floods from Glen Canyon Dam upstream have
Geology of the Grand Canyon area
Geology_of_the_Grand_Canyon_area
River bar in middle of river mouth
the sediment transported by the river channel at the river mouth. River mouth bars form because the cross-sectional area of the expanding sediment-laden
Mouth_bar
Family of physicist Albert Einstein
University of California, Berkeley, widely recognized for his research on sediment transport. Hans Albert had four children, three biological sons and one adopted
Einstein_family
Water runoff from a smaller place to a larger one
sediment transport. When a narrow stream travels down a mountain pass into a basin, an alluvial fan will form from the mass deposit of the sediment.
Debouch
Boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column
In oceanography and limnology, the sediment–water interface is the boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column. The term usually refers
Sediment–water_interface
Total amount of sediment a stream can transport
The capacity of a stream or river is the total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport. This measurement usually corresponds to the stream power
Stream_capacity
Hydrodynamic distortions of tides
oceanography. The nonlinearity of tides has important implications for the transport of sediment. From a mathematical perspective, the nonlinearity of tides originates
Nonlinear_tides
(PDF). The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25
List_of_rivers_by_discharge
Hydrological feature
2009. Achite, Mohamed; Ouillon, Sylvain (September 2007). "Suspended sediment transport in a semiarid watershed, Wadi Abd, Algeria (1973–1995)". Journal of
Wadi
Indian hydraulician and educator
the sediment dynamics phenomena from the viewpoint of core fluid mechanics. S. Dey (2024). Fluvial Hydrodynamics: Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Phenomena
Subhasish_Dey
Transport of various materials by drifting ice
(IRD) or ice rafted deposits. Ice rafting was a primary mechanism of sediment transport during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene when sea levels were very
Ice_rafting
Two-dimensional model
It simulates surface water and groundwater hydrology, erosion and sediment transport. The GSSHA model is used for hydraulic engineering and research, and
GSSHA
Open source software for computational fluid dynamics
break Regulation of managed rivers Flow in torrents, Canals wetting Sediment Transport Water quality (temperature, passive tracers ...) ARTEMIS is a scientific
TELEMAC
Non-dimensional number in fluid dynamics
of suspended sediment and which also determines how sediment will be transported in a flowing fluid. It is a ratio between the sediment fall velocity
Rouse_number
Swedish geographer
suspended sediment content. His students followed in the same vein, making quantitative studies of mass transport (Anders Rapp), fluvial transport (Åke Sundborg)
Filip_Hjulström
Type of sedimentary rock
transported by rivers or by the wind from its source areas to depositional environments where tectonics has created accommodation space for sediments
Sandstone
Geomorphological process
meandering streams. In braided streams, channel change is driven by sediment transport. It has been proposed that lateral migration is a particularly dominant
River_channel_migration
River in Belgium and Luxembourg
regional geology, resulting in seasonal variations in water flow and sediment transport. Since 2001, Belgium and Luxembourg have jointly managed the river
Attert_(river)
American applied mathematician
Advances 7 (17), eabe0631 (2021) Grain shape effects in bed load sediment transport. E Deal, JG Venditti, SJ Benavides, R Bradley, Q Zhang, K Kamrin,
Ken_Kamrin
River in Italy
heighten and strengthen levees, increase flood-meadows, resume natural sediment transport and deposition points, enlarge wetlands, afforest, re-nature, promote
Po_(river)
Work to improve the environmental health of a river or stream
restoration of hydrological and geomorphological processes (such as sediment transport or connectivity between the channel and the floodplain) to ensure
Stream_restoration
Artificial islands in Dubai, UAE
alongshore sediment transport, and wave patterns.[unreliable source?] The origin of most of the environmental damage stems from disturbed sediment from the
Palm_Islands
One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream
produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank (cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is
Meander
Pantoja; Martinez, Jean-Michel; Harmel, Tristan (2022-01-13). "Suspended sediment transport estimation in Negro River (Amazon Basin) using MSI/Sentinel-2 data"
List of river systems by length
List_of_river_systems_by_length
End of a river where it flows into a larger body of water
advective transports, inflowing water will also diffuse. At the mouth of a river, the change in flow conditions can cause the river to drop any sediment it is
River_mouth
Reworking of soils and sediments by organisms
on sediment transport and are as follows: Gallery-diffusers create complex tube networks within the upper sediment layers and transport sediment through
Bioturbation
Branch of civil engineering
interest. In case of studies of sediment transport and morphological changes, relevant properties of the sea bed sediments, water and ecosystem properties
Coastal_engineering
English academic
bed rivers" United Kingdom - 1985 Gravel Bed Rivers Workshop 2: "Sediment Transport in gravel bed rivers" Colorado State, US - 1990 Gravel Bed Rivers
Colin_Thorne
Dutch civil engineer
morphology, sediment transport, and the modelling of coastal dynamics. Bijker is particularly known for formulating a sediment transport model which quantifies
Eco_Bijker
The Sadler effect describes variation in apparent sediment accumulation rates and bed thicknesses back through time inherent to the geological sedimentary
Sadler_effect
within a coastal system. Sediment sources can include river transport, sea cliff erosion and longshore drift into an area. Sediment sinks can include longshore
Sedimentary_budget
Law of sediment aggradation
describes conservation of mass between sediment in the bed of a channel and sediment that is being transported. It states that bed elevation increases
Exner_equation
Mostly eroded island of Hawaii
observations in subsequent years revealed partial recovery. By 2024, natural sediment transport had restored roughly 60 percent of East Island's former land area
East_Island_(Hawaii)
Depressions in a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by wind
direction, wind erosion may be capable of removing and transporting large amounts of sediment particles, which could create blowouts. Thus, although the
Blowout_(geomorphology)
British Army officer (1896–1990)
1979. Sediment transport by wind and water. Nordic Hydrology 10(5):309–322. Bagnold, R.A. 1980. An empirical correlation of bedload transport rates in
Ralph_Bagnold
Clast of rock
Distributions in Wadable Gravel- and Cobble-Bed Streams for Analyses in Sediment Transport, Hydraulics, and Streambed Monitoring (PDF). Rocky Mountain Research
Cobble_(geology)
Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift
angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water
Spit_(landform)
Russian name for the sandbar which forms an estuary lagoon
of a deltaic system. A peresyp or mouth bar is a deposit of the sediment transported by the river—i.e., a shoal or sandbar—at the river mouth, typically
Peresyp
Bay in Madagascar
common, while coffee plantations abound in the surrounding terrain. Sediment transport and suspension in Bombetoka Bay has significantly changed during the
Bombetoka_Bay
Species of flowering plant
effectively stabilises slopes, reduces surface runoff, and controls sediment transport, particularly in areas prone to erosion from rainstorms. The fruit
Sea_buckthorn
Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier
fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams
Outwash_fan
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