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A secondary atmosphere is a planetary atmosphere that did not form directly via accretion during the formation of the planetary system. It is characteristic
Secondary_atmosphere
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
outgassing of volatiles, creating the secondary atmosphere. The original composition and thickness of the atmosphere is thus determined by the stellar nebula's
Atmosphere
Atmosphere of a protoplanet
primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost
Primary_atmosphere
Period in Earth's history
Earth's atmosphere from a hydrogen/helium-predominant primary atmosphere collected from the protoplanetary disk to a reductant secondary atmosphere rich
Early_Earth
Gas layer surrounding Earth
The atmosphere of Earth consists of a layer of mixed gas (commonly referred to as air) that is retained by gravity, surrounding the Earth's surface. It
Atmosphere_of_Earth
irreversible transition of the Earth's atmosphere from a previously reducing secondary atmosphere to an oxidizing tertiary atmosphere, a paleogeological event known
Geological_history_of_oxygen
Ancient atmosphere, particularly of Earth, in the geological past
nebula; the Archean second atmosphere or secondary atmosphere (also known as the prebiotic atmosphere), which is a reducing atmosphere that became nitrogen-abundant
Paleoatmosphere
Knutson, Heather A.; Miguel, Yamila; Dragomir, Diana (8 May 2024). "A secondary atmosphere on the rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e". Nature. 630 (8017): 609–612
List of terrestrial exoplanet candidates for atmosphere detection
List_of_terrestrial_exoplanet_candidates_for_atmosphere_detection
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
activity. The Earth's atmosphere was also vastly different in composition from today's: the prebiotic atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere rich in methane and
Archean
Super-Earth orbiting LHS 1140
detection could be verified, it would be the first evidence of a secondary atmosphere around a potentially habitable exoplanet. In July 2026, a team of
LHS_1140_b
Espinoza, Néstor; et al. (10 September 2025). "JWST-TST DREAMS: Secondary Atmosphere Constraints for the Habitable Zone Planet TRAPPIST-1 e". The Astrophysical
List of potentially habitable exoplanets
List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets
Red dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius
on the TRAPPIST-1 planets can destroy all planetary atmospheres and rebuild secondary atmospheres on planets f, g, and h". Monthly Notices of the Royal
TRAPPIST-1
Super-Earth-type exoplanet
mixed secondary atmosphere made up of carbon monoxide (CO), CO2 and SO2. A pure methane-dominated atmosphere appears to be unlikely and atmospheres composed
TOI-1685_b
Earth-size exoplanet orbiting TRAPPIST-1
cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, meaning that if the planet has an atmosphere it is more likely to have a compact atmosphere like the terrestrial planets
TRAPPIST-1e
Super-Earth orbiting HD 219134
primordial hydrogen atmosphere (0.28 R🜨). This would indicate a secondary atmosphere produced by processes like volcanic activity and evaporation of volatile
HD_219134_b
Hot Super-Earth orbiting 55 Cancri A
Knutson, Heather A.; Miguel, Yamila; Dragomir, Diana (8 May 2024). "A secondary atmosphere on the rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e". Nature. 630 (8017): 609–612
55_Cancri_Ae
Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting Kepler-186
accreted hydrogen envelope but large enough to retain an outgassed secondary atmosphere such as Earth's. Along with five other exoplanets, Kepler-186f was
Kepler-186f
Area of astronomical research
extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research, both as an aspect of astronomy and to gain insight into Earth's atmosphere. In addition to
Extraterrestrial_atmosphere
Hot sub-Neptune orbiting TOI-5734
out a scenario in which the planet could be an ocean world with a secondary atmosphere rich in volatiles, such as water vapor. The planet's high density
TOI-5734_b
Composition by György Ligeti
Atmosphères is a piece for orchestra, composed by György Ligeti in 1961. It is noted for eschewing conventional melody and metre in favor of dense sound
Atmosphères
solid crust and liquid water. This is the latest possible date for a secondary atmosphere to form that is produced by the Earth's crust outgassing, which is
Timeline_of_Earth
Red dwarf star in the constellation Volans
(2024-11-01). "Atmospheric Retrievals Suggest the Presence of a Secondary Atmosphere and Possible Sulfur Species on L98-59 d from JWST Nirspec G395H Transmission
L_98-59
Super-Earth orbiting HD 219134
primordial hydrogen atmosphere (0.19 R🜨). This would indicate a secondary atmosphere produced by processes like volcanic activity and evaporation of volatile
HD_219134_c
Study of physical conditions and processes within the ocean
the source of the vast majority of water vapor that condenses in the atmosphere and falls as rain or snow on the continents. The tremendous heat capacity
Physical_oceanography
Planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals
secondary atmospheres, generated by volcanic out-gassing or from comet impact debris. This contrasts with the outer, giant planets, whose atmospheres
Terrestrial_planet
High-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
galaxies, and from the Sun. Upon impact with Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays produce showers of secondary particles, some of which reach the surface, although
Cosmic_ray
Second-largest moon of Saturn
cause chemical-level changes on the surface, including radiolysis (see § Atmosphere). Particles from Saturn's E-ring are also flung onto the moon's leading
Rhea_(moon)
Natural satellite orbiting Saturn
during the February 17, 2005, encounter provided evidence for a planetary atmosphere. The magnetometer observed a deflection or "draping" of the magnetic field
Enceladus
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Cretaceous, the Deccan Traps and other volcanic eruptions were poisoning the atmosphere. As this continued, it is thought that a large meteor smashed into Earth
Mesozoic
Red dwarf star in the constellation Hydra
2025 found no clear evidence for atmospheric molecules, although a secondary atmosphere is considered likely to exist. Similarly, another 2025 analysis of
Gliese_357
International field experiment
The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS) is an international field experiment started in 2006 designed by World Climate Research Programme's
VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study
VAMOS_Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land_Study
Small rocky exoplanet orbiting TRAPPIST-1
Caroline; et al. (11 August 2025). "Strict limits on potential secondary atmospheres on the temperate rocky exo-Earth TRAPPIST-1 d". The Astrophysical
TRAPPIST-1d
Atmospheric phenomenon causing planetary cooling
stratosphere. The presence of an organic tholin haze in Earth's Archean secondary atmosphere was first suggested in 1983 and could have been responsible for an
Anti-greenhouse_effect
Second-largest moon of Jupiter
Jupiter's main radiation belt. Callisto is surrounded by an extremely thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide and probably molecular oxygen, as well as by
Callisto_(moon)
Atmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
light display in Earth's upper atmosphere caused by charged particles from the Sun colliding with atoms in the atmosphere. These collisions excite oxygen
Aurora
Similarities and differences between planets
retain primary atmospheres, taken largely from the presolar nebula, as opposed to the later outgassing and reactions of secondary atmospheres. Differences
Comparative_planetary_science
Super-Earth exoplanet
activity. At this time, the existence of an atmosphere on the planet remained unproven. JWST measurements of secondary eclipse reveals a substantially low white
HD_3167_b
divisions, the Secondary and Higher Education Division and the Technical and Madrasah Education Division. "Govt will create right atmosphere for research"
Secondary and Higher Education Division
Secondary_and_Higher_Education_Division
Device to couple energy between circuits
encircled by the secondary winding. This varying flux at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force or voltage in the secondary winding. This
Transformer
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
sulfur monoxide in the lowest portion of the atmosphere, but the atmosphere pressure of Io's nightside atmosphere is two to four orders of magnitude less than
Io_(moon)
Water transport tissue in vascular plants
bundles, present in non-woody plants and non-woody parts of woody plants in secondary xylem, laid down by a meristem called the vascular cambium in woody plants
Xylem
Senior secondary school in Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
Girls' Senior High School (abbreviated as APGSHS) is a Catholic senior secondary school for girls, located in Takoradi in the Western Region of Ghana.
Archbishop Porter Girls' Senior High School
Archbishop_Porter_Girls'_Senior_High_School
Canadian Catholic secondary school
Catholic Secondary School, known locally as St. Mike's, is a Catholic secondary school located in Stratford, Ontario. The school is one of two secondary schools
St. Michael Catholic Secondary School
St._Michael_Catholic_Secondary_School
Constituent gas of the troposphere
ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration of 20–30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv)
Ground-level_ozone
Space scientist (1929–2021)
the nature of the solar nebula and the formation of the present (secondary) atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. Hoffman was a member of the team who
John_H._Hoffman
Type of cyclone occurring in the northern Atlantic coast of North America
often causes low-pressure areas to develop and intensify. In the upper atmosphere, the strong winds of the jet stream remove and replace rising air from
Nor'easter
Terrestrial planet orbiting the star Proxima Centauri
habitable zone of its parent star; but it is not known whether it has an atmosphere, which would impact the habitability probabilities. Proxima Centauri is
Proxima_Centauri_b
observed. advection The horizontal transport of some property of the atmosphere or ocean, such as thermal energy, humidity, or salinity. In the context
Glossary_of_meteorology
is within an atmosphere, such as on Earth, Venus, or Titan, then it is more difficult to retain high enough velocity to create secondary impacts. Likewise
Secondary_crater
Romanian folk music tradition
taqsim (Romanian: taxîm) – which establishes the modal basis and emotional atmosphere of the narrative. The vocal part then alternates with extended instrumental
Lăutărească_music
Biogeochemical cycle
mercury). Mercury emissions to the atmosphere can be primary sources, which release mercury from the lithosphere, or secondary sources, which exchange mercury
Mercury_cycle
Emirati royal and politician (born 1949)
announced it would be launching a spacecraft to Mars to study the planet’s atmosphere; He stated that the planet was chosen for its "epic challenge", saying
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum
90 °F) in recent decades, which caused a 3–5% increase in moisture in the atmosphere. This had the effect of allowing Harvey to strengthen more than expected
Effects of Hurricane Harvey in Texas
Effects_of_Hurricane_Harvey_in_Texas
2024 video game
features a supernatural entity, the ocean was described as the game's secondary enemy, and the team felt that the setting would evoke a variety of fears
Still_Wakes_the_Deep
Australian physiologist, biochemist, gerontologist, and animal nutritionist
on-going biopiracy of natural products, and in the early 20th-century atmosphere of cultural change — not only in the proliferation of vocational universities
Thorburn_Brailsford_Robertson
Planet with helium-dominated atmosphere
planet with a helium-dominated atmosphere. This contrasts with ordinary gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn, whose atmospheres consist primarily of hydrogen
Helium_planet
German-Jewish concert promoter (born 1946)
Lieberberg wanted to bring to the German region of the Palatinate (Pfalz) the atmosphere that reigned in the American town of Bethel during the first Woodstock
Marek_Lieberberg
Biblical time period before the flood in the book of Genesis
The secondary rocks, often containing copious fossils, though human remains had not been found, were thought to have been laid down in the secondary Pre-Adamitic
Antediluvian
Upcoming video game
carry two primary weapons and two secondary weapons. Blades are his primary weapons. Phantom edges are his secondary weapons. They comprise a range of
Phantom_Blade_Zero
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
released from wildfires can add to carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and thus contribute to the greenhouse effect. This creates a climate change
Wildfire
Canadian visual effects company
Atmosphere Visual Effects is a Canadian visual effects company. It was founded in Vancouver in 2003 by Andrew Karr, Tom Archer, and Jeremy Hoey, ex-employees
Atmosphere_Visual_Effects
Vehicle emissions control strategy
Secondary air injection (commonly known as air injection) is a vehicle emissions control strategy introduced in 1966, wherein fresh air is injected into
Secondary_air_injection
Water-covered planet with a hydrogen-rich atmosphere
hypothetical type of planet with liquid water oceans underneath a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. They are thought to offer conditions favorable to life. The term hycean
Hycean_planet
2025 crime drama TV series
directing, writing and cinematography, with special attention paid to its atmosphere and performances. Adolescence was the first streaming series to place
Adolescence_(TV_series)
2026 video game
27, 2026, to critical acclaim. Critics praised the dark tone, story, atmosphere, and balance between survival horror and action. Requiem sold five million
Resident_Evil_Requiem
Old G-type star with one exoplanet
potassium absorption but also a tentative detection of lithium in the planets atmosphere. However, a follow-up study of the planet at high resolution in the optical
WASP-127
Technique for marking animals
thick after two days of use. Gasoline does not absorb water from the atmosphere and is sometimes used if ethanol is not available. Ethanol is the most
Freeze_brand
In 1912, Victor Franz Hess (1883-1964) discovered (secondary) cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere using balloon flights. For this discovery he received
History of radiation protection
History_of_radiation_protection
American supernatural horror television series
deepens the myth of Pennywise through sharp social commentary, a dreadful atmosphere, and committed performances." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average
It_–_Welcome_to_Derry
2017 video game
archetypes and were given Japanese names to emphasize a pseudo-Japanese atmosphere characteristic of Western-produced visual novels. The sole exception to
Doki_Doki_Literature_Club!
Reusable spacecraft under development by SpaceX
to land in a variety of atmospheric densities (vacuum, thin, or heavy atmosphere) with a wide range of payloads. The BFS design originally had six Raptor
SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)
State of matter
screening of ions at the plasma-gas interface could give rise to a strong secondary mode of heating (known as viscous heating) leading to different kinetics
Plasma_(physics)
Cascade of atmospheric subatomic particles
high energies and interact with nuclei high up in the atmosphere, initiating a cascade of secondary interactions that produce extensive showers of subatomic
Air_shower_(physics)
Exoplanet in the constellation Virgo
hydrogen/helium-dominated atmosphere or a 100% water vapor atmosphere; a secondary planetary atmosphere with a higher molecular weight remained a possibility. Observations
Gliese_486_b
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) are fine particulates found in the Earth's atmosphere that can impact human health and air quality. SOAs are formed
Secondary_organic_aerosol
All boys school in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
salubrious atmosphere at Mogappair, Chennai. This school is exclusive for Boys and currently hosts around 2750 Boys on its rolls. The Senior Secondary School
D.A.V. (Boys) Senior Secondary School, Mogappair
D.A.V._(Boys)_Senior_Secondary_School,_Mogappair
Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) FluxNet Project (FluxNet) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) Prediction and Research
IWXXM
Adaptations of marine vertebrates to diving
means that they are subjected to hydrostatic pressures of more than 200 atmospheres, but hydrostatic pressure is not a major problem, as at depths below
Physiology of underwater diving
Physiology_of_underwater_diving
One of Earth's four temperate seasons
song "Les Feuilles mortes" (lit. 'Dead Leaves'), uses the melancholic atmosphere of the season and the end of summer as a metaphor for the mood of being
Autumn
War actions of the German military officer
(in Maurice Remy's phrase) "boundless optimism": "I still believe the atmosphere will not become more bellicose." Butler remarks that Rommel was centre
Erwin Rommel in the Second World War
Erwin_Rommel_in_the_Second_World_War
U.S. Department of Energy reservation in South Carolina
impurities and helium-3, considered a waste product and vented to the atmosphere. Heavy water is a form of water that contains two atoms of the hydrogen
Savannah_River_Plant
Forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest
of secondary forests is anticipated to be released into the atmosphere. In other places, forest restoration – namely the development of secondary forests
Secondary_forest
manga artist Akira Amano in order to make them balance with the dark atmosphere by having them "palatable and very relate-able." The staff also avoided
List of Psycho-Pass characters
List_of_Psycho-Pass_characters
Carbon-oxygen gas
groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater. It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 428 parts per million (ppm), or about 0.043% (as of July 2025) having
Carbon_dioxide
toilets often overflowed during powerful rains, making an unbreathable atmosphere prevail in the camps. Moreover, the clay-like soil turned to muck from
World War I prisoners of war in Germany
World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany
History of the Vittoriano, an Italian national monument
accomplished the resurrection of Italy. [...] — Giovanni Giolitti The atmosphere during the opening ceremony of the Vittoriano was marked by an intense
History_of_the_Vittoriano
recorded and extensive documentation was required contributing to a judicial atmosphere and exacerbating tensions between tenants, housing providers, the rent
Rent control in Boston, Massachusetts
Rent_control_in_Boston,_Massachusetts
Caldera in Alaska
St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 112 (D8) 2006JD007497. Bibcode:2007JGRD..112.8102Y. doi:10.1029/2006JD007497
Mount_Aniakchak
Form of nature therapy that originated in Japan
Ages, terpenoids present in the forest atmosphere, especially conifers, in the form of oleoresins (these secondary metabolites found in camphor and turpentine
Shinrin-yoku
Airline in Canada
Norwegian Pegasus Airlines SKY Express Viva Aerobus Volaris Volotea Vueling Atmosphere was the semi-annual inflight magazine of Air Transat. It was first published
Air_Transat
Mansion in Canada
1993). "Saving the summer for winter ; Conservatories allowed southern atmosphere in snow". The Montreal Gazette (Newspaper). Montreal QC, Canada. Ludington
Ravenscrag,_Montreal
Sociolinguistic phenomenon
when addressing strange youths of both genders. On premises where the atmosphere requires extreme formality like the Senate or different courts, the protocolar
T–V distinction in the world's languages
T–V_distinction_in_the_world's_languages
Convicted murderer executed in Singapore
and sister, as well as the non-Muslim relatives of their family. The atmosphere of the funeral was reportedly filled with heartbreak from Kho's relatives
Kho_Jabing
British archaeologist and diplomat (1833–1915)
The Aerial World: A Popular Account of the Life and Phenomena of the Atmosphere. New York: D. Appleton. OCLC 2208210 – via Internet Archive. Hertslet
Alfred_Biliotti
2001 terror attacks in the U.S.
February 3, 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2014. "Post-9/11, US policies created atmosphere of fear for South Asians". The Indian Express. August 25, 2011. Archived
September_11_attacks
Musical cue for an arriving or departing train
Hakodate and incorporated a melody played on synthesizer to evoke an exotic atmosphere. During the first year, it even ended with the horn of the Seikan Train
Train_melody
German prosthetics company
besondere Stimmung"" [Ottobock at the Paralympics in Tokyo: "A special atmosphere"]. www.goettinger-tageblatt.de (in German). 19 August 2024. Retrieved
Ottobock
American professional soccer club based in Philadelphia metropolitan area
selection of food and beverage options, all aimed at improving the overall atmosphere for fans. In addition to Subaru Park, the Union also plays select games
Philadelphia_Union
1904–1905 French political scandal
inquire about reactionary officials; he accused the right of maintaining an atmosphere of civil war in the country. Interrupted several times, he finally exploded:
Affair_of_the_Cards
above alien worlds, space battles, and dropships travelling through the atmosphere. Jim Martin and SPI art director Michael Scheffe were mainly responsible
Special effects of Starship Troopers
Special_effects_of_Starship_Troopers
travel, tourism, insurance
SECONDARY ATMOSPHERE
SECONDARY ATMOSPHERE
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Richard.A Ricard is documented in Montreal in 1665, with the secondary surname Saint-Germain.
Surname or Lastname
Southern French
Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived by an
oak tree or oak grove, from Occitan garric (masculine) ‘kermes
oak’ or garrique (feminine) ‘grove of kermes oaks’.English (Norfolk) : variant of Geary 2.A bearer with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a reduced pet form of the personal name
Nicolas (see Nicholas).English : variant spelling of
Collin.A Colin from Brittany, France, is documented in St. Ours, Quebec,
in 1669, with the secondary surname LaLiberté, which is
often translated Liberty; Colin is often Americanized as
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a ford marked by a stump, from Middle English stocke ‘treestump’ + ford ‘ford’.English : habitational name from some minor place, as for example Stokeford in Dorset (earlier Stockford) ‘ford near to East Stoke’ (so named from Old English stoc ‘outlying farmstead’, ‘secondary settlement’) .
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Jordan.A Jourdain from the Saintonge region of France is recorded in
Quebec City in 1676. Another, from the Savoie, is documented in 1688
in Lachine, Quebec, with the secondary surname Lafrizade. A third,
from Provence, is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1688; and another, also
called Labrosse, in Montreal in 1696. Other secondary surnames include
Surname or Lastname
French (Jérôme) and English
French (Jérôme) and English : from the medieval
personal name Jérôme (French), Jerome (English),
from Greek HierÅnymos (see Hieronymus). This achieved
some popularity in France and elsewhere, being bestowed in honor of St
Jerome (?347–420), creator of the Vulgate, the standard Latin
version of the Bible.English (of Norman origin) : from a personal
name, Gerram, composed of the Germanic elements gÄr, gÄ“r ‘spear’ + hraban ‘raven’.A Jerome is recorded in Montreal in 1655 with the secondary
surnames Beaune and Leblanc. Another bearer of the name,
from Brittany, is recorded in Montreal in 1705 with the secondary
surname
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Dutch, Polish, Czech, and Slovenian
English, French, Dutch, Polish, Czech, and Slovenian : from a Germanic personal name (see Bernhard). The popularity of the personal name was greatly increased by virtue of its having been borne by St. Bernard of Clairvaux (c.1090–1153), founder and abbot of the Cistercian monastery at Clairvaux.Americanized form of German Bernhard or any of the other cognates in European languages; for forms see Hanks and Hodges 1988.The first bearer of the name in Canada was from the Lorraine region of France. He is documented in Quebec city in 1666 as Jean Bernard. He and some of his descendants bore the secondary surnames Anse and Hanse, because his original forename must have been Hans (the German equivalent of French Jean, English John). Another bearer, from La Rochelle, is documented in Quebec city in 1676; and a third, from the Poitou region of France, was also documented in Quebec city, in 1713, with the secondary surname Léveillé. Other documented secondary names are Jolicoeur, Larivière, and Lajoie.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, German, and Dutch
English, French, German, and Dutch : from a Germanic personal name
composed of the elements rīc ‘power(ful)’ + hard
‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’.A Richard from Normandy is documented in Quebec City in 1669, with
the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Bertram.A Bertrand from La Rochelle, France, is documented in Cap Rouge, Quebec, in 1666; another, from the Saintonge region, is documented in Charlesbourg in 1685. A bearer of the name from Normandy was recorded with the secondary surname Saint Arnaud in Batiscan in 1697. Another is documented from the Poitou region in 1697, and one from Guyenne is recorded in Laprairie, Quebec, in 1699 with the secondary surnames Raymond and Toulouse.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the Middle English, Old French personal name Perrin, a pet form of French Pierre (see Peter).A Perrin from Brittany is documented in Montreal in 1661. Secondary surnames associated with Perrin are Garao, Duteau, and Languedoc.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly southern), Dutch, and North German
English (mainly southern), Dutch, and North German : occupational name for a player on the pipes, Middle English pipere, Middle Dutch pi(j)per, Middle Low German piper.Translation of German Pfeiffer, or of the French secondary surname Lefifre.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of the numerous places in France so called from the dedication of their churches to St. George (see George).French : secondary surname to the primary surnames De la Porte, Godfroy, Lapointe, and Laporte.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Jordan.A Jourdain from the Saintonge region of France is recorded in
Quebec City in 1676. Another, from the Savoie, is documented in 1688
in Lachine, Quebec, with the secondary surname Lafrizade. A third,
from Provence, is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1688; and another, also
called Labrosse, in Montreal in 1696. Other secondary surnames include
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant spelling of Janice.French : unexplained.Latvian : from the first name JÄnis, Latvian form of John.A Janis from the Champagne region of France is documented in 1704
in Trois Rivières, Quebec, with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from the personal name Jean, French form of
John.English : variant of Jayne.A Vivien Jean, recorded in Canada in 1681, was also known as
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and Catalan
English, French, and Catalan : from a diminutive of brun ‘brown’ (see Brown, Brun).German : from a personal name (Brunhard) composed with Old High German, Old Saxon brūm ‘brown’. But this is also a Waldensian name in Germany, in which case it is of French origin, see 1.A Brunet from the Charente Maritime region of France is documented in Montreal in 1663, with the secondary surname Belhumeur. Another, from the Perche region, is documented in Quebec city in 1667, with the secondary surname Létang. Other secondary surnames recorded are Bourbonnais, La Sablonnière, and Saint-André. A Calvinist from La Rochelle, with the secondary surname Bonvouloir, is documented in Quebec city in 1698.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hewitt 1.French : from
a pet form of the Old French personal name Hue, Hughe
(see Hugh).A Huet from the Anjou region of France is recorded in Trois
Rivières, Quebec, in 1666, with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
English, French, German, Dutch, Hungarian (Róbert), etc
English, French, German, Dutch, Hungarian (Róbert), etc : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements hrÅd
‘renown’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’. This is found occasionally
in England before the Conquest, but in the main it was introduced into
England by the Normans and quickly became popular among all classes of
society. The surname is also occasionally borne by Jews, as an
Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.A Robert from La Rochelle, France is documented in Trois-Rivières,
Quebec, in 1666, with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from the personal name, French form of Julian.English : variant spelling of Julian.From the Dauphiné region of France, a Julien, also called Vantabon, is documented in Quebec City in 1654. A Julien or Jullien, from Poitou, France, is recorded in Quebec City in 1665. Other secondary surnames associated with this name include LeDragon and Saint-Julien.
Surname or Lastname
English and German (also found in Alsace)
English and German (also found in Alsace) : variant of English Luke, German Lukas.German (also Lück) : from a short form of Lüdeke, a pet form of Ludolph (compare Liedtke 2) or occasionally from Ludwig or Lucas.Dutch (van Luck) and English : habitational name from Luik, the Dutch name of the Belgian city of Liège.Translation of the French Canadian secondary surnames Lachance and Lafortune.
SECONDARY ATMOSPHERE
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