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Period in Jewish history, c. 516 BCE–70 CE
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE – 70 CE) during which the Second Temple stood
Second_Temple_period
Temple in Jerusalem (c. 516 BCE–70 CE)
Herod's Temple thereafter. Defining the Second Temple period and standing as a pivotal symbol of Jewish identity, it was the basis and namesake of Second Temple
Second_Temple
Jewish religion between 516 BCE and 70 CE
Second Temple Judaism refers to the Jewish religion as it developed during the Second Temple period, which began with the construction of the Second Temple
Second_Temple_Judaism
The Second Temple period in Jewish history began with the end of the Babylonian captivity and the Persian conquest of the Babylonian Empire in 539 BCE
Timeline of the Second Temple period
Timeline_of_the_Second_Temple_period
History of Jerusalem c. 538 BC – 70 CE
Jerusalem during the Second Temple period describes the history of the city during the existence there of the Second Temple, from the return to Zion under
Jerusalem during the Second Temple period
Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_period
Scale model reconstruction of ancient Jerusalem
the Second Temple period (Hebrew: דגם ירושלים בסוף ימי בית שני) is a 1:50 scale model of the city of Jerusalem in the late Second Temple period. The
Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem
Near Eastern civilization during the Iron Age
destroyed Solomon's Temple was replaced by the Second Temple, marking the beginning of the Second Temple period. In archaeological terms, the history covered
Ancient_Israel_and_Judah
Period in Jewish history, c. 70 CE–638 CE
Rabbinic period, or the Talmudic period, denotes a transformative era in Jewish history, spanning from the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE to
Rabbinic_period
Ethnoreligious group
nature. Two of the three main sects that flourished during the late Second Temple period, namely the Sadducees and Essenes, eventually disappeared, while
Jews
Perceiving oneself as a Jew
Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 4: The Jews under the Roman Shadow (4 BCE–150 CE), Library of Second Temple studies, London: T&T Clark
Jewish_identity
Walled area in East Jerusalem
history, and smaller than it had been in its peak, during the late Second Temple period. The Old City's current layout has been documented in significant
Old_City_of_Jerusalem
Ancient unit of currency
as a weight. During the Second Temple period, it was customary among Jews to annually offer the half-Shekel into the Temple treasury, for the upkeep
Shekel
Period between the Old and New Testaments of the Bible
Baptist in the early 1st century AD. It is roughly contiguous with the Second Temple period (516 BC–70 AD) and encompasses the age of Hellenistic Judaism. It
Intertestamental_period
Figure in early Jewish history
important Jewish scribe (sofer) and priest (kohen) in the early Second Temple period. In the Greek Septuagint, the name is rendered as Ésdrās (Ἔσδρας)
Ezra
Topics referred to by the same term
Patriotic War Second Temple period Second Stadtholderless Period This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Second period. If an internal
Second_period
celebration with pilgrims adorned, singing, and playing music. During the Second Temple period, Jerusalem saw pilgrims from across the Jewish diaspora, including
Aliya_la'regel
Historic valley in Jerusalem and religious concept
Benjamin (Joshua 15:8). According to the Bible, during the late First Temple period, it was the site of the Tophet, where some of the kings of Judah had
Gehenna
Province of the Achaemenid Empire
period marks the start of the Second Temple period. Governor Zerubbabel, who led the first Jewish returnees, laid the foundation of the Second Temple
Yehud_(Persian_province)
Seventh year of Jewish agricultural cycle
never applied all throughout the Second Temple period, but the Jubilee was being used during the period of the Second Temple in order to fix and sanctify
Shmita
Alternative form of the name Joshua (Yəhōšūaʿ)
in later books of the Hebrew Bible and among Jewish people of the Second Temple period. The name corresponds to the Greek spelling Iesous (Ἰησοῦς), from
Yeshua
Authoritative text of the Tanakh in Rabbinic Judaism
versions of the Hebrew scriptures already existed by the end of the Second Temple period. Which is closest to a theoretical Urtext is disputed, as is whether
Masoretic_Text
Archaeological museum in Jerusalem
years to the days of King David and the First Temple period, as well as from the Second Temple period. It also shows artifacts, including pottery, glass
Siebenberg_House
Second Temple period and continued into the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. Use of the tombs has been recorded as recently as the late Roman period
Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel
Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel
Rock-cut pools in Jerusalem
Arabic as Birket el-ḥamra "the Red Pool."[citation needed] During the Second Temple period, the Pool of Siloam was centrally located in the Jerusalem suburb
Pool_of_Siloam
Part of the First Jewish–Roman War
in Temple rituals—an influx that was a major source of the city's wealth. Rabbinic sources describing Jerusalem during the late Second Temple period praise
Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)
Art of the Jewish people
in the Land of Israel, where it originated and evolved during the Second Temple Period, influenced by various empires. This artistic tradition underwent
Jewish_art
Archaeological site in Israel
most affluent rural settlements in the Judaean Lowlands during the Second Temple period. The site, home to a Jewish population, remained inhabited through
Horvat_Midras
Jewish archangel
engineered the fall of Adam and Eve with a snake in writings during the Second Temple period. However, the serpent is not a form of Samael, but a beast he rode
Samael
Former places of Israelite and Jewish worship
conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. While the Second Temple stood for a longer period of time than the First Temple, and was renovated by Herod the Great, it
Temple_in_Jerusalem
Ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts
of ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts from the Second Temple period. They were discovered over a period of ten years, between 1946 and 1956, at the Qumran
Dead_Sea_Scrolls
Jews were allowed to return and rebuild the temple; these events mark the beginning of the Second Temple period. After several centuries of foreign rule
Jewish_history
Mountain in northern Israel
Israelites attacked and vanquished Sisera and the Canaanites. In the Second Temple period (c. 516 BCE – 70 CE), Mount Tabor was one of the mountain peaks on
Mount_Tabor
of the ancient Levant Timeline of Jewish history Timeline of the Second Temple period Stiebing & Helft 2023, pp. 302, 460. "Israel and the Samaria Highlands:
Timeline of ancient Israel and Judah
Timeline_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah
Religious site in Jerusalem
or in the New Testament. The term remained in use throughout the Second Temple period, although the term "Mount Zion", which today refers to the eastern
Temple_Mount
Area of Jewish theology
human beings to know what the world to come is like. In the late Second Temple period, beliefs about the ultimate fate of individuals were diverse. The
Jewish_eschatology
Roman colony built on the ruins of Jerusalem
around 4,000, significantly lower than the population during the late Second Temple period. The modest colony would change dramatically starting in the early
Aelia_Capitolina
Inscription from a synagogue in late Second Temple-era Jerusalem
limestone inscription discovered in Jerusalem, dating to the late Second Temple period. It was found in December 1913 by archaeologist Raymond Weill on
Theodotos_inscription
Container for dead remains
regulations in the Zoroastrian faith concerning the astudans. During the Second Temple period, Jewish burial customs were varied, differing based on class and
Ossuary
Greek translation of Hebrew scriptures
speak and even fewer could read in the Hebrew language during the Second Temple period; Koine Greek and Aramaic were the lingua francas at that time among
Septuagint
Zionist ideologically irredentist term
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE–70 CE) during which the Second Temple stood
Greater_Israel
Jewish kingdom in the southern Levant (140–37 BC)
Judea and its surrounding regions, during the Hellenistic era of the Second Temple period. The Hasmonean state emerged from the Maccabean revolt against Seleucid
Hasmonean_Judea
the Jews to return and rebuild the city and its temple, marking the start of the Second Temple period. Jerusalem fell under Hellenistic rule after the
History_of_Jerusalem
Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 4: The Jews under the Roman Shadow (4 BCE–150 CE), Library of Second Temple studies, London: T&T Clark
History_of_Israel
Savior and liberator of the Jewish people
Jewish messianism gave birth to Christianity, which started as a Second Temple period messianic Jewish religious movement. In Jewish eschatology, the term
Messiah_in_Judaism
Jewish sect during the Second Temple period
Ossaioi) or Essenians were a mystic Jewish community during the Second Temple period that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE. The
Essenes
Ancient Hebrew ritual candelabrum and Jewish symbol
representations of the menorah from the First Temple period, but some examples dating from the Second Temple period have been recorded. Menorah images that
Temple_menorah
Ancient Semitic deity in the Levant
Neo-Babylonian above), post-Exilic for later periods and Second Temple period from the reconstruction of the Temple in 515 BCE until its destruction in 70 CE. There
Yahweh
One of the four traditional quarters of Jerusalem's Old City
the modern system: Jerusalem stood on two heights during the late Second Temple period, the western hill being the one which was called the "Upper Market
Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)
Ethnoreligious group's past
against Babylon Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE) Babylonian captivity Second Temple period Yehud (Persian province) Maccabean revolt Hasmonean dynasty Herodian
Outline_of_Jewish_history
Hebrew title
Mishnah defines the nasi of Leviticus 4 to mean the king. During the Second Temple period (c. 530 BCE – 70 CE), the nasi was the highest-ranking member and
Nasi_(Hebrew_title)
High Priest during the Second Temple period
Onias Simonides in Koine Greek, was High Priest of Israel during the Second Temple period under the rule of the Seleucid Empire. He is described in the scriptures
Onias_III
Israeli settlement in the West Bank
Jewish village from the late Second Temple period. Archeological findings indicate that the community was founded in the second century BCE, had its apex
Modi'in_Illit
Biblical event
province under the new Persian Empire. The Persian period marks the onset of the Second Temple period in Jewish history. Zerubabel, appointed as governor
Return_to_Zion
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Jerusalem
building in this period, which was ruled as Yehud Medinata. During the Second Temple period, especially during the Hasmonean period, the city walls were
Walls_of_Jerusalem
Dispersion of Jews around the globe
centuries before the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. In the preceding Second Temple period, it existed as a consequence of various factors, including the creation
Jewish_diaspora
Historical emergence of Christianity
Christianity began as a movement within Second Temple Judaism, but the two religions gradually diverged over the first few centuries of the Christian
Split of Christianity and Judaism
Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism
Containers used by Jews during the Second Temple Period
vessels made from soft limestone/chalkstone among Jews during the Second Temple period and beyond was widespread across Judea, Galilee and the Golan Heights
Stone vessels in ancient Judaea
Stone_vessels_in_ancient_Judaea
Angelic entity in some Christian traditions
Retrieved August 8, 2011. Margaret Barker (2003). The Great High Priest: The Temple Roots of Christian Liturgy. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp
Angel_of_the_Presence
Scholar of Second Temple period Jewish history
Jerusalem. He is a scholar of Hellenistic Judaism, Flavius Josephus, the Second Temple Period, and the book 2 Maccabees. Daniel Schwartz was born in the United
Daniel_R._Schwartz
Ancient Israelite and Jewish town, identified with modern-day Mukhmas
Michmas was inhabited during the Second Temple period, when, according to the Mishnah, its fine wheat was brought to the Temple. Michmas is identified with
Michmas
Hebrew ethno-religious group in Canaan during the Iron Age
progenitors of the Jewish people, who practised Second Temple Judaism during the Second Temple period. With the fall of Babylon to the rising Achaemenid
Israelites
Archaeological site in the West Bank
7 mi) to the west of the latter. Remains from the site dating to the Second Temple period include hundreds of Aramaic ostraca, what appears to be a 4th-century
Khirbet_el-Qom
Biblical settlement
returned to live in their former places of residence. During the Second Temple period, fig-cake shaped into round or square-shaped hard cakes (Hebrew:
Keilah
Pool in Jerusalem
of Bethesda in Jerusalem and Jewish Purification Practices of the Second Temple Period". Proche-Orient Chretien. 55: 270–293. von Wahlde, U.C. (2009). "The
Pool_of_Bethesda
Part of Pompey the Great's campaigns in the East
the Temple, where stood a saddle allowed access to the Temple and so was guarded by the citadel known as the Baris, augmented by a ditch. A second camp
Siege_of_Jerusalem_(63_BC)
Israeli academic (1917–2000)
was an Israeli professor of Early Christianity and Judaism of the Second Temple Period at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. David Flusser was born in
David_Flusser
Orthodox form of Judaism since the 6th century AD
rooted in the many forms of Judaism that coexisted and together formed Second Temple Judaism in the land of Israel, giving birth to classical rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic_Judaism
Hebrew religious text ascribed to Enoch
the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Book of Enoch was widely read during the Second Temple period. Today, the Ethiopian Beta Israel community of Haymanot Jews is the
Book_of_Enoch
completion of the Temple ushered in the Second Temple period of Jewish history, which was to last approximately 600 years until the Temple's destruction by
History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel
Roman–Jewish historian and military leader (c. 37 – c. 100)
the history and antiquity of ancient Israel and Judea during the Second Temple period. They also provide extra-biblical accounts of figures such as Pontius
Josephus
Central drainage channel of Jerusalem in the Second Temple period
excavators, Ronny Reich and Eli Shukron, date it to the later part of the Second Temple period. According to Leen Ritmeyer, the drain is mainly of Hasmonean age
Jerusalem_Water_Channel
German biblical scholar and historian of religion (1926-2009)
Testament scholar, and Lutheran theologian, focusing on the Second Temple period and Hellenistic period of ancient Judaism and early Christianity. Hengel was
Martin_Hengel
the construction of the Second Temple in Yehud Medinata, marking the beginning of the Second Temple period and Second Temple Judaism, which would continue
Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Bible
Animal which is ritually burdened
performed throughout the Second Temple period, with historians such as Josephus mentioning it. With the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, the scapegoat
Scapegoat
Ancient Hebrew city
dating from the Second Temple period. It is the oldest synagogue found in the Galilee, and one of the few synagogues from that period found in the entire
Magdala
Observance of recitation in religious Judaism
Great Assembly in the early Second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE). The language of the prayers, while clearly from this period, often employs classical
Jewish_prayer
Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem
high hill in the center of Ramot Alon. The ruins are dated to the Second Temple period (namely the Hasmonean and Herodian eras). In May 2005, a salvage
Ramot,_East_Jerusalem
Archaeological site in Jerusalem
Byzantine period at the exit of the Siloam Tunnel, and the recently discovered, lower pool dating to the Hasmonean part of the Second Temple Period. On the
City of David (archaeological site)
City_of_David_(archaeological_site)
Place of worship for Jews or Samaritans
synagogues in Alexandria and in Antioch, respectively. More than a dozen Second Temple period synagogues in use by Jews and Samaritans have been identified by
Synagogue
Neighbourhood of West Jerusalem
building at Tel Motza, dating to the monarchic period (Iron Age IIA). During the Second Temple period, Motza was the place whence willow branches were
Motza
Assemblies of 23 or 71 Jewish elders
the Av Beit Din ("chief of the court"). In the Second Temple period, the Great Sanhedrin met in the Temple in Jerusalem, in a building called the Hall of
Sanhedrin
Israeli historian
1989) was an internationally acclaimed Israeli historian of the Second Temple period. He was murdered in Jerusalem by Palestinians during the First Intifada
Menahem_Stern
Archeological site in Israel
uncovered the remains of a partially restored Jewish village from the Second Temple period. The site features an ancient synagogue, wine presses, cisterns,
Horvat_'Ethri
Denominations of Judaism
(2016-12-10). "Ethiopian Judaism nearly identical to that practiced during Second Temple Period". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2025-01-18. A. H. M. Jones and Elizabeth Monroe
Jewish_religious_movements
Holy site in Hebron, Palestine
there, the stones of the wall were taken from the Temple built by King Solomon. During the Ottoman period, the dilapidated state of the patriarchs' tombs
Cave_of_the_Patriarchs
Art of the Jewish people during antiquity
time, including Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Roman art. During the Second Temple Period, Jewish decorative art followed the biblical prohibition against
Ancient_Jewish_art
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
Second Temple period, which ended in 70 CE with the siege of Jerusalem. It eventually developed into Mishnaic Hebrew, which was employed as a second language
Biblical_Hebrew
Dynasty of Judea (140–37 BC)
Jewish ruling dynasty of Judea during the Hellenistic times of the Second Temple period (part of classical antiquity), from c. 141 BC to 37 BC. Hasmonean
Hasmonean_dynasty
Professor of History at the University of Southampton
in 1995 with a dissertation on the reception of the Bible in the Second Temple period. Her work was published in an expanded version in 2013 as The words
Sarah_Pearce
Holy site of Judaism in Jerusalem
17 courses located below street level, dates from the end of the Second Temple period, and is believed to have been begun by Herod the Great. The very
Western_Wall
2nd-century BCE Jewish scribe, author of Sirach
sage, and allegorist from Seleucid-controlled Jerusalem of the Second Temple period. He is the author of the Book of Sirach, also known as "Ecclesiasticus"
Ben_Sira
– "first rural synagogue" of the period discovered as of 2016; at a Jewish farmstead from the Second Temple Period, 8 km SE of Mount Tabor In the Judaean
Ancient synagogues in Palestine
Ancient_synagogues_in_Palestine
Mountain in northeast Jerusalem
University. The park preserves some Jewish burial caves from the Second Temple period and it also contains two smaller cemeteries, the Bentwich Cemetery
Mount_Scopus
Archaeological site near Jerusalem
JSTOR 27274761. Seligman, Jon; Amit, David; Zilberbod, Irina (2023). "A Second-Temple Period Chalk Quarry and Vessel-Production Cave Complex on Mount Scopus,
Scopus_stone_vessels_cave
Book of the Bible
covenant. Isaiah was one of the most popular works among Jews in the Second Temple period (c. 515 BCE – 70 CE). In Christian circles, it was held in such high
Book_of_Isaiah
Ossuary discovered in Jerusalem, Israel in 1990
the rock-hewn loculi burial cave. The burial was typical of the Second Temple period (516 BCE and 70 CE) in Jerusalem, and one of many in the Jerusalem
Caiaphas_ossuary
Aspect of Jewish eschatology
your forefathers. — Book of Ezekiel 20:41-42 Several texts from the Second Temple period, originating in a Judean context, petition God to gather the exiles
Gathering_of_Israel
Armenian scholar
with Armenian studies and with Jewish literature and thought of the Second Temple period. He is also a published poet. Michael Stone was born in Leeds, England
Michael_E._Stone
Splits along cultural as well as religious bases
juridico-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the Second Temple with its rites and services, and those who emphasized the importance
Jewish_schisms
Jewish faction in Ammon (2nd-century BCE)
a Jewish dynasty in Ammon with origins possibly rooted in the First Temple Period, both literary and archaeological evidence point to their prominence
Tobiads
travel, tourism, insurance
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