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1998–2003 war in central Africa
The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War or the Great War of Africa, was a major conflict that began on 2 August 1998, in the Democratic
Second_Congo_War
Index of conflicts with the same name
Civil War or Congo War may refer to any of a number of armed internal conflicts in the present-day countries of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and
Congolese_Civil_War
1996–1997 war in central Africa
The First Congo War, also known as Africa's First World War, was a civil and international military conflict that lasted from 24 October 1996 to 16 May
First_Congo_War
Ethno-political conflict in the Republic of the Congo
The Second Republic of the Congo Civil War, also known as the Second Brazzaville-Congolese Civil War, was the second of two ethnopolitical civil conflicts
Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)
Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997–1999)
Country in Central Africa
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo, and formerly named Zaire, is a country in
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
fighting has continued and Rwandan troops remain in the DRC. Since the Second Congo War the eastern provinces of the DRC have been the site of an ongoing insurgency
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda conflict (2022–present)
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo–Rwanda_conflict_(2022–present)
1999–2003 war in West Africa
The Second Liberian Civil War was a civil war in the West African nation of Liberia that lasted from 1999 to 2003. The war was mainly caused by transition
Second_Liberian_Civil_War
Topics referred to by the same term
during the Second Congo War Genocost, genocide for economic gains; associated with resource exploitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of
Congo_Genocide
1960–1965 political unrest in Central Africa
Joseph-Désiré Mobutu. Constituting a series of civil wars, the Congo Crisis was also a proxy conflict in the Cold War, in which the Soviet Union and the United States
Congo_Crisis
the country: the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Second Congo War began, resulting in a regional war in which different African nations took part
History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Ethno-political conflict in the Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo Civil War, also known as the First Brazzaville-Congolese Civil War, was a conflict in the Republic of the Congo which lasted from
Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)
Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993–1994)
Country in Central Africa (1965–1997)
Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution, and foreign assets were nationalized. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese
Zaire
Military forces of the DR Congo
rebuilt in a fragmented and uneven manner following the end of the Second Congo War in July 2003, as part of the broader peace process that sought to integrate
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
group operating in the Democratic Republic of Congo that fought the government throughout the Second Congo War, it subsequently took part in the transitional
Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Congo
Topics referred to by the same term
Second Civil War, or Civil War II may refer to: Second Central American Civil War (1838–1840) Second Congo War (1998–2003), also referred to as a civil
Second_civil_war
ISBN 1-919913-82-3 Cooper, Tom (2013) Africa@War Volume 14: Great Lakes Conflagration – The Second Congo War, 1998–2003. Helion & Co Ltd, England, and Thirty
Zimbabwe_National_Army
History of the state of Rwanda and its lands
the First Congo War. A second invasion to replace the new Congolese president initiated the Second Congo War, the deadliest war since World War II and one
History_of_Rwanda
1908–1960 Belgian colony in Central Africa
The Belgian Congo (French: Congo belge, pronounced [kɔ̃ɡo bɛlʒ]; Dutch: Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence
Belgian_Congo
1960–1971 state in Central Africa
the Congo (French: République du Congo) or First Congolese Republic, formerly the Belgian Congo and now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was
First_Congolese_Republic
Genocidal rape in Congo
During the first and second conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all armed parties to the conflict carried out a policy of genocidal
Rape during the First and Second Congo Wars
Rape_during_the_First_and_Second_Congo_Wars
1908, many atrocities were committed in the Congo Free State (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo) under the absolute rule of King Leopold II of
Atrocities in the Congo Free State
Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State
Forum that during the Congo Civil War, his people were hunted down and eaten as though they were game animals. Both sides of the war regarded them as "subhuman"
List_of_war_crimes
Bilateral relations
allied countries to launch an offensive in 1996. Both the First and Second Congo Wars (which heavily involved Rwanda) devastated the DRC, the damage of
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo–Rwanda_relations
1983–2005 war for South Sudanese independence
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was
Second_Sudanese_Civil_War
1390–1914 state in Central Africa; Portuguese vassal from 1857
(Kongo: Kongo Dya Ntotila or Wene wa Kongo; Portuguese: Reino do Congo; Latin: Regnum Congo) was a kingdom in Central Africa. It was located in present-day
Kingdom_of_Kongo
influential in the Angolan Civil War. The careers of many famous mercenaries of the 20th century began in the Congo. Modern ideas and stereotypes about
Mercenaries and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mercenaries_and_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Civil War in Ivory Coast from November 2010 to April 2011
The Second Ivorian Civil War broke out in March 2011 when the crisis in Ivory Coast escalated into full-scale military conflict between forces loyal to
Second_Ivorian_Civil_War
Capital and most populous city of DR Congo
Reyntjens, Filip (1999). "La deuxième guerre du Congo: plus qu'une réédition" [The Second Congo War: More Than a Reissue] (PDF). Medialibrary.uantwerpen
Kinshasa
the Congo since the end of Second Congo War in 2003. Stearns, Jason (2022). The War That Doesn't Say Its Name: The Unending Conflict in the Congo (1st ed
List of armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
List_of_armed_groups_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Family of assault and attack helicopters
helicopters to provide support during the Second Congo War. The IAF has been operating in the region since 2003. Two second-hand Mi-24Vs procured from Ukraine
Mil_Mi-24
Air Force of Zimbabwe saw service in the Mozambican Civil War in 1985 and the Second Congo War of 1998–2001. The Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF; previously known
Air_Force_of_Zimbabwe
Territory in Central Africa (1885–1908)
The Congo Free State (CFS), also known as the Independent State of the Congo (French: État indépendant du Congo), was a large state and absolute monarchy
Congo_Free_State
the Congo has a developing transition economy. Its has declined drastically in the years leading up to and during the First and Second Congo Wars, despite
Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Ongoing period of history since 1991
post–Cold War era include the United States invasion of Panama, the Gulf War, the Yugoslav Wars, the First and Second Congo Wars, the First and Second Chechen
Post–Cold_War_era
1991–2002 war in West Africa
abducted during the war and forced to fight in it. Sierra Leone portal Burundian Civil War Second Congo War Second Liberian Civil War "The AFRC remained
Sierra_Leone_Civil_War
President of the DR Congo from 2001 to 2019
Congo from 2001 to 2019. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila, in the context of the Second
Joseph_Kabila
Subconflict of the Second Congo War
in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 5 to 10 June 2000. The war formed part of the wider Second Congo War (1998–2003). Kisangani was also a scene
Six-Day_War_(2000)
Inter-ethnic conflict within Burundi from 1993 to 2005
Gérard (2009). Africa's World War : Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making
Burundian_Civil_War
Since April 2023, there has been a civil war in Sudan between the two main factions of the country's military government. The conflict involves the internationally
Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)
Branch of the Armed Forces of DR Congo
to fight the invasion by Rwandan-backed militant groups during the Second Congo War (1998–2003) and largely collapsed. The peace agreement signed in 2002
Land Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Land_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Congolese military officer and warlord
Congo War. However, he later rebelled against Kabila's government and joined the rebellion led by Rwandan-aligned rebels during the Second Congo War.
Laurent_Nkunda
1975–2002 military conflict
closely intertwined with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo and the South African Border War. Land mines still litter
Angolan_Civil_War
Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo which began after Second Congo War ended. Including neighboring Ituri province, there are
Kivu_conflict
2002–2003 genocide of Bambuti pygmies
military operation carried out during the Second Congo War by the Movement for the Liberation of the Congo and Rally for Congolese Democracy-National
Effacer_le_tableau
1990–1994 armed struggle in Rwanda
of the Congo (DRC). Rwanda fell out with the new Congolese regime in 1998 and Kagame supported a fresh rebellion, leading to the Second Congo War. This
Rwandan_Civil_War
Combined military forces of Rwanda
(FDLR), which is still active in eastern Congo's North Kivu Province. Circa 2000 during the Second Congo War, the Rwanda Patriotic Army unofficially admitted
Rwandan_Defence_Force
United Nations peacekeeping force in DRC
resolutions 1279 (1999) and 1291 (2000) to monitor the peace process of the Second Congo War, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the Ituri conflict
MONUSCO
2012–2013 conflict in the DRC
part of continued fighting in the region after the formal end of the Second Congo War in 2003. The conflict reignited in late 2021 after M23 rebel leader
M23_rebellion_(2012–2013)
Multilateral civil war in North Africa
The Libyan civil war (2014–2020), also known as the Second Libyan Civil War, was a multilateral civil war which was fought in Libya among a number of armed
Libyan_civil_war_(2014–2020)
2001 murder of DR Congo president
18-year-old bodyguard who had fought as a child soldier (kadogo) in the First Congo War under Kabila's command. Mizele was later shot dead, while Kabila's son
Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
Assassination_of_Laurent-Désiré_Kabila
1975–1991 armed conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front
The Western Sahara War was an armed conflict between the Sahrawi Indigenous Polisario Front and Morocco from 1975 to 1991 (and Mauritania from 1975 to
Western_Sahara_War
President of Rwanda since 2000
to its former pre-Mobutu name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The second war was launched in 1998 against Kabila, and later his son Joseph
Paul_Kagame
Territory in Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
such as the Magembe and Nundu stations, ceased operation during the Second Congo War, whereas a small hydroelectric unit in Malikya, close to Baraka, remains
Fizi_Territory
List of a wikimedia project
Democratic Forces insurgency 1996 – 1997 First Congo War 1998 – 2003 Second Congo War 2000 Six-Day War (2000) 1999 – present Ituri conflict 2004 – present
List_of_conflicts_in_Africa
Christian extremist organization in Africa
Sudan, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its stated goal is the fight against internal oppression under successive
Lord's_Resistance_Army
Islamist insurgency in the DR Congo and Uganda
the rebel group Popular Congolese Army (APC), which fought in the Second Congo War to create a new rebellion and undermine confidence in the central government
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency
Congolese government from 2003 to 2006
Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo was tasked with moving from the state riven by the Second Congo War (1998–2003) to a government based upon
Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Transitional_Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Armoured personnel carrier
PLZ-10 Gun-Mortar; Sri Lanka Zimbabwe – ZSD-89-II, used during the Second Congo War Nigeria – 60 delivered in 2021. ZBD-04A, infantry fighting vehicle
Type_89_AFV
1998–2000 international conflict
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War, also known as the Badme War, was a major armed conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 6, 1998 to June
Eritrean–Ethiopian_War
Congolese history in the 2000s has primarily revolved around the Second Congo War (1998–2003) and the empowerment of a transitional government. Joseph
2000s in history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2000s_in_history_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Ongoing conflict in central Africa since 1987
that were deployed in the Democratic Republic of Congo upon the official end of the Second Congo War, created what the Ugandan government felt was an
Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency
Camouflage pattern
brushstroke pattern was re-adopted during the 1990s just prior to the Second Congo War. Zimbabwe currently produces military uniforms in two variations of
Rhodesian_Brushstroke
Offensive in the Second Congo War
Kitona was a Rwandan/Ugandan offensive that marked the beginning of the Second Congo War. Rwanda hoped to depose Laurent-Désiré Kabila and install a government
Operation_Kitona
Paramilitary group involved in 1994 Rwandan Genocide
[citation needed] During the war, millions of Rwandan Hutu refugees fled to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), along with many members of
Interahamwe
Brief war between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969
The Football War (Spanish: guerra del fútbol), also known as the Soccer War or the 100 Hour War, was a brief military conflict fought between El Salvador
Football_War
Rebel group in the DR Congo
of Paul Rwarakabije. It was active during the latter phases of the Second Congo War and the subsequent insurgencies in Kivu. As of December 2009, Major
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
Democratic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda
1998 massacre during the Kivu Conflict
the First Congo War, Kagame's Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) and Laurent-Désiré Kabila's Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (AFDL)
Kasika_massacre
Militia groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
faction, the Congolese Rally for Democracy–Goma (RCD-Goma) during the Second Congo War. While militias have long been common in the Kivus, particularly among
Mai-Mai
Rwandan military officer (born 1959)
2010 to 2018. Kabarebe was a key figure in both the First Congo War and the Second Congo War as a commanding officer. From 10 April 2010 until 18 October
James_Kabarebe
2016–2017 conflict in the Republic of the Congo
The Pool War was a conflict between the Republic of the Congo and the Ninja militia in the Pool Department in the southeastern part of the country. Tensions
Pool_War
Rebel group of the Second Congo War
the Democratic Republic of the Congo along the border with Rwanda, it carried out attacks throughout the Second Congo War against forces aligned with Rwanda
Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda
Capital and urban center in Bashali Chiefdom, North Kivu
The Second Congo War began in 1998, after Laurent-Désiré Kabila attempted to expel his Rwandan allies, leading to the control of eastern Congo by the
Kitchanga
Conflicts in Libya since 2011
instability across the country, which erupted into renewed civil war in 2014. The second war lasted until 23 October 2020, when all parties agreed to a permanent
Libyan_crisis
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Retrieved 1 May 2024. Cooper, Tom (2013). Great Lakes Conflagration: Second Congo War, 1998−2003 (PDF). Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1-909384-66-8. Retrieved
M53/59_Praga
During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited
Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Child_soldiers_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Rapid attack into enemy territory
paramilitary groups, such as those carried out in refugee camps during the Second Congo War. In Western European literature, razzia is derived from the French
Razzia_(military)
Place in Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Congo (DRC). It is the administrative center of Pweto Territory. The town was the scene of a decisive battle in December 2000 during the Second Congo
Pweto
genocide, the Burundian genocide (Hutu and Tutsi), and the First and Second Congo Wars. Ugandan scholar Mahmoud Mamdani identifies at least four distinct
Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
Origins_of_Hutu,_Tutsi_and_Twa
Topics referred to by the same term
DRC civil war may refer to: First Congo War (1996–1997) Second Congo War (1998–2003) Kivu conflict M23 campaign (2022–present) This disambiguation page
DRC_civil_war
after the Second Congo War in 2003, ran as an independent candidate and defeated Jean-Pierre Bemba of the Movement for the Liberation of the Congo (MLC).
2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election
2006_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_general_election
Bantu kingdom in southeast Africa (15th century to 1961)
Mother Kanjogera. The conflicts at court escalated in 1896, when an armed Congo Free State expedition attempted to annex southwestern Rwanda. Mibambwe IV
Kingdom_of_Rwanda
President of Rwanda from 1994 to 2000
the civil war and genocide, as well as the country's support for rebel groups in the First Congo War from 1996 to 1997, and the Second Congo War from 1998
Pasteur_Bizimungu
Subconflict of the Second Congo War
day.[clarification needed] The conflict was largely set off by the Second Congo War, which had led to increased ethnic consciousness, a large supply of
Ituri_conflict
2021. West, Sunguta (31 May 2019). "Has Islamic State Really Entered the Congo and is an IS Province There a Gamble?" (PDF). Terrorism Monitor. 17 (11)
List of wars involving Zimbabwe
List_of_wars_involving_Zimbabwe
1998–1999 massacre in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
divisions and polarization within the Congolese society. During the Second Congo War, the once-formidable alliance between Rwanda, Uganda, and the Congolese
Makobola_massacre
agreement that ended the Second Congo War. International Center for Transitional Justice, Democratic Republic of the Congo Archived 2016-11-10 at the
Transitional National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Transitional_National_Assembly_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Periods of currency instability
the Congo and, in 2000, in the Second Congo War, including higher salaries for army and government officials. Zimbabwe was under-reporting its war spending
Hyperinflation_in_Zimbabwe
Village in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
which was subsequently renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Second Congo War, which began in 1998, significantly destabilized the region.
Bibokoboko
Territory in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
JSTOR 41968746. "Second Congo War – Attacks on other civilian populations – North Kivu". Mapping-report.org. The Democratic Republic of the Congo 1993-2003 United
Masisi_Territory
side of the Congo River, the end of the civil war and the repossession of power by Sassou-Nguesso forced the FDC to dismantle its bases in Congo-Brazzaville
List_of_wars:_1990–2002
Topics referred to by the same term
secessionist forces and Georgian guerillas Six-Day War (2000) between Rwanda and Uganda, during the Second Congo War Six days (disambiguation) The Sixth Day (disambiguation)
Six_Day_War_(disambiguation)
Special forces unit of the Zimbabwe National Army
in several African conflicts, including the Mozambique Civil War and the Second Congo War. In 1980 Prime Minister Robert Mugabe declared the integration
Special_Forces_of_Zimbabwe
British physician and writer
journalist, covering topics that included Al Qaeda, the Gulf War, and the Second Congo War, she subsequently attended medical school from 2003, qualifying
Rachel_Clarke
Brazilian armoured car
Resistance (RENAMO) insurgents. During Zimbabwe's intervention in the Second Congo War, Ilyushin Il-76s commandeered from local charter firms were used to
EE-9_Cascavel
French short range air defense system
optical sight. Mistral missiles used by the Rwandan forces in the Second Congo War shot down a Zimbabwean Air Force BAE Hawk fighter on 23 March 1999
Mistral_(missile)
War involving major global states
expeditions) across the five continents. Another possible example is the Second Congo War (1998–2003) even though it was only waged on one continent. It involved
World_war
DRC political party and militia
Ituri, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed towards the end of the Second Congo War. It was founded by Thomas Lubanga in 2001 and was
Union_of_Congolese_Patriots
2009 non-fiction book
World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe, originally published as From Genocide to Continental War: The 'Congolese'
Africa's_World_War_(book)
Bilateral relations
the intervention by Zimbabwean troops in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to support the government of Laurent Kabila against rebels. Following the
South Africa–Zimbabwe relations
South_Africa–Zimbabwe_relations
President of the DRC from 1997 to 2001
following the Kasika massacre to prevent a potential coup, leading to the Second Congo War (1998–2003), in which his former Rwandan and Ugandan allies supported
Laurent-Désiré_Kabila
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR
Girl/Female
Biblical
Second.
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese
Clever
Boy/Male
Chinese
Intelligent.
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, English, French, German
Wealthy Protector; Protected by Grace; Gracious Protector
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Chinese : from an ancient area named Cong Yang, whose residents adopted the surname.Vietnamese : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Protective Grace
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Parsi
Great Congo; Belief; Custom; Religion; Day
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name composed of the elements ēast ‘grace’, ‘beauty’ + mund ‘protection’. This name was also used by the Norman, among whom it represents a continental Germanic cognate of the Old English name.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Second
Female
English
From the name of the state of Arizona in the United States of America, a place considered sacred by the Native Americans. It was named after Sedona Miller Schnebly (1877-1950), the wife of the city's first postmaster. Meaning unknown.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Seònaid, SEONA means "God is gracious."
Boy/Male
Indian
Second
Male
English
Variant spelling of Middle English Estmond, ESMOND means "gracious protector."Â
Boy/Male
African American American
Of man.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Richward, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements rīc ‘power(ful)’ + ward ‘guard’.French : from Old French record, recort ‘recollection’, ‘account’, ‘testimony’, and by extension ‘witness’, hence perhaps a nickname for someone who had given evidence in a court of law, or a metonymic occupational name for a clerk who recorded court proceedings.New England variant of French Ricard, reflecting an Americanized spelling of the Canadian pronunciation.
Girl/Female
African, British, English, Greek, Hebrew
To Grant; Kongo
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dual, Second
Boy/Male
English
Protected by God. Grace and protection. From the Old English name Estmund. Commonly used as a...
Girl/Female
Indian
Second
Girl/Female
Spanish
Lively.
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR
SECOND CONGO-WAR